For the convenience of readers and for information purpose only, the auditors' report and the accompanying financial statements have been translated into English from the original Chinese version prepared and used in the Republic of China. In the event of any discrepancy between the English version and the original Chinese version or any differences in the interpretation of the two versions, the Chinese-language auditors' report and financial statements shall prevail.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REVIEW REPORT TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
IntroductionWe have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. and subsidiaries (the "Group") as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, of changes in equity and of cash flows for the three months then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of material accounting policies. Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and International Accounting Standard 34, "Interim Financial Reporting" that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission. Our responsibility is to express a conclusion on these consolidated financial statements based on our reviews.
Scope of reviewWe conducted our reviews in accordance with the Standard on Review Engagements 2410, "Review of Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity" of the Republic of China. A review of consolidated financial statements consists of making inquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. A review is substantially less in scope than an audit and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.
ConclusionBased on our reviews, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the accompanying consolidated financial statements do not present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Group as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, and of its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the three months then ended in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and International Accounting Standard 34, "Interim Financial Reporting" that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission.
Independent Accountants
Hsu, Huei-Yu Tien, Chung-Yu
PricewaterhouseCoopers, Taiwan Republic of China
May 11, 2026
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are not intended to present the financial position and results of operations and cash flows in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in countries and jurisdictions other than the Republic of China. The standards, procedures and practices in the Republic of China governing the audit of such financial statements may differ from those generally accepted in countries and jurisdictions other than the Republic of China. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and independent auditors' report are not intended for use by those who are not informed about the accounting principles or auditing standards generally accepted in the Republic of China, and their applications in practice.
As the financial statements are the responsibility of the management, PricewaterhouseCoopers Taiwan cannot accept any liability for the use of, or reliance on, the English translation or for any errors or misunderstandings that may derive from the translation.
NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
MARCH 31, 2026, DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND MARCH 31, 2025
(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)
March 31, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | March 31, 2025 |
Assets Notes AMOUNT % | AMOUNT % | AMOUNT % |
1100 | Cash and cash equivalents | 6(1) | $ 9,490,424 | 51 | $ 9,551,171 | 52 | $ 9,928,522 | 54 | |||||
1110 | Current financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 6(2) | 41,760 | - | 41,885 | - | 30,000 | - | |||||
1136 | Current financial assets at amortised cost | 6(1)(3) and 8 | 1,728,464 | 9 | 1,511,882 | 8 | 519,609 | 3 | |||||
1150 | Notes receivable, net | 6(4) | 136,097 | 1 | 136,834 | 1 | 124,788 | 1 | |||||
1170 | Accounts receivable, net | 6(4) | 950,763 | 5 | 804,286 | 4 | 839,059 | 4 | |||||
1200 | Other receivables | 30,249 | - | 21,114 | - | 136,909 | 1 | ||||||
1220 | Current income tax assets | 53,137 | - | 106,505 | 1 | 36,013 | - | ||||||
130X | Inventories | 6(5) | 1,379,684 | 7 | 1,317,031 | 7 | 1,960,473 | 11 | |||||
1410 | Prepayments | 461,116 | 3 | 287,139 | 2 | 361,035 | 2 | ||||||
11XX | Total current assets | 14,271,694 | 76 | 13,777,847 | 75 | 13,936,408 | 76 | ||||||
