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Golden Prospects With a Copper Edge

Join this in-depth discussion on the economic benefits of exposure to gold and copper in an asset. Topics include the latest technological advancements in resource extraction, the efficient utilization of dual resources and the positive impact on community development. Discover how sustainability and profitability go hand in hand in modern mining projects.

Thu, September 5, 2024 at 1:00 PMendedReplay
Golden Prospects With a Copper Edge
Company
Junior Resource Investing, White Gold Corp. (TSXV:WGO), Prismo Metals Inc. (CSE:PRIZ), Western Copper and Gold Corporation (TSX:WRN)
Date
Thu, Sep 5, 2024, 1:00 PM ET
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On 6ix: 6ix.com/event/golden-prospects-with-a-copper-edge

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Automated transcript · Written by software from the replay's audio. It can mishear names and figures; the replay is the record.

0:08 Welcome, everybody, to the Golden Prospects with a Copper Edge panel. My name is Matthew Michelboro and I am the president of Junior Resource Investing. Just a couple of disclaimers here before we get going and I'll turn it over to the gents who we're all here to listen to. There's going to be a lot of blue sky conversation happening here, forward looking statements as well. So please keep that in mind. There will be full written disclaimer as well. Other notes to be aware of, this is being recorded so make sure you're aware of that. And questions at the end, right? So I do always encourage people if you've got questions that I think that you know these panels, the strength of them hinge on you know investor engagement, right? So if you've got questions, please feel free to enter them into the chat at any time. If it fits into the flow of the conversation, I'll do my level best to get them in at that point.

0:55 Otherwise, I'll make sure that I book some time off at the end for your questions at that time. And so, yeah, like I say, please feel free to get those questions and I'll do my best to get them over to the gents in question. Otherwise, though, the eternal question of portfolio construction plagues every investor, right? What should you allocate your portfolio to? When? How much? What are your optimum position sizes? These questions, you know, they are essential to investing success. So here today to discuss why copper and gold are worthy of their place in people's portfolios are a trio of relevant industry executives. Joining me today are Sandeep Singh, who is here as CEO of Western Copper and Gold. David D'Onofrio, who is CEO of White Gold, and Steve Robertson, who is President of Prisma Metals. Gentlemen, thank you for your time. How are you guys today?

1:40 Doing great. Thanks, Matthew. Great, Doug. Glad to be here. Thank you, Matthew. Good to be with you. I'm looking forward to this one. It really does kind of align with my own investment thesis as well. But maybe we'll just, you know, we'll start out nice and general, give people an opportunity to understand who you gentlemen are and who you represent. So classic elevator pitch opportunity for you here, if you don't mind. I'll give you each of you a couple of minutes, talk through who you are, talk through your company and why it's so compelling for investors.

2:05 And on my screen, left to right, we'll just start with Steve, if you don't mind, Steve from Prismo. Okay, thanks. I'm Steve Robertson. I'm an exploration geologist by background. I've been in the junior mining sector for about 6-years now and I'm currently the president of Prismo Metals. Prismo is a CSE listed company. We're also listed on OTC in Frankfurt. We've got 3 exploration projects in North America, 2 in Mexico. One of them is a Gold project. The second one is in the Panaco district, surrounded by Vizla Resources, and that's a Bonanza-grade Silver prospect. We're about to start drilling there. And the flagship project is in Arizona. So It's a Copper exploration plate. We're 40km south of Resolution and we think we have very similar geology and structural setting there.

2:55 We should be drilling there. We're hoping in a month, should be in Q3 for sure. And I'm very much looking forward to doing some deep drilling on that project to see what lurks at depth. Thank you, Steve. And over to you, Sandeep. Sure. Thanks, Matthew. Sandeep Singh, the CEO of Western Copper and Gold. We're listed in Toronto and New York under the ticker symbol WRN. We have a globally significant, we like to say world-class is a bit overused, but globally significant copper and gold project in the Yukon in Canada. It's a project that has undergone quite a lot of advancement in the last several years with the resource size in the M&I category doubling. It's been brought to feasibility study that's quite current in mid-2022,

3:44 received significant endorsements from some of the smarter names in the copper space, namely Rio Tinto, who owns just shy of 10 percent, and Mitsubishi Materials, who owns about 4 percent. And we're pushing it through the permitting phase as we speak, de-risking it as we go. I mentioned for this panel, I think we have the right commodities to be on this panel. We have 11 billion pounds of copper, 21 million ounces of gold. Much of that, most of that is in the M&I category. So well drilled out and a project that has a lot of a lot of good attributes in terms of low elevation, clean metallurgy, improving infrastructure, and that's why we're as bullish as we are. However you cut the numbers, whatever your assumptions are for commodity prices, et cetera, but we have a multi-billion dollar project in terms of fundamental value and we're trading at a fraction of that. So that's the the opportunity that we're seeking to change.

4:38 Excellent. And over to you David. Perfect. Great to be here. White Gold Corp. We have a very unique interesting company. I believe Our projects are in Canada's Yukon in the Klondike District. This was the epicenter of the Gold Rush a little over a hundred years ago, where there'd been over 20 million ounces of plaster gold mined from the creek beds in that area.

5:01 But remarkably, there had been next to no modern day exploration until about 15 years ago when our partner, Sean Ryan, went there to just sort of try to see where all this gold might have come from. And It was a unique sort of territory. Maybe that's part of the reason why no one had done the work being that the majority had not been glaciated. So there was very little outcrop. So Sean utilized some novel technologies and exploration approaches. Some he created his own, some he leveraged from other sort of similar jurisdictions worldwide,

5:33 to vector into where might these mineralized systems be hiding and then go into the drilling. He's been phenomenally successful over that period of time. He's made several multi-million ounce discoveries. White Gold Corp owns one of them. It's called the Gold Saddle Deposit. Now, we're owned over 2 million ounces of gold. Agilis grades around 2 grams per ton. He also discovered the Coffee Deposit, which was acquired by Gold Corp, now part of Newmont. And what we really think, what we really like about the company is we sort of have the team that we believe has cracked the code to make these discoveries. We've done a lot of work on, you know, we have over 30 properties in the district. It is a true district scale type of portfolio, just under a million acres.

6:18 And we believe we have many more of these opportunities to make more significant discoveries, some of which we've made and now they're in the earlier days of delineation.

