Terramin Australia Limited · ASX:TZN

Terramin Australia — Technical Presentation (December 2016)

67 slides from Terramin Australia's technical presentation, Dec 8, 2016

Slide 1: Community Technical Workshop: Blasting and Geotechnical
TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA LIMITED COMMUNITY TECHNICAL WORKSHOP Blasting and Geotechnical 8th Dec 2016
Slide 2: Overview
Overview  Introduction  Tunnel Construction Cycle (Joe Ranford, Terramin Australia)  Vibration and Blasting Impacts (SAROS Group, Tony Zoitas)  Geotechnical considerations (MiningOne, Ben Roache)  Seismicity  Subsidence  Question and Answer TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA LIMITED SLIDE No. 2
Slide 3: Introduction
Introduction  Community Technical Workshops  Ground Water Meeting  Blasting and Geotechnical  Visual amenity  Dust and Noise  Other topics of interest  Core concerns related to blasting/geotech:  Contamination inc. mixing aquifers  Impact to bore water quality  Clogging bore with silt  Cl
Slide 4: TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA LIMITED SLIDE No. 4
TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA LIMITED SLIDE No. 4
Slide 5: Development Cycle
Development Cycle  Drill  Blast/Charge  Bog/Muck  Support  Map  Repeat TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA LIMITED SLIDE No. 5
Slide 6: Cut and Fill Mining
Cut and Fill Mining Designed Lift 4 TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA LIMITED SLIDE No. 6
Slide 7: Drilling holes for explosives
Drilling holes for explosives  Twin boom drills on articulated carrier – Jumbo  ~60 holes per face  2.5m – 3.5m depth  45mm diameter  Potential Concerns  Vibration  Fracture propagation  Mitigation Strategies  Proximity  Clay cover – Natural dampening  Geotechnical modelling  Design TERR
Slide 8: Blasting/Charging
Blasting/Charging  Detonator  Sequential firing  Not all at once  Primer  Explosive (4kg/hole)  ANFO – Ammonium Nitrate – Diesel (~5%)  AN Emulsion  Perimeter holes  Decoupled  Limits impact on walls  Limits fracture propagation TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA LIMITED SLIDE No. 8
Slide 9: Rock Breakage
Rock Breakage  Explosion crushes rock  <100mm  Shock wave cracks rock −𝐵 𝑅  𝑉=𝐾 𝑄  Expanding gasses spread <1m cracks  Area of influence <1m TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA LIMITED SLIDE No. 9
Slide 10: Blasting/Charging Cont.
Blasting/Charging Cont.  Perimeter holes  Decoupled  Limits impact on walls  Limits fracture propagation  Path of least resistance  Potential Impacts  Ground vibration  Excess damage to rock  Mitigation Strategies  Proximity Design Perimeter  Blast designs  Monitoring and reporting TERRA
Slide 11: Slide 11
Slide 12: Bogging/Mucking and Haulage
Bogging/Mucking and Haulage  10 t/bucket  ~200t per cut  Loaded directly into trucks  Stockpiled  Potential Concerns  Surface noise  Dust  Mitigation Strategies  Mostly underground  Equipment Selection/modification  Noise barriers (vegetation screens)  Dust suppression TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA
Slide 13: Ground Support
Ground Support  Ground Support  Rock bolts (2.4m-3m)  Cable bolts (6m)  Surface Support  High Tensile Mesh  Fiber reinforced shotcrete  Potential Concerns  Instability/subsidence  Mitigation Strategies  Appropriate installation/regular audits  MiningOne TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA LIMITED SLIDE No
Slide 14: Discussion of Proposed Blasting Activities – Bird in Hand Project
Discussion of Proposed Blasting Activities – Bird in Hand Project 8th December 2016 T Zoitsas
Slide 15: Introduction
Introduction Tony Zoitsas • B App Sc (Hons) Geology • Director of Saros (International) Pty Ltd • Independent specialists in blasting and vibration • 20 years experience in blasting and vibration consulting and instrumentation systems • Member of the AusIMM • Member of the IQA • Vice President of th
Slide 20: Why Blast?
Why Blast? Blasting activities are required to facilitate the excavation of rock in areas where this can not be achieved by mechanical methods alone The two phases of the mining operation which require the utilisation of drill and blast practices include: • Development of the Decline / Access Drives
Slide 21: Explosive Reaction
Explosive Reaction Ammonium Fuel Nitrogen Carbon Water Nitrate Dioxide + + + 3NH4NO3 CH2 3N2 CO2 7H2O Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 21
Slide 22: Detonation
Detonation Detonation Front Shock waves Unconsumed Expanding gases product and vapour Direction of burning Typical VoD - ~4,500 to 6,000 m/s Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 22
Slide 23: Scales of Blasting
Scales of Blasting Blasting activities can be adjusted in accordance with the specific site requirements and constraints From small scale activities in highly sensitive locations Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 23
Slide 24: Scales of Blasting
Scales of Blasting Blasting activities can be adjusted in accordance with the specific site requirements and constraints To large scale mining operations Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 24
Slide 25: Blasting Impacts
Blasting Impacts Ground Vibration Air Overpressure Controls Controls • Rock type • Burden to free face • Explosive quantity • Uncharged collar length • Explosive type • Explosive quantity • Degree of Confinement • Explosive type • Initiation timing • Rock type • Initiation timing • Number of holes C
Slide 28: Development Blasting
Development Blasting Final profile Design profile Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 28
Slide 29: Compliance Requirements
Compliance Requirements With respect to blasting activities, the typical compliance limits that the Bird in Hand Mine would be required to comply with are as follows: • Ground Vibration – Not to exceed 5mm/s for 95% of occasions, with an upper limit of 10mm/s • Air Overpressure – Not to exceed 115dB
Slide 30: Compliance Requirements
Compliance Requirements • These limits are in line with the Australian Standards and are adopted by most state regulatory authorities • Australian blasting compliance limits are amongst the most stringent in the world • Both ground vibration and air overpressure limits are based on human comfort cri