1517 | Non-current assets Non-current financial assets at | 6(6) | |||||||||||
fair value through other comprehensive income | 641,249 | 3 | 676,350 | 4 | 639,712 | 4 | |||||||
1600 | Property, plant and equipment | 6(7) and 8 | 2,600,966 | 14 | 2,610,294 | 14 | 2,554,940 | 14 | |||||
1755 | Right-of-use assets | 6(8) and 7 | 167,574 | 1 | 175,735 | 1 | 202,940 | 1 | |||||
1780 | Intangible assets | 6(9) | 8,995 | - | 9,362 | - | 10,143 | - | |||||
1840 | Deferred income tax assets | 6(25) | 7,619 | - | 17,693 | - | 14,280 | - | |||||
1915 | Prepayments for equipment | 218,515 | 1 | 198,817 | 1 | 175,271 | 1 | ||||||
1920 | Guarantee deposits paid | 8 | 696 | - | 696 | - | 683 | - | |||||
1975 | Net defined benefit asset | 289,852 | 2 | 288,584 | 2 | 239,221 | 1 | ||||||
1990 | Other non-current assets | 652,622 | 3 | 602,205 | 3 | 526,311 | 3 | ||||||
15XX | Total non-current assets | 4,588,088 | 24 | 4,579,736 | 25 | 4,363,501 | 24 | ||||||
1XXX | Total assets | $ 18,859,782 | 100 | $ 18,357,583 | 100 | $ 18,299,909 | 100 | ||||||
(Continued) |
NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
MARCH 31, 2026, DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND MARCH 31, 2025
(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)
March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025
Liabilities and Equity Notes AMOUNT % AMOUNT % AMOUNT %
Current liabilities2100 | Short-term borrowings | 6(10) | $ 110,000 | 1 | $ 70,000 | - | $ 70,000 | - | |||||
2130 | Current contract liabilities | 6(18) | 151,337 | 1 | 63,124 | - | 40,242 | - | |||||
2150 | Notes payable | 59 | - | - | - | 67 | - | ||||||
2170 | Accounts payable | 275,792 | 1 | 296,981 | 2 | 302,503 | 2 | ||||||
2200 | Other payables | 6(11)(17) and | |||||||||||
7 | 1,097,094 | 6 | 713,403 | 4 | 947,027 | 5 | |||||||
2230 | Current income tax liabilities | 165,359 | 1 | 96,493 | 1 | 279,954 | 2 | ||||||
2280 | Current lease liabilities | 7 | 36,925 | - | 36,711 | - | 36,163 | - | |||||
2320 | Long-term liabilities, current | 6(12) and 8 | |||||||||||
portion | 14,000 | - | 14,000 | - | 14,000 | - | |||||||
21XX | Total current liabilities | 1,850,566 | 10 | 1,290,712 | 7 | 1,689,956 | 9 | ||||||
Non-current liabilities | |||||||||||||
2540 | Long-term borrowings | 6(12) and 8 | 24,000 | - | 7,500 | - | 18,000 | - | |||||
2570 | Deferred income tax liabilities | 6(25) | 412,529 | 2 | 453,215 | 2 | 428,239 | 2 | |||||
2580 | Non-current lease liabilities | 7 | 106,183 | 1 | 115,141 | 1 | 140,945 | 1 | |||||
2640 | Net defined benefit liabilities | - | - | 368 | - | 7,161 | - | ||||||
2645 | Guarantee deposits received | 10,763 | - | 10,479 | - | - | - | ||||||
25XX | Total non-current | ||||||||||||
liabilities | 553,475 | 3 | 586,703 | 3 | 594,345 | 3 | |||||||
2XXX | Total liabilities | 2,404,041 | 13 | 1,877,415 | 10 | 2,284,301 | 12 | ||||||
Equity | |||||||||||||
Equity attributable to owners of | |||||||||||||
parent | |||||||||||||
Share capital | 6(14) | ||||||||||||
3110 | Common stock | 4,924,167 | 26 | 4,924,167 | 27 | 4,924,167 | 27 | ||||||
Capital surplus | 6(15)(16) | ||||||||||||
3200 | Capital surplus | 51,421 | - | 51,421 | - | 29,204 | - | ||||||
Retained earnings | 6(17) | ||||||||||||
3310 | Legal reserve | 2,681,888 | 14 | 2,681,888 | 15 | 2,620,943 | 14 | ||||||
3320 | Special reserve | 433,442 | 3 | 433,442 | 2 | 433,442 | 2 | ||||||
3350 | Unappropriated retained | ||||||||||||
earnings | 5,884,100 | 31 | 6,209,944 | 34 | 5,972,471 | 33 | |||||||
Other equity interest | |||||||||||||
3400 | Other equity interest | 6(6) | 324,316 | 2 | 135,787 | 1 | 628,600 | 4 | |||||
31XX | Total equity attributable to | ||||||||||||
owners of the parent | 14,299,334 | 76 | 14,436,649 | 79 | 14,608,827 | 80 | |||||||
36XX | Non-controlling interest | 4(3) | 2,156,407 | 11 | 2,043,519 | 11 | 1,406,781 | 8 | |||||
3XXX | Total equity | 16,455,741 | 87 | 16,480,168 | 90 | 16,015,608 | 88 | ||||||
Significant contingent liabilities | 7 and 9 | ||||||||||||
and unrecognised contract | |||||||||||||
commitments | |||||||||||||
3X2X | Total liabilities and equity | $ 18,859,782 | 100 | $ 18,357,583 | 100 | $ 18,299,909 | 100 |
NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025
(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars, except for earnings per share amounts)
Three months ended March 31
2026 2025
Items Notes AMOUNT % AMOUNT %
4000 | Operating revenue | 6(18) | $ 2,595,684 | 100 | $ 2,271,211 | 100 |