6:27 So as a junior company, we have the meat and potatoes of an existing deposit, which is growing open in all directions. And we have a lot of this blue sky, new discovery type opportunities. So we kind of get the best of both worlds. And we're obviously operating in a great place in Canada's Yukon with some tremendous partners, being able to track the Niko Eagle and Kinraps to be strategic partners alongside Sean Ryan and the Power 1 Group, who I'm also a part of, is also a key shareholder as well. Excellent. Thank you, gentlemen.

7:00 Starting again, generally, we'll get into maybe some of the guts of it here in a bit, but just very generally, and Sandeep, we'll start with you, but reasons to buy copper. We'll do gold next. We'll give it a chance for the one-two punch here. But Sandeep, what is your number 1 reason to buy copper? I guess it is a simple question. Yes, look, and we are, we have a lot of both. We are Western copper and gold, we consider ourselves a copper company with a lot of a lot of gold. Depending on the day and the commodity prices you use, We could some days be Western gold and copper. But I think the thesis for gold for copper, excuse me, is fantastic. Obviously the energy transition has been driving that excitement. Some of that excitement has come off in the last little while as it is still an economic metal. It's driven by by economic factors and we've seen a pullback in China. But I think if you look past that that immediate term I think the outlook for it is tremendous.

7:59 There's still significant industrialization in the east that needs to take place.

8:04 You know, you've got a continent in India that has probably tenfold growth over, you know, into the middle of 2050, give or take, which will make up for some of that pullback in China, which does have a decreasing population. You've got continued, you know, electrification and energy transition in the West or even globally

8:24 that will continue to happen. Maybe it's slower than was expected by some but that's a march that is ongoing from a critical minerals perspective. And then just normal growth beyond that. When you tack on things like the EI race, you know, and it is a race I think between the East and the West, maybe the only race that the West is currently winning. You take any of those or any 1 and a half of those factors and you can't help but be positive about the demand side of the copper sector. And then unlike maybe the last few years where the sector did a pretty good job of meeting that from a supply perspective. New new mines coming on globally expansions globally. When you forecast out for the rest of this decade and beyond is very tough to see where that incremental supply is going to come to match. And that's what kind of really excites me. If if If there isn't a shovel in the ground somewhere now, it's really hard to kind of see where that next wave will come.

9:22 It's all basically

9:24 end of decade onwards, which is kind of where we fit, we hope. So that combination of continued march along the demand side, maybe slower than something that people expected, and the supply crunch being really tough the next time around. Especially when you think of copper, big copper projects, they tend to be bigger, the capex tends to be bigger. So if you're sitting in a boardroom and you're looking at a map in terms of where can I make multiple, or in some cases, investment decisions, unfortunately that map tends to cross countries off every year?

9:57 So having that, you know, having a project, a big Copper Gold project, you know, casino project in the Yukon in Canada, I think puts us in good stead. So that's my high level view for Copper at least. Well said. And Steve, I'll let you do a little bit of cleanup work here. Anything that in addition to what he said or anything you want to dig into in a bit more depth?

10:18 I think that the real critical thing for me right now is the supply side. The demand side is very interesting for all the reasons that Sandeep said and there are fluctuations quarter to quarter but when you take a look at the overall demand curve, it just continues to increase every year. But the quarter that we've painted ourselves into now is the supply side. It's got no easy path out and there just aren't a lot of great deposits being found or developed. And when you do find one, it takes decades to be able to get them up on the stump. So

10:54 I think that the ply crunch is coming. And that's, of course, good from a commodity price perspective for us. And I would say that all of the major Copper miners that are out there are really looking to figure out what's going to fill their pipeline over the next couple of decades.

11:13 There are a lot of junior companies like Prismo Metals that are being very carefully watched by the majors because they just can't find it within their own portfolio and they have to go and be predatory on other companies, which of course is great in our business. No, I'm sure you've all seen the same graph that I have showing the last 5 or 10 years, the market decrease in exploration dollars and discoveries in this field. So absolutely.

11:41 And David, you're representing gold, so maybe a little off base for you, but anything you want to say? Yeah, I think those are great points. And the one thing I was going to add on to is what you just mentioned. All metals, it is so hard, it takes so much time and so much money to actually make these discoveries. So when you're in a position like a Sandeep that already has an enormous deposit, The odds of cost of time of trying to replicate that again in today's dollars, it's almost unheard of. So if you can have a leg up in that scenario, these are where people as investors want to be looking.

12:15 And your point, I think, hit it exactly on the head. Like, again, with the Power 1 Group, we've been financing exploration development for over 20 years, and we've seen the full cycle from grassroots discovery right through to production and know what that takes. And with that reduction in exploration spend in the last decade, that's just

12:36 multiplying this crunch that's coming. And I think the market doesn't really know about that. Maybe they don't care about that. Maybe there's other sort of sexier things that they can invest in in the near term, like AI or whatever it is, that's fine. But from a fundamental

12:53 GDP economic perspective, materials are needed. At some point, this is all going to come to roost. And what's that going to lead to? In my view, it's going to lead to sort of phenomenally higher prices for a lot of these commodities because the supply is just not going to meet it. Right. You know, the demand, there's projections and they sort of add and flow depending on whatever the headline is for the day. But fundamentally, as Steve said, that

13:17 supply is pretty well known at this point in time. And certainly, it might be not in a position to meet the demand, even the lower sort of projected demands for a lot of commodities and copper is certainly one of them. Yeah, it's certainly not copper specific. So I'll bump it right back to you, David, if you don't mind. We'll switch gears here to gold. Reasons to buy gold. Why are you why do you think it's such a strong investment opportunity for people right now? I think there's maybe 2 questions there. 1, I would say there's a reason to buy gold. And maybe what's the reason to sort of look at gold equities? Gold, the reasons to buy gold, there's a lot of macroeconomic

13:56 reason why people issue protection of value, right?