Slide 32: Displacement
Displacement 4.16mm/s Vibration 5 3 1 Vibration -1 -3 -5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Displacement 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 Displacement -0.005 -0.01 -0.015 14 microns -0.02 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 32
Slide 33: Displacement
Displacement Blast induced displacement in perspective: • Blast – 14 microns • Thickness of a human hair – ~30 microns • Sheet of Paper – 100 microns • Thermal Effects on Residential Dwelling – up to 2000 microns Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 33
Slide 36: Environmental Effects
Environmental Effects Peak overpressure levels from wind 115dBL blast limit Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 36
Slide 37: Controlled Blasting
Controlled Blasting Pre-tensioned concrete • 32,000,000 Lt • 18 metres high • 56 metres dia • 20 metres away Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 37
Slide 38: Controlled Blasting
Controlled Blasting Concerns related to: • Horizontal plane within walls • Vertical wall joints • Floor joints Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 38
Slide 39: Controlled Blasting
Controlled Blasting Floor joints were the main concern Joints were keyed in and grouted Hydrophyllic Seal Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 39
Slide 44: Contact Saros for more information
Contact Saros for more information: 1300 327 347 e: experts@saros.com.au www.saros.com.au BRISBANE t: +61 7 3367 3400 3/11 Parkview St MILTON QLD 4064 Copyright © Saros (International) Pty Ltd 44
Slide 45: Bird-in-Hand Mine Geotechnical Engineering
Bird-in-Hand Mine Geotechnical Engineering
Slide 46: Introduction
Introduction  Ben Roache, BAppSci, BEng  Member Engineers Australia  Chartered Engineer, CPEng  Currently the Geotechnical Manager with Mining One Consultants  About 20 years experience in the mining and civil industries, covering underground mining/tunneling, open pit mines and civil projects
Slide 47: Geotechnical Engineering - Summary
Geotechnical Engineering - Summary 1. Ground support design 2. Surface subsidence 3. Earthquakes 4. Mine induced seismicity 47
Slide 48: Key concepts
Key concepts  Mining method  Ground support  Underground void sizes  Filling of the mine  Subsidence types  Seismicity types 48
Slide 49: Ground Support Design
Ground Support Design  What is ground support? 49
Slide 50: Ground Support Design
Ground Support Design  What is ground support? 50
Slide 51: Ground Support Design
Ground Support Design  What do we need it to do?  Maintain a safe work place.  Maintain areas accessible for mining activities. 51
Slide 52: Ground Support Design
Ground Support Design  How do we design it?  Experience – lessons learnt over time.  Understanding the geology and the expected ground conditions. Every mine location is different.  Empirical techniques. Another experience based design tool.  Kinematic wedge assessments.  Numerical tools, such
Slide 53: Surface Subsidence
Surface Subsidence  There are many causes of ground surface subsidence, but we will most often experience change in ground surface level due to:  Excavating a hole and then filling it in, but not compacting the material.  Seasonal fluctuations in groundwater level.  Sinkholes – always in the new
Slide 54: Old Workings in the Adelaide Hills
Old Workings in the Adelaide Hills  There is a significant amount of old mine workings in the Adelaide Hills.  Old timers didn’t fill many of their mine workings. Voids were commonly left open.  Shafts were often filled with rubbish or unconsolidated fill. Often capped poorly with wooden sleepers
Slide 55: Subsidence Examples
mining one Subsidence Examples Y
Slide 56: Subsidence Examples
Subsidence Examples 56
Slide 57: Subsidence Examples
——— SE = mining Subsidence Examples {i We' re going to need a huge removal van! t Aa ~ Sweden i is forced to move a whole CITY i ieee _ after mining caused massive cracks ° } .% city centre ae ~~ « Kiruna in Sweden's far north is being relocated to new land two miles east \ * Decision was taken in 2
Slide 58: Mine Related Subsidence – common types
Mine Related Subsidence – common types  Continuous 58
Slide 59: Mine Related Subsidence – common types
Mine Related Subsidence – common types  Discontinuous 59
Slide 60: Case Study – Waihi NZ
<gtriring one Consultants, Case Study — Waihi NZ se Whangapoua ; Matakana pl Island
Slide 61: Case Study – Waihi NZ
Case Study – Waihi NZ  Mining methods – filling as they mine. Corenso orebody is using a cut and fill mining method, and has been demonstrated to not cause failure to surface.  Numerous technical reports available on the internet on the technical assessment for this mine.  Mining One acts as a re
Slide 62: Subsidence - What about BIH?
Subsidence - What about BIH?  Mining method is important 62
Slide 63: Subsidence - What about BIH?
Subsidence - What about BIH?  Extent of void? 63
Slide 64: Underground Mining Related Surface Subsidence at BIH
Underground Mining Related Surface Subsidence at BIH  Key point – there will be only small voids opened during mining, and left following mining. Fill is placed as they mine.  The voids left underground with this mining method will not be able to propagate to surface. Failed “material bulks and ch
Slide 65: Natural Earthquakes
Natural Earthquakes  We do not expect naturally occurring earthquakes to impact on the mine, or cause instability in the mine, or on the surface.  During a 5 year mine life, there is a 10% chance of exceedance of a 0.0057g earthquake. This is a minor amount of shaking and not associated with any d
Slide 66: Mining Induced Seismicity
Mining Induced Seismicity  The mine is relatively shallow.  The dimensions of the mine are small.  The blast sizes will be small.  The natural energy in the ground around the mine is not at an intensity for mine induced seismicity to commence. 66
Slide 67: Question and Answers
Question and Answers  Presentation on website  Questions to:  bih@terramin.com.au  Hotline (08) 8536 8010 TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA LIMITED SLIDE No. 67