5000 | Operating costs | 6(5)(9)(13)(23)(24) | ( 1,888,697) ( | 72) ( | 1,728,594) ( | 76) |
5900 | Net operating margin | 706,987 | 28 | 542,617 | 24 | |
Operating expenses | 6(9)(13)(23)(24) and 12 | |||||
6100 | Selling expenses | ( 121,925) ( | 5) ( | 128,215) ( | 6) | |
6200 | General and administrative expenses | ( 236,859) ( | 9) ( | 196,190) ( | 9) | |
6300 | Research and development expenses | ( 25,939) ( | 1) ( | 23,309) ( | 1) | |
6450 | Expected credit impairment (loss) | |||||
gain | ( 15) | - | 152 | - | ||
6000 | Total operating expenses | ( 384,738) ( | 15) ( | 347,562) ( | 16) | |
6900 | Operating profit | 322,249 | 13 | 195,055 | 8 | |
Non-operating income and expenses | ||||||
7100 | Interest income | 6(3)(19) | 79,060 | 3 | 96,677 | 4 |
7010 | Other income | 6(20) | 987 | - | 1,572 | - |
7020 | Other gains and losses | 6(2)(21) and 12 | ( 931) | - | 17,230 | 1 |
7050 | Finance costs | 6(8)(22) and 7 | ( 1,215) | - ( | 1,361) | - |
7000 | Total non-operating income and expenses | 77,901 | 3 | 114,118 | 5 | |
7900 | Profit before income tax | 400,150 | 16 | 309,173 | 13 | |
7950 | Income tax expense | 6(25) | ( 120,689) ( | 5) ( | 70,679) ( | 3) |
8200 | Profit for the year | $ 279,461 | 11 | $ 238,494 | 10 | |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||
Components of other comprehensive | ||||||
income (loss) that will not be | ||||||
reclassified to profit or loss | ||||||
8316 | Unrealised (losses) gains on financial assets measured at fair | 6(6) | ||||
value through other comprehensive | ||||||
income | ($ 37,469) ( | 2) | $ 28,631 | 1 |
8361 | Financial statements translation | |||||||
differences of foreign operations | 225,998 | 9 | 148,804 | 7 | ||||
8300 | Other comprehensive income for the | |||||||
year | $ 188,529 | 7 | $ 177,435 | 8 | ||||
8500 | Total comprehensive income for the | |||||||
year | $ 467,990 | 18 | $ 415,929 | 18 | ||||
Profit attributable to: | ||||||||
8610 | Owners of the parent | $ 166,573 | 7 | $ 150,374 | 6 | |||
8620 | Non-controlling interest | 112,888 | 4 | 88,120 | 4 | |||
Profit for the year | $ 279,461 | 11 | $ 238,494 | 10 | ||||
8710 | Comprehensive income attributable to: Owners of the parent | $ 355,102 | 14 | $ 327,809 | 14 | |||
8720 | Non-controlling interest | 112,888 | 4 | 88,120 | 4 | |||
Total comprehensive income for the | ||||||||
year | $ 467,990 | 18 | $ 415,929 | 18 | ||||
Earnings per share (in dollars) | 6(26) | |||||||
9750 | Basic | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.31 | |||
9850 | Diluted | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.31 | |||
NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025
(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)
Equity attributable to owners of the parent
Capital Surplus Retained Earnings Other Equity Interest
Unrealised gains (losses) from financial assets
Changes in ownership interest
Unappropriated
Financial statements translation
differences of
measured at fair value through other comprehensive
Non-controlling
Notes Common stock of subsidiaries Legal reserve Special reserve retained earnings foreign operations income Total interest Total equity
Three months ended March 31, 2025
Balance at January 1, 2025 | $ 4,924,167 | $ 29,204 | $ 2,620,943 | $ 433,442 | $ 6,314,514 | $ 307,218 | $ 143,947 | $ 14,773,435 | $ 1,318,661 | $ 16,092,096 | |||||
Profit for the period | - | - | - | - | 150,374 | - | - | 150,374 | 88,120 | 238,494 | |||||
Other comprehensive income for the period | 6(6) | - | - | - | - | - | 148,804 | 28,631 | 177,435 | - | 177,435 | ||||
Total comprehensive income for the period | - | - | - | - | 150,374 | 148,804 | 28,631 | 327,809 | 88,120 | 415,929 | |||||
Distribution of 2024 net income: Cash dividends | 6(17) | - | - | - | - ( | 492,417 ) | - | - ( | 492,417 ) | - ( | 492,417 ) | ||||
Balance at March 31, 2025 | $ 4,924,167 | $ 29,204 | $ 2,620,943 | $ 433,442 | $ 5,972,471 | $ 456,022 | $ 172,578 | $ 14,608,827 | $ 1,406,781 | $ 16,015,608 |
Three months ended March 31, 2026
Balance at January 1, 2026 | $ 4,924,167 | $ 51,421 | $ 2,681,888 | $ 433,442 | $ 6,209,944 | $ 8,692 | $ 127,095 | $ 14,436,649 | $ 2,043,519 | $ 16,480,168 | |||||
Profit for the period | - | - | - | - | 166,573 | - | - | 166,573 | 112,888 | 279,461 | |||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period | 6(6) | - | - | - | - | - | 225,998 | ( | 37,469 ) | 188,529 | - | 188,529 | |||
Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period | - | - | - | - | 166,573 | 225,998 | ( | 37,469 ) | 355,102 | 112,888 | 467,990 | ||||