13:59 That's something that's always been out there. It's a low risk asset. Theoretically, you know, when interest rates went down, it became less interesting. But if you look at the performance of gold and what it's done in the last 5 years,

14:14 it's performed, I think, as good or probably close as good as almost any sector and market. So it's kind of like this quiet, sleepy thing that maybe you don't really think of. And maybe investors typically don't think, how do I buy gold? It's difficult. What's nice is technology has really improved the access. There's a

14:34 lot of ways through the big Canadian banks to buy digital interest and physical gold. It makes it a lot easier not to get a bar in your store at home. But what I think is really exciting at this point in time in the market is there's been this disconnect between the performance of the commodities and the performance of the equities, especially in gold. Gold here is around $2,500, close to all-time highs. And you're just starting to see now over the last couple of months where major producers

15:05 have started to re-rate. Actually, we've done quite well. If you look at our part of the equity, it's probably doubled in the last 6 months. And what I think is starting to happen, the market center realizes, you know, there was a lot of inflation, the price of gold went up, but now the producers are starting to see true market expansion of this next leg up in the price of gold. So the extent that gold and the thesis rise, you can expect, the way it's typically worked historically, have leverage in the equities. And then as that leverage sort of matures, then typically investors will look to go to the mid-tier producer and then to the explorers and developers.

15:39 And there's actually an article in Baring this weekend, which makes us maybe see that the mainstream media is starting to fluid to this. The junior Gold explorers have never had this disconnect in equity value versus the asset value. If you look at White Gold, for example, there's a lot of other companies in a similar boat. We have this 2Moz plus deposit, phenomenal grades, and one of the best places in the world. And a lot of them are sitting at close to all-time goals of every dollar is all-time high. So you would hope

16:07 to think that torque in that is pretty appealing, or at least now starting to be more and more appealing as people are getting their head around maybe investing in gold for the reasons we discussed and looking for the more torque in that. And there's a pretty infamous

16:22 think tank, I won't say his name, in the sector. And his perspective is now, he said, I look at these junior gold names and I see 10 to 20% downside potential, but I see 10, 20 times multiple upside potential. So hopefully that starts to resonate. And you know, not everyone maybe likes that type of risk, but I think that's the real opportunity where we sit right now today, which is extremely exciting for long-term.

16:48 No, excellent. And Sandeep, I'll let you go next. Just reasons. And it's a point well made by David. Gold or gold equities. Yeah, important kind of thread to split there. But where do you want it? Where do you step in terms of reasons to buy gold or gold equities? Yeah, look, I think there's a lot. I agree with everything David said, that disconnect. If you just start back with the metal, I think it's been a slow march up. The last little move up has been maybe a bit more sudden, but if you look at gold over time, ever since it got de-pegged, you know, it's just generally inflated itself. And I think I think it's been a good performer. It's certainly a good diversifier in people's portfolios. You know, and it is that insurance, it's that hedge. You know, the problem with insurance is insurance isn't sexy to everybody. It generally means that the rest of your portfolio is not going to do particularly well, and people don't tend to want it until they really need it. But I do think people have realized that in a world where global debt levels continue to rise unabated, where the US dollar post the invasion of Ukraine has gotten somewhat weaponized where you've got, you know, eastern countries and even some western countries saying do I want all my exposure or all the exposure I have to the U.S. Dollar or do I want to protect myself? You know that you've seen that that play out.

18:06 You've seen, you know, retail owners in the East, be it China and India, start to accumulate gold. Obviously, the central banks have been buying for a long time for the previous reasons I mentioned. And I think all of a sudden you're seeing the West wake up and say, look, maybe maybe we need to own some as well, because it's certainly been underheld

18:26 by by generalist types investors, the folks in the mining space that need to own it, have owned it. But that group has been shrinking. All of a sudden, as David pointed out, you're seeing articles show up on Barron's and other places. I think generalists, if they start to dabble a little bit, it has a big impact. We've seen it in the producers. You know, that money, as David mentioned, always goes to the top, the most senior names. We haven't seen it in the development space for a long time, but eventually, you know, a healthy market does trickle down, both in terms of investor interest, but also in terms of,

19:02 you know, corporate interest, as Steve was pointing out earlier. So positive about the metal and positive about having exposure to it in the equities. Absolutely. And Steve, your thoughts? Yeah, I think that gold is going to see its day again because quite frankly, the US dollar has been having gold's lunch for the last couple of decades. And if you wanted security and safety, you went into the US dollar, but that's no longer the case. I mean, the US dollar is predicted by a lot to fall in the coming years. And so you need to find another safe haven for your investments. And I think that gold is once again going to become very topical for investors and they just haven't been there for the last little while. So it's certainly a historical

19:52 perspective, but it's one that is gonna repeat itself. It's not a trendy investment vehicle. It's 1 that's gonna be there for long-term. And I think people like that. They certainly need security these days. Yeah. Getting a bit trendier, though, I mean, when you can, when the gold bricks, the gold bars that Costco sell out as quickly as they do, I think you're seeing that,

20:14 that there are people paying attention. Absolutely. Well, I think that actually is a nice little dovetail for my follow up question here. And I don't know if I think it was open up to the floor and we can duke it out if we have to from there. But, you know, I think, David, your point was was valid, right? That, you know, the discussion of equity equities, whether it be devcos or explorecos, and the leveraged approach to their underlying commodity that they offer you obviously is a big part of this. But then the actual physical commodity itself is another question. Less so for copper, though I do know guys that stack copper, which is probably a fairly physically

20:47 large, large collection. But in terms of gold itself, though, do you think my question, maybe, you know, maybe it's a classic gold bug question, but do you need to stack physical gold or paper things like, you know, Sprott's physical gold trust?

21:05 Is that an appropriate or good enough sort of solution to that hedging or that protection that gold offers? Anybody have thoughts on that one? Yeah, I mean, look, I could start. I mean, I think there are various ways to get your exposure to gold. I think ultimately we are talking to you about scenarios where we have ounces in the ground. So ultimate protection, those ounces don't deteriorate. We're all I think of the view that they're increasing in value and going to increase in value as we de-risk them. Certainly there are other ways to kind of get get your gold exposure. I think overall everyone's

21:42 underheld. I tend to personally not want to want to kind of speculate too far out and want to have things that are backed by physical gold. There's too many instruments that are not. But yeah, certainly good ways. You know, there's no monopoly on how you can get your exposure. I think what we're what we're kind of collectively saying to you is there's a lot more leverage in owning the right equities, be it gold or copper.

22:09 It's not a 1 for 1 trade. And given how depressed the development sector has been, And honestly, it's been for a decade plus where all the money has gone out to the producing side of things. All the interest has gone there for all the right reasons, size, liquidity, you know, the ability to get it out. But eventually I think of that as kind of pressing on a spring and, you know, you keep pressing on it, keep pressing on it, eventually it lets loose. So good to see some activity

22:37 on the development space, on the M&A side, good assets getting acquired. The cupboard is bare, pretty bare on both the copper and the gold side. So, you know, we think there's a lot more torque, a lot more leverage with, you know, as mentioned earlier, it's limited, you know, you don't ever want to say no downside, but limited downside in terms of where things are, are trading from a value perspective.