Terramin Australia — Technical Presentation (December 2016) on 6ix

Terramin Australia — Technical Presentation (December 2016)

Slide 1: Community Technical Workshop: Blasting and Geotechnical

Slide 2: Overview

Slide 3: Introduction

Slide 4: TERRAMIN AUSTRALIA LIMITED SLIDE No. 4

Slide 5: Development Cycle

Slide 6: Cut and Fill Mining

Slide 7: Drilling holes for explosives

Slide 8: Blasting/Charging

Slide 9: Rock Breakage

Slide 10: Blasting/Charging Cont.

Slide 11: Slide 11

Slide 12: Bogging/Mucking and Haulage

Slide 13: Ground Support

Slide 14: Discussion of Proposed Blasting Activities – Bird in Hand Project

Slide 15: Introduction

Slide 16: Project Overview

Slide 17: Decline Development

Slide 18: Production Blasting

Slide 19: Production Blasting

Slide 20: Why Blast?

Slide 21: Explosive Reaction

Slide 22: Detonation

Slide 23: Scales of Blasting

Slide 24: Scales of Blasting

Slide 25: Blasting Impacts

Slide 26: Development Blasting

Slide 27: Development Blasting

Slide 28: Development Blasting

Slide 29: Compliance Requirements

Slide 30: Compliance Requirements

Slide 31: Vibration Impacts

Slide 32: Displacement

Slide 33: Displacement

Slide 34: Air Overpressure

Slide 35: Air Overpressure

Slide 36: Environmental Effects

Slide 37: Controlled Blasting

Slide 38: Controlled Blasting

Slide 39: Controlled Blasting

Slide 40: Monitoring Systems

Slide 41: Monitoring Systems

Slide 42: Analysis and Interpretation

Slide 43: Questions

Slide 44: Contact Saros for more information

Slide 45: Bird-in-Hand Mine Geotechnical Engineering

Slide 46: Introduction

Slide 47: Geotechnical Engineering - Summary

Slide 48: Key concepts

Slide 49: Ground Support Design

Slide 50: Ground Support Design

Slide 51: Ground Support Design

Slide 52: Ground Support Design

Slide 53: Surface Subsidence

Slide 54: Old Workings in the Adelaide Hills

Slide 55: Subsidence Examples

Slide 56: Subsidence Examples

Slide 57: Subsidence Examples

Slide 58: Mine Related Subsidence – common types

Slide 59: Mine Related Subsidence – common types

Slide 60: Case Study – Waihi NZ

Slide 61: Case Study – Waihi NZ

Slide 62: Subsidence - What about BIH?

Slide 63: Subsidence - What about BIH?

Slide 64: Underground Mining Related Surface Subsidence at BIH

Slide 65: Natural Earthquakes

Slide 66: Mining Induced Seismicity

Slide 67: Question and Answers