Distribution of 2025 net income: Cash dividends | 6(17) | - | - | - | - ( | 492,417 ) | - | - ( | 492,417 ) | - ( | 492,417 ) | ||||
Balance at March 31, 2026 | $ 4,924,167 | $ 51,421 | $ 2,681,888 | $ 433,442 | $ 5,884,100 | $ 234,690 | $ 89,626 | $ 14,299,334 | $ 2,156,407 | $ 16,455,741 |
NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025
(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)
Three months ended March 31
Notes | 2026 | 2025 | |||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Profit before tax | $ 400,150 | $ 309,173 | |||
Adjustments | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile profit (loss) | |||||
Losses on valuation of financial assets at fair | 6(2)(21) | ||||
value through profit or loss | 125 | 30 | |||
Expected credit impairment loss (gain) | 12 | 15 | ( | 152 ) | |
Reversal of provision for inventory market price | 6(5) | ||||
decline | ( | 3,435 ) | ( | 734 ) | |
Depreciation | 6(7)(8)(23) | 92,355 | 80,773 | ||
Losses on disposals of property, plant and | 6(21) | ||||
equipment | 149 | 71 | |||
Amortisation | 6(9)(23) | 791 | 767 | ||
Interest income | 6(19) | ( | 79,060 ) | ( | 96,677 ) |
Interest expense | 6(22) | 1,215 | 1,361 | ||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities Changes in operating assets | |||||
Notes receivable | 737 | 24,346 | |||
Accounts receivable | ( | 146,501 ) | 156,984 | ||
Other receivables | ( | 11,274 ) | ( | 77,000 ) | |
Inventories | ( | 59,218 ) | ( | 259,511 ) | |
Prepayments | ( | 173,977 ) | 3,304 | ||
Net defined benefit assets | ( | 1,268 ) | ( | 779 ) | |
Other non-current assets | ( | 1,032 ) | ( | 12,415 ) | |
Changes in operating liabilities | |||||
Current contract liabilities | 88,213 | ( | 2,956 ) | ||
Notes payable | 59 | 67 | |||
Accounts payable | ( | 21,189 ) | ( | 121,054 ) | |
Other payables | ( | 103,222 ) | ( | 256,031 ) | |
Net defined benefit liabilities | ( 368 ) | 1,078 | |||
Cash outflow generated from operations | ( 16,735 ) | ( 249,355 ) | |||
Interest received | 81,199 | 98,846 | |||
Interest paid | ( 1,180 ) | ( 1,375 ) | |||
Income tax paid | ( 29,067 ) | ( 54,277 ) | |||
Net cash flows from (used in) operating | |||||
activities | 34,217 | ( 206,161 ) | |||
(Continued) | |||||
NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025
(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)
Three months ended March 31
Notes 2026 2025
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Cash paid for acquisition of current financial assets | |||||
at amortised cost | ($ | 288,000 ) | ($ 225,707 ) | ||
Proceeds from disposal of current financial assets at | |||||
amortised cost | 71,418 | 131,814 | |||
Cash paid for acquisition of property, plant and | 6(27) | ||||
equipment | ( | 17,961 ) | ( 31,490 ) | ||
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and | |||||
equipment | 32 | 2 | |||
Increase in intangible assets | 6(9) | ( | 213 ) | ( | 41 ) |
Increase in prepayments for equipment | ( | 54,501 ) | ( | 50,792 ) | |
Increase in other non-current assets | ( | 49,385 ) | ( | 89 ) | |
Net cash flows used in investing activities | ( | 338,610 ) | ( | 176,303 ) | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings | 6(28) | 40,000 | ( | 40,000 ) | |
Payment of lease liabilities | 6(28) | ( | 9,183 ) | ( | 8,989 ) |
Increase in long-term borrowings | 6(28) | 30,000 | 12,000 | ||
Decrease in long-term borrowings | 6(28) | ( | 13,500 ) | ( | 2,500 ) |
Increase in guarantee deposits received | 6(28) | 284 | - | ||
Net cash flows from (used in) financing | |||||
activities | 47,601 | ( | 39,489 ) | ||
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes | 196,045 | 131,059 | |||
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | ( | 60,747 ) | ( | 290,894 ) | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 6(1) | 9,551,171 | 10,219,416 | ||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | 6(1) | $ 9,490,424 | $ 9,928,522 | ||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025
(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars, except as otherwise indicated)
HISTORY AND ORGANISATION
NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. (the "Company") was incorporated as a company limited by shares under the provisions of the Company Act of the Republic of China (R.O.C.) on January 10, 1979. The Company and its subsidiaries (collectively referred herein as the "Group") are primarily engaged in the manufacture, processing and sales of various types of latex, rubber and related products.