23:02 My 2 cents. Well, thank you. I can pitch in on this one too. I think that, you know, short of Armageddon, it doesn't really matter how you invest, but you know, in Armageddon, you're certainly going to want to be holding the physical gold. But there's something about gold and I've got here on my desk some gold cufflinks. These are a 1915 Ducat Austrian gold coin and I'll tell you what a conversation starter. I mean gold fever is a real thing and people absolutely love physical gold.

23:37 And I don't think that you can go wrong having physical gold. It creates a little bit more risk, certainly, but physical gold is always gonna be in demand. As you can see by the premiums certainly employed for silver and gold. Maybe next question guys. Sorry David, did anything you wanted to add? No, I think those guys touched on all of it. I think probably everything else, they want a bit of a balance of different sort of exposure to different things. But depending maybe where you are in the cycle, like Sandeep said, sort of on the junior side, probably a lot of the listeners here, maybe that's where their interest is. That sort of has not seen a move yet. And that's maybe logically where the most upside and next sort of leg up would be. And this is, I don't want to get, you know, delve into the technical weeds too much, but the next question I think there's probably value, maybe even as a launch point for other conversations. But, you know, I sent you guys a graph that I pulled out and showing that there are times of very strong positive correlation and also times of very negative correlation of gold and copper spot price. And so, like I say, don't feel beholden to ask the question specifically, But I guess the topic that I'm maybe kind of rolling around on is, how do they theoretically operate at different stages of the economic cycle, copper, gold? And then maybe more to the point of the conversation that we're having so far is, does this very significant supply exploration deficit sort of overruled traditional knowledges, at least for the time being, until that gets sorted out. And David, are you

25:09 interested in maybe starting there? I'm happy to start. I don't know if this is necessarily a claim to be an expert here at all, but I would presume Dr. Copper is often tied to economic growth and prospectivity. So probably in a growing cycle, you likely see more interest there. And maybe that's the decoupling from gold, where gold, you know, in a lower interest rate environment that we're heading into now, is when you see more kind of interest leaning towards the gold side. You know, those are my sort of thoughts, not having to say admittedly, kind of further that, of any sort of confidence level that I can provide to you. No, fair enough. I guess I know it's not meant to get too kind of technically involved here, but I just thought maybe it was a cogent question.

26:04 Steve or Sandeep, any thoughts on that one? Yeah, I can provide some of my thoughts on it. I worked a lot in British Columbia where there's copper gold porphyries, much like the one that Sandeep has got in his company. And there was a lot of projects that just were not economic until the price of Gold spiked. And then suddenly there was a realization that, hey, we've got 2 commodities that are extremely valuable here. And it became very popular to have these 2 commodity assets. You know, we're not in that situation with our project down in Arizona, where we've got, you know, 90 plus percent of most of the property down there rely on their copper revenue. And I think Peter McGough put it well when he said, look, the easy way out of this question is just make sure that you have grades that are high enough you can sleep at every point in the cycle. And it does give you a little bit more assurance or security, I guess, when you've got dual commodity, your revenue projections. But yeah, I think great is still king no matter where you're at in the cycle.

27:10 Yeah, it's a good point in terms of I was going to say the same thing. I mean, you want your project to work based on conservative long term prices. And then and then if you get joy from any one of your commodities along the way, that's a good thing. I do think the fact that they're oftentimes uncorrelated is a good thing. I think that's a natural hedge for us. We don't have a company that has copper projects and gold projects. We have an asset project in casino that has both copper and gold. You mine them simultaneously. So the fact that for a long life asset, you know, when you're making large investment decisions, you have that interplay. Personally, I think the outlook for both of them is tremendous. But there's going to be periods where where the gold over contributes and periods where the copper over contributes. So I think that's a that's a safe, safer way to kind of make those types of investment decisions. The other interesting facet, I would say, is, you know, there's the there's the moves in the commodities themselves, but there's also movements in investors' interest levels and moods for the commodities and the companies that underpin them. And maybe that's an obvious statement because copper runs, people get excited about copper stocks.

28:21 But if I look back at the last several years, just say post COVID, all the interest, every conference you went to was copper dominated. Even your senior gold companies might have a half schedule and everyone in the copper space can have lunch now in the last year or so. The gold prices have run. But I think it's interesting to point out that the interest level in copper has not subsided. Yes, the copper stocks have come off and you'd expect that when the copper prices come off a dollar a pound, but the interest level remains high. And so that's why I'm confident in the outlook for both. You know, it stems from, yes, it's an economic metal, but that energy transition thematic is real. A lot of the other real you're sitting here today. You ask almost any investor would argue if you ask them for their top 2 metals that they want to be exposed to, they say gold, copper or copper in that order.

29:19 So I think you can't choose what you find, but I think all of us have companies that are well suited to take advantage of that. Well, and Steve and Sandeep, I think you both make a really good point that leads me into my next question here on the 2 metals, right? Having a kicker metal, whether it's copper gold, gold with a copper kicker or vice versa, can be a huge boon, right? As both of you, Jen, sort of referenced, right? I mean, there's financing opportunities, funding opportunities, as you referenced Sandeep, that kind of diversification, internal diversification that reduces that exposure to risk to any single commodity. But then there's also the flip side challenges in terms of flow sheets, cost of extraction, et cetera. So maybe, you know, Let's start out and David, I'll start with you again, but do you want to just discuss what are some benefits of that, to highlight or dive into some polymets or gold copper specifically benefits for projects?

30:15 Yeah, it's an interesting sort of concept where you sometimes think the more metals you have, the better and more valuable the rock. I think it's a situation of diminishing returns. 1, a byproduct. 2, you can start to add value. As it gets past that, you can have complications in the flow sheet or coverability that make projects not economic. So historically, that's typically what I've seen. I know I'm not technical, but copper and gold, that's been around for a hundred years, and maybe some silver in there, some moly, stuff like that. But it certainly can make a big difference in the economics of a project, have that type of a byproduct. Now, you never want to rely on that because of price variability, etc. And like what the guy said before, you want to be focused, I think we all are, on projects that work outside of an inflated price environment. We'll say $500, maybe it goes to $3,000, maybe it goes to $5,000, that would be wonderful. But I know with us, doing our internal studies, much, much lower prices than see it can work. So there's been a little bit of inflation, sure. But you want to be able to kind of sleep at night and not have to worry about the things out of your control that may impact your, you know, the economics of your project. So My view is some volume of metallic nature is often very positive, but too much can be a problem. Too much of a good thing. Fair enough.

31:39 Sandeep, what are your thoughts on this one? Yeah, look, I think that's the same. We talked about the benefits, you know, a lot of the benefits. The risk is always metallurgy. Risk is, you know, is are you taking away from 1 or necessarily kind of hurting your flow sheet and your recoverability of those metals by having too much of a mix. We're fortunate in that there's nothing complicated about our flow sheet, our metallurgy. You know, both the copper and the gold liberate well. You know, so so we've got high recoveries with a very simple, simple flow sheet. It just wants, you know, our rock just wants to float, which is excellent. So if you can solve that, really, then it's real value in the rock. If it starts to take away, that's your problem. I think the other kind of element that we haven't talked about, I don't think we've talked about, is, you know, invariably, you know, that copper exposure, if it's in the same deposit as the gold or even on its own, it tends to result in higher or longer, excuse me, mine life. You know, your typical gold asset, a lot shorter mine life than your typical copper asset. You know, that longevity is something that's important when you see the 2 come together. The other thing for us, which is important, is, you know, we're a small company with a big project.

32:58 You know, we don't see ourselves today or any version of ourselves today as the builder of that project, we're stewards of value to de-risk it and for all of our stakeholders. But that mix is important in that we have, I mentioned a couple of copper names that have equity ownership in us that have expressed interest. But once you get to a certain size of the gold space, like once you become a gold senior or even intermediate above, it gets very, very troubling or very hard to continue to grow in the pure gold space because the assets, you know, the assets just tend to be smaller. It's tough to find a gold mine that even does 200,000 ounces a year, let alone what's needed to kind of move the needle. And that's why you've seen essentially all those senior companies and even some of the intermediates pivot to copper, some in massive ways, some dipping their toes, but that's where you end up. Like it or not, you're gonna need that exposure to grow the companies if you wanna stay the size that you are.

33:59 So that's another benefit of that exposure. We've got a project that, as I said, depending on the day, could be Western Copper and Gold or Western Gold and Copper. So I think in terms of our ultimate end point, that adds some optionality to the types of people we can deal with. The other thing in terms of just getting the social license that is required anywhere, but in particular in Canada and the Yukon, to see one of these projects advance, you know, having a critical minerals aspect to your project matters. And so we're fortunate that we have such a big critical minerals project in Canada. It's Canada's largest, depending on the parameters you use, largest critical minerals project.

34:45 And that's a message that works. It works with our effective First Nations, I would argue. It works with regulators and the government and hopefully with investors as well. No, thank you. Steve, any thoughts on the benefits or challenges that multiple metal, dual metal, polymethane can provide for companies? Yeah, I mean, 2 of our 3 projects are pretty much single commodity. We've got a project in the heart of the Arizona Copper belt, which is definitely, you know, most of the projects down there are definitely dominated by Copper revenue. And then we've got a Gold project down in Mexico, but the Las Pavitos, sorry, not the Las Pavitos project, that's the Gold 1 in Sonora State. In Sinaloa State, we've got the Palos Verdes project, which is in the Panaco district and our highest-grade intercepts there are about half value in Gold and half in Copper, half Gold and half in Silver. I'm sorry.

35:42 And so obviously we're going to be very focused on continuing to expand and pursue the Gold-rich part of the system because those end up being the highest grades. We see it as being a very positive thing, where you've got, and we believe that it's actually one mineralized system on top of the other one. And it's just added value to what was already a great bonanza, great prospect. Now it's got this additional complication that makes it even higher value. So we see it as being very positive. It doesn't do much in terms of complicating the metallurgy as far as we can tell. Excellent. So next question here, it's going to be around strategizing company building itself.

36:30 Gold, Copper commodities prone to large price swings. And as we've referenced, you get to that kind of 90th percentile or bottom of the tenth percentile kind of price lows that can really start to sink or swim a lot of projects and being able to survive those downswings are key to making your money on the upswings. But given that volatility in both copper and gold, are there strategies or how do you go about sort of shielding yourself and your company and your project timelines to ensure that profitability and resilience to get through those downswings? And Sandeep, I'll ask you to go first on this one. Yeah, it's an interesting question. I mean, I think, you know, you have to have a vision of what you want your company to be. You know, it's hard, you don't wanna be chasing a fad or something that's trendy. These are these projects. I think Steve made the point earlier, they move slowly. It's slow, slow to unlock value, get to get to your next catalyst. You can't exactly forecast what the world is going to look like at that specific point in time. So I think you have to have a vision for what it is you want to achieve. For us, that's provide exposure to copper and gold in a good jurisdiction.

37:41 And, you know, we're fortunate that the outlook looks as positive as it does. You know, it wasn't always the case. There was a decade for us in the 2010s where, you know, copper was going from 450 to 250, pretty much in a straight line. And that was a decade of asset preservation, if you want to call it that, where there wasn't enough equity to really move the project forward. And then the last 3 or 4 years, it's been the complete reverse. So, I think it's more about, where do you think you can add value? What you find has a lot to do with it. You poke holes in the ground. You obviously have a bias of what you're looking for, but ultimately the rocks dictate. You know, they won't change because something's trendy. So, I look at it as more, you know, what is your company? What are you trying to be? What's the project that you have? And then you look at the outlook for that going forward. You know, for me, I joined this company 6 months ago and when I was looking at what I wanted to do in the next phase of my career, you know, it was very clear that I wanted to be in copper. I thought that the runway, I'm talking 5, 10, 15 years plus, you know, forever, but certainly in that timeframe, the outlook for copper is exceptional and copper and gold is even better for all the reasons we've talked about. And then copper and gold in Canada, I thought was best. And so that's what drove me to where we are, where I am. And that's how I kind of think about how to position yourself, if you will. It's a long

39:12 term decision. It's a long term game. Excellent. Well, Thank you for that answer. Steve, what are your thoughts? Anything to contribute to that one? Well, you mentioned the word resilience and I think that resilience, you have to really be thinking about 2 things. Number 1, the political stability of the jurisdiction that you're working in. And if you go to a place that's tends to be dangerous, then you're going to potentially be in a situation where the political winds might shift and harm your ability to move the project forward. Whereas if you're in a good, stable jurisdiction with political stability, you're going to be able to weather the cycles and be able to move your way forward. The second component that we really need to look at is trade and you gotta start in the right address. So you wanna be in a place where you're going to be able to find the type of deposit that is going to be resilient in the long run. I don't think that you want to be searching for deposits where the grades are known to be low and small. You want to be in a place like the Arizona Copper Belt where you've got large deposits that are known to be long-lived assets.