The common shares of the Company have been listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange since October 27, 1992.
THE DATE OF AUTHORISATION FOR ISSUANCE OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR AUTHORISATION
These consolidated financial statements were authorised for issuance by the Board of Directors on May 11, 2026.
APPLICATION OF NEW STANDARDS, AMENDMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Effect of the adoption of new issuances of or amendments to International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS®") Accounting Standards that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission ("FSC")
New standards, interpretations and amendments endorsed by the FSC and became effective from 2026 are as follows:
Effective date by International Accounting
New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments Standards Board ("IASB")
Specific provisions of Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7, 'Amendments to the classification and measurement of financial instruments'
Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7, 'Contracts referencing nature-dependent electricity'
January 1, 2026
January 1, 2026
IFRS 17, 'Insurance contracts' January 1, 2023
Amendments to IFRS 17, 'Insurance contracts' January 1, 2023
Amendment to IFRS 17, 'Initial application of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 -
comparative information'
January 1, 2023
Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards-Volume 11 January 1, 2026
The above standards and interpretations have no significant impact to the Group's financial condition and financial performance based on the Group's assessment.
Effect of new issuances of or amendments to IFRS Accounting Standards as endorsed by the FSC but not yet adopted by the Group
None.
IFRS Accounting Standards issued by IASB but not yet endorsed by the FSC
New standards, interpretations and amendments issued by IASB but not yet included in the IFRS Accounting Standards as endorsed by the FSC are as follows:
New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments Effective date by IASB
Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28, 'Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture'
To be determined by IASB
IFRS 18, 'Presentation and disclosure in financial statements' January 1, 2027 (Note) IFRS 19, 'Subsidiaries without public accountability: disclosures' January 1, 2027
Amendments to IAS 21, 'Translation to a Hyperinflationary Presentation Currency
January 1, 2027
(Note)The FSC has announced in a press release on September 25, 2025 that public companies will apply IFRS 18 starting from the fiscal year 2028. Additionally, entities can choose to adopt IFRS 18 earlier based on their requirements after the FSC endorses IFRS 18.
Except for the following, the above standards and interpretations have no significant impact to the Group's financial condition and financial performance based on the Group's assessment.
IFRS 18, 'Presentation and disclosure in financial statements'
IFRS 18, 'Presentation and disclosure in financial statements' replaces IAS 1. The standard introduces a defined structure of the statement of profit or loss, disclosure requirements related to management-defined performance measures, and enhanced principles on aggregation and disaggregation which apply to the primary financial statements and notes.
SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The principal accounting policies adopted are consistent with Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, except for the compliance statement, basis of preparation and basis of consolidation as set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the periods presented, unless otherwise stated.
Compliance statement
The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and the International Accounting Standard 34, 'Interim financial reporting' that came into effect as endorsed by the FSC.
The consolidated financial statements of the Group should be read together with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Basis of preparation
Except for the following items, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention:
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income.
Defined benefit assets or liabilities recognised based on the net amount of pension fund assets less present value of defined benefit obligation.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with International Financial Reporting
Standards, International Accounting Standards, IFRIC® Interpretations, and SIC® Interpretations that came into effect as endorsed by the FSC (collectively referred herein as the "IFRSs") requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 5, 'Critical accounting judgements, estimates and key sources of assumption uncertainty'.