40:29 Well said. And Dave, any additional thoughts there? Yes, I think just to add on to what Steve was saying, when you're looking at companies or when you're in this business, you wanna have prizes that are big enough with enough cushion that can manage the cyclicality. Which I think the only one thing we can predict is that there will be some sort of cyclicality. We don't know how long or how intense. And you want to ensure that it's not so borderline, we can come in and out of favor and understand what your products are and what your long-term forecast might be. And grade is again, coming back to grade here, hugely important. That's sort of what I love so much about the Northern Articore deposit flagship that the grade is phenomenal. And other opportunities, When you have a huge district like we do, it opens the door to other metals.

41:20 Especially in the last 5 years, a lot of these critical metals have come out of nowhere, a lot of geopolitical reasons, tariffs and export restrictions that have brought things into the forefront. So if that can be done, I'm going to rely on that. That can be very important. I know from our perspective, we have, I think, one of the largest soil geochemical databases on the planet, just from the work that Sean Ryan has done in the last 10 plus years. And we have gone back through that now. And there are metal occurrences that nobody cared about 5 or 7 years ago. Now, these are highly interesting. Is there a mine there? Should we be drilling it? Possibly. It might make sense, right? We're a gold company first. But Another prime example is we have a couple of projects, we're just neighboring Sandeep on part of our portfolio and these have big copper, gold signatures, similar to what he has. So you want to be in the right place. They obviously have their casino project and the best place to find new deposits in their existing deposits.

42:20 So you see these Copper anomalies, they're very close by and hey, that's something that's very interesting now too. So these have come in, we've only been Gold type of folks, we still are, I mean, But now this is of interest for a lot of reasons. We're not chasing a headline because copper's coming to bull. Copper's there, it's for real. It's in the right area, it's in the right rocks. You have a case study. And I think that is a wise investment decision. So these are all factors you want to take into consideration when you're looking at projects. Well said. I mean, even just as a private investor, you look at things with size of the potential to get to a certain size as well, that all the requisite risks that come along with investing in this space. If you go back- Yeah, we're kind of sort of cushioned, you know, like right now, most of the gold projects out there, like we talked about earlier, they're very depressed. We trade, they're trading about $20, $30 an ounce in the ground versus, you know, historic norms, maybe double or triple that, but before gold prices, you know, 10, you know, 100 times that, right? And we're talking about gold here. Yeah, exactly. Right, but yeah, so it does matter. It is a shield.

43:25 We will transition to just to have some company specific questions here. And I see that there's some good questions coming in. I'll just encourage the audience here, right, last call, so to speak, for questions. Maybe I'll, there's some that could fit in here, but I'll hold off to the end, I'll ask them all at once. So we will transition to our last category here, which is just, like I say, a few questions for these guys, they're company specific. And Dave, I'll let you lead this one off. With the recent expansion of the gold and silver anomaly at the QB property, how do you plan to incorporate copper exploration or extraction into your gold focused projects? And then I guess, follow up or tangent there is, what potential do you see for a dual resource extraction in your current or future operations? Yeah, that's for me. I jumped the gun on that question with what I just said.

44:14 But so On that particular property you just mentioned, just for some context, we have a new gold anomaly that was just discovered in the last year or so. What's really exciting about that is it's quite near our flagship deposit. Like I said, best place to find a deposit is near an existing deposit. It's on the same trend. And having done more and more work, we see what led to the success. We really do feel like we've cracked the code for this district of the Yukon and we're very perspective about what that could lead to. And we're now starting to drill. But that, by the nature of what we saw in soil geochemistry, it is a gold target. Now, it's multi-elemental, when you're looking for pathfinders, some of those are non-stoichiometric metals, but that helps tell you where the gold is, and that's gold. So, the idea of how are we gonna look for copper in that particular project, that's not maybe as relevant. But my point was before, we do have an opportunity, we're fortunate with this very minerally robust area of Canada, that there are a lot of other economic elements in the area. We know there's great copper deposits. Obviously, you mentioned Sandeep's is a prime example of that. We have properties that are very nearby. So it's not so much within the same core body looking for multi-elements, but within our portfolio, we're looking for multi-elements.

45:30 So, you know, back to what I already said, I love our company because we have the defined resources that's growing. That's, you know, the meat and potatoes, the sexy blue sky exploration. And something that's come more into the fold in the last couple of years is the opportunity to make discoveries in other elements like copper, zinc, linden, and potentially etc. We haven't done as much work on those, but for sure the copper gold opportunity on those porphyry lifting targets is something that's very, very interesting to us as well. Excellent. And Sandeep, I'll hand it over to you here. Your question being, you've got a big project, big NPV, big capital requirements. How do you go about making that happen and actually executing that into fulfillment as a smaller company? Yeah, we do get that question from time to time. I think a couple of things I would say is, you know, the way I tend to focus people on is the economics.

46:26 So forget us for a moment. Are the economics of the project meaningful? And I think anyway, you slice it they are. This is a set of globally significant project, the endorsements that we've received from the folks I mentioned, I think underpin that or emphasize that. So The project itself I think is absolutely buildable. All the qualitative aspects, as I mentioned earlier, the elevation, the clean metallurgy, It's just works from a lot of the low strip ratio. There's a lot going for it. So that's the first question, whether we on a standalone basis can or should build it and operate it. Obviously you look at a $300 million Western copper and gold and scoff, and that's fair. We don't make any bones about that today, but we do think our standalone plan is real as well. We don't have a forced sale sign on the company. Our job is to show that we can move this project through assessment and then permitting that we can build a social license to build this mine in the Yukon and that it can be done for the benefit of everyone. And we legitimately do believe that. We think or we wouldn't be pushing it forward.

47:45 You know, this is a project that can, as a mine, start to change the legacy of the Yukon from a mining perspective. It's generational. It can do a lot of good for the territory, the country, for that energy transition. So that's in terms of the economics. So back to your specific question and the reasons why we're pushing, you know, David mentioned, you can spend all your time or I'm paraphrasing, but he said something, you know, to me, you can spend all your time working on something small or you can then spend all your time working on something big and important. And we've chosen the latter. So our job, though, more specifically, as I said, is to de-risk it. We're funded to do that. We've got a very strong balance sheet, which is another way you protect investors. Back to your previous comment. And we believe that as we show people that there is a pathway to permitting here and that there is support for it in the Yukon, that we can go claw that considerable value, that fundamental value that we're not getting credit for today.

48:46 So that's our focus. How far down that track do we need to take it before we start getting credit for it? I don't know. We'll find out. But we're first set, our eyes are kind of first set on the environmental assessment phase that we're in now. And And I think that's a major de-risking element for us. So that's our job. I would say to you, when I get the question, I would say, you know, I think the risk reward for building mines, unfortunately, we've seen it time and time again, is skewed. So you need the right people to build minds, need them to have the right balance sheet, need them to have the right technical capability to buffer the risks that are involved. And this is a project that, you know, again, has already solicited interest for some of those types of groups and others as well. So that's our objective is to de-risk it, show the true value of it, and get that value for our shareholders and our stakeholders along the way.

49:44 Excellent. Thank you. And then, Steve, your question, Prismal has recently acquired historical data for your Hot Breccia project. I'm gonna guess that's provided you some insights into your geological model. I guess, can you just touch on that? How has that informed your exploration strategy? How has that informed or influenced your understanding of what's going on subsurface? How does that maybe inform your plans for drilling as well? Yeah. Well, we were talking earlier about the Copper market and how the discovery rate for Copper deposits has dropped down to almost 0. And the reason for that is all those big, fat, juicy porphyry sticking out on surface have largely been found. And so the next generation of discoveries we think is going to be ones like Resolution. Resolution, the top of the deposit is 1.2 kilometers below surface, but it's an absolute giant. It's 1.6 billion tons of 1.6% copper. So very worthwhile target, but difficult to find.

50:38 You have to think of this as a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle where you have to use every piece of information that you can garner to be able to inform your model so that you can explore effectively, you know, these deep drill holes are not cheap. And so we were actually able to go out and find a historic database that contained information that we weren't privy to previously and that included one of the drill holes from a 1970s drill program in the area that had all the assays with it and the detailed geological description. And that's absolutely invaluable to us. And the alteration minerals that we see in the core. The core has been destroyed so we can't go back and look at the core. But we've got this wonderful drill log now that we can do a lot with. And we've also got interpretation from the geologist who did his master's thesis in the area and then along the core as well. So his interpretation of the model in the area, it's helped us realize that the copper distribution on surface is a lot greater than we previously realized.

51:46 So we incorporate that into our model. One of the things we're doing is using an AI company in California to reinterpret our geophysical results from 2023. And before we ran that on the computer, which is happening right now, by the way, their computer program is actually running as we speak. And we've updated the model that was an input into that process with that recently found database. So it's really critical to use every piece of information that we can, and we feel very privileged that we were able to find that database. Yeah, absolutely, hopefully. We are down to officially investor questions here. Thank you, gentlemen, for your time. Just a few left here and I'll again, I'll encourage people to get them in if you can. I think we probably have a full suite as is. I'll just run through them chronologically here and they are open floor when they can be, some are very company specific. This one though is reference to Steve, but I'll let Steve lead it off. But obviously Dave and Sandy feel free to chime in afterwards.

52:45 Robert's asking you, Steve, if you have a pair of Bitcoin cufflinks as well. Point being is how do we attract those risk reward investors back to commodity exploration when right now kind of cryptocurrency is eating our collective lunch a bit in that regard? Yeah, yeah, that's very true. You know, you'll recall 4 years ago, the marijuana companies were having our lunch because the venture capital investments were going into marijuana companies. Not too much of that going on anymore. They've come back to mining. Cryptocurrency is having our lunch a little bit these days but I'm emboldened by hearing Warren Buffett say that eventually Bitcoin will realize its true value which is 0 and you know it may or may not be I'm not an expert in that sort of thing. So I don't know if it's going to be a long-term investment vehicle or not. But what I do know is mining will always be here to stay because we need mining. We need the copper, gold, silver to come out of the mines. And scarcity that results from a lack of venture capital going into that sector eventually solves the problem.

53:59 The commodity prices go up and it drives the investment. So we'll be here for the long term. And I have a feeling that my gold cuff links will outlast any Bitcoin cuff links. Sandy or Dave, I guess, open floor on this one. Any thoughts. Sure. Look I echo that. I will say though that you know it shows that that excitement for Bitcoin that ebbs and flows obviously. It shows that people are looking for alternatives to holding kind of fiat currencies. I think it speaks to the narrative. Some have chosen Bitcoin to do that. Obviously, they've done a good job speaking to kind of that millennium, and whatever comes after millennial audience. But we need to do a better job as miners to kind of make ourselves more relevant to that space as well. So I think there's something we can learn from that in terms of how we just get our message out there.

54:55 Because, you know, just the traditional channels maybe aren't enough anymore. So we all have to kind of get better and evolve. I do think ultimately in the fullness of time, Steve's right, but you wanna be right every day, not only in the end. So yeah, we'll try to kind of go and capture that, but it does swing. I mean, it's back to that analogy of the spring I mentioned, it's only so long you can push on it. But I do think it's a good thing that people are open to looking for those alternatives, and hopefully we as a sector can provide them with a good one. Excellent. Yeah, that's a great point. There's a lot of new sort of products in the market that could be considered competition. So we need to be mindful of that. That's our job as CEOs and by our teams to ensure that we understand what's going on, where the audits are going, What's made those other sectors more appealing?

55:49 I think a lot of big part of what Steve said, there's been other products that have taken up the oxygen in the room, but these things are sort of penny limbs. A lot of them sort of came and went very quickly and there's a lot of destruction out of that but you know this is something fundamental and then I think it's also important to just make sure we're addressing the narrative and for whatever reason sometimes your mind gets painted as a dirty industry but you know is that accurate Maybe there's been issues in the past. You know, maybe there's hopefully, you know, people have learned from that and things are being done better, which is fundamentally important. I think all of us here promote proper social license and doing things the right way for the right reasons. But, you know, people also need to remember if you have goals of decarbonization and less pollution in the world, there is mining as a part of that solution. Right.

56:40 Mining is not a problem to that. So doing it responsibly is going to help facilitate and accelerate these other goals, which are core to a lot of people. And a lot of people may not understand that the correlation to each other. And so. Excellent. And just there's time for one more question here. So I apologize for a couple of people that didn't have time to get theirs in. Please feel free to reach out to myself, these individuals. I know that a couple of IR guys have put their email addresses up. So please follow through with the companies at your will, as you will. But 1 from Tom here, I thought was kind of an interesting one, we'll end on this, is just a question around the view of metal equivalent reporting. You just said that he had a major quote, gold property to him and copper equivalent. And he's just wondering, you know, when does it make sense, when doesn't it make sense, I think is the thrust of it. And Dave, I'll let you lead off there.

57:35 I think it's fine. Right. You know, it makes people as long as you have the detail behind it available for people to sort of drill down further into, you know, make sense. You know, Power 1 were involved with a company in Columbia, Collective Mining. They have a phenomenal discovery and it's primarily gold. There's a lot of copper, but if you break it up, it's hard to understand. They announce it in gold equipment, but they do show all the different components that go into there and there are resources out there that can help you break it down and make that available. You want to make it digestible for investors but able to have available more information as you want. I think people over time for that case example, they realize this is an enormous resource and it's got these couple of important multi-elements and not too many and it's worked off for them well.

58:26 You don't want to be deceptive, but I think it's just for ease of interpretation. I think that's pretty reasonable. They just provide all necessary details. Are you fair enough, Sandy? Yeah, same. I think the devil's in the details there. I mean, it's a fair way to distill things and, and make it easier to understand at the end of the day, all these, you know, grams per ton or percentages, they turn into dollars or they should turn into dollars. That's, that's, yeah, you're trying to get, understand what the value of the rock is versus, you know, essentially what the cutoff grade might be. So I think it's fair, but the one thing, 1 add on I would add is, all of these different metals may have different recoveries as we talked about earlier. So that's one thing you can get lost in is if you're just taking, just doing pure equivalent and you don't keep an eye on, well, is that portion of the equivalence recoverable or not? You also don't want to take, you want to do your equivalent, obviously, I forget the exact question, but you want to do your equivalence in the dominant metal, as opposed to turning a lithium project into a copper equivalent project, forth just because it's a sexy term.

59:43 Yeah, I think that highlights some of the risks are pretty effectively for sure, Sandeep. Steve, final thoughts to you here as we kind of right up to the end of the hour. Yeah, you know, I'm not gonna give you a long answer. I think that David and Sandeep did a great job of covering the subject. I'll just reinforce what David was saying that transparency is critical so that people can actually see what is going into the calculation for the equivalency and making sure that the metallurgy backs it up. No, excellent. Well, we are on the hour here, gents. So thank you to the audience, everyone who tuned in. I apologize if I didn't get to your questions. Otherwise, Steve, Sandeep and David, thank you very much. 3 strong companies. Thank you

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Speaker profile Matthew Mickleborough

Matthew Mickleborough

Founder, Writer & Analyst at Junior Resource Investing

Matthew Mickleborough, the founder, writer, and analyst of Junior Resource Investing, is praised for his technical yet engaging interview style that extracts nuanced insights from company executives, providing his audience with a thorough understanding of mining and exploration projects beyond traditional sources. As an outsider to the industry, he places a great amount of weight on executive transparency and honesty and works to foster that in his work, ensuring his audience gains genuine and reliable perspectives on investment opportunities.

Speaker profile Sandeep Singh

Sandeep Singh

CEO at Western Copper and Gold

Sandeep Singh joined Western Copper and Gold as CEO in February 2024. He was previously the President and CEO of Osisko Gold Royalties where he led a successful turnaround of the company resulting in significant relative outperformance. For the fifteen years prior, Mr. Singh was an investment banker focusing on the North American metals and mining sector with BMO Capital Markets, Dundee Securities, and ultimately co-founding Maxit Capital, a leading independent M&A firm. He has advised numerous mining companies on financing alternatives and strategic matters as well as having acted on some of the most complex and value-enhancing M&A transactions in the mining sector. Mr. Singh holds a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree from Concordia University and a Masters of Business Administration degree from Oxford University.

Speaker profile David D'Onofrio

David D'Onofrio

CEO & Director at White Gold Corp.

David has over a decade of experience in corporate finance and capital markets with a focus on the natural resource sector. As an executive with the PowerOne Group he has developed a depth of knowledge in representing, advising, and assisting emerging companies in accessing capital, advising on mergers and acquisitions and managing their businesses. David is a Chartered Professional Accountant and has also served in a variety of executive roles and director positions to a wide array of private and public enterprises.

Speaker profile Steve Robertson

Steve Robertson

President at Prismo Metals

Steve Robertson has 35 years of mining industry related experience, largely focused on precious metals and copper exploration in North America. He has co-founded and managed several mining exploration companies. As CEO of Infinitum Copper, he guided the company through a public listing and acquisition of projects in Sonora, Mexico and Arizona, USA. Prior to that, he started Sun Metals where the team made a significant copper-gold discovery and completed two corporate mergers. Earlier, he spent 24 years at Imperial Metals, a mid-tier mining company involved in the development and operation of five mines, primarily in British Columbia. In 2013 Steve was appointed as Vice President, Corporate Affairs with responsibilities including government relations, community relations, aboriginal affairs and corporate communications. As a member of the executive team, he was actively engaged in the planning and execution of strategies to meet Imperial’s corporate objectives, including the construction of the Red Chris mine and recovery from the Mount Polly tailings dam breach. Prior to his VP appointment he was Manager of Exploration where he designed and executed many exploration programs including the highly successful deep drilling at Red Chris. Over a five-year period of drilling, the global resource was increased to a contained 24 million ounces of gold and 16 billion pounds of copper. With three and a half decades of experience in exploration and mine operations he has always been actively engaged within the mining community and recently completed his third term as director for the Association for Mineral Exploration and formerly sat on the Geoscience BC Technical Advisory Committee. Mr. Robertson was awarded the 2016 E.A. Scholz Award for Excellence in Mine Development for his leadership role in development of the Red Chris mine.

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