Basis of consolidation
Basis for preparation of consolidated financial statements:
The basis for preparation of these consolidated financial statements is consistent with those for the preparation of consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements:
Ownership (%)
Name of investor Name of subsidiary Business activities
March 31,
2026
December 31,
2025
Note
NANTEX
INTERMEDIUM
General
100.00%
100.00%
-
INDUSTRY CO.,
INTERNATIONAL
investments
LTD.
LIMITED
Nanmat Technology
CVD materials and
40.57%
40.57%
(Note1)
Co., Ltd.
metal surface
(Note2)
treatment
INTERMEDIUM
Zhenjiang Nantex
chemicals Manufacture and
100.00%
100.00%
-
INTERNATIONAL
Chemical Industry
sales of rubber
LIMITED
Co., Ltd.
and latex
Ownership (%)
March 31,
Name of investor Name of subsidiary Business activities 2025 Note
NANTEX
INTERMEDIUM
General
100.00%
-
INDUSTRY CO.,
INTERNATIONAL
investments
LTD.
LIMITED
Nanmat Technology
CVD materials and
41.00%
(Note1)
Co., Ltd.
metal surface
treatment
INTERMEDIUM
Zhenjiang Nantex
chemicals Manufacture and
100.00%
-
INTERNATIONAL
Chemical Industry
sales of rubber
LIMITED
Co., Ltd.
and latex
Note 1:The Group held a relative majority interest in Nanmat Technology Co., Ltd. and a relative majority of the seats in the company's Board of Directors. Based on the comprehensive assessment, the Group has the right to govern the entity's financial or operating policies. Accordingly, the entity was included in the consolidated financial statements.
Note 2:The subsidiary, Nanmat Technology Co., Ltd., increased its capital for the year ended December 31, 2025. As the Group did not acquire shares proportionately, the shareholding ratio was decreased from 41.00% to 40.57%. The Group recognised the adjustment of investments accounted for under equity method not acquired proportionately to shareholding ratio amounting to $9,856 (shown as contract account of 'capital surplus'). The related information is provided in Note 6(6) Investments accounted for under equity method of the parent company only financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Subsidiaries not included in the consolidated financial statements: None.
Adjustments for subsidiaries with different balance sheet dates: None.
Significant restrictions: None.
Subsidiaries that have non-controlling interests that are material to the Group:
As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the non-controlling interest were NT$2,156,407, NT$2,043,519 and NT$1,406,781, respectively. Information on the subsidiary that has non-controlling interest that is significant to the Group is as follows:
Non-controlling interest
March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
Principal place
Ownership
Ownership
Name of subsidiary of business Amount (%) Amount (%) Nanmat Technology
Co., Ltd. Taiwan
$ 2,156,407
59.43%
$ 2,043,519
59.43%
Principal place
Name of subsidiary of business Nanmat Technology
Non-controlling interest
March 31, 2025
Ownership
Amount (%)
Co., Ltd. Taiwan
Summary of financial information of subsidiary:
$ 1,406,781
59.00%
Balance sheets Nanmat Technology Co., Ltd.
March 31, 2026
December 31, 2025
March 31, 2025
Current Assets
$ 2,893,850
$ 2,771,994
$ 1,987,383
Non-current Assets
1,377,163
1,301,417
986,173
Current Liabilities
(
594,608)
(
601,685)
(
535,462)
Non-current Liabilities ( 47,922) ( 33,195) ( 53,720)
Total net assets
$ 3,628,483
$ 3,438,531
$ 2,384,374
Statements of comprehensive Income
Three months ended March 31,
2026
2025
Revenue
$ 724,908
$ 600,268
Profit for the period
Other comprehensive income
$ 189,952
-
$ 149,355
-
Total comprehensive income
$ 189,952
$ 149,355
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest
$ -
$ -
Statements of cash flows
Three months ended March 31,
2026
2025
Net cash provided by operating activities
$ 50,899
$ 59,067
Net cash used in investing activities
( 277,886) (
171,931)
Net cash provided by financing activities
55,109
18,131
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents
( 171,878) (
94,733)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
584,995
699,442
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$ 413,117
$ 604,709
Employee benefits
Pension cost for the interim period is calculated on a year-to-date basis by using the pension cost rate derived from the actuarial valuation at the end of the prior financial year, adjusted for significant market fluctuations since that time and for significant curtailments, settlements, or other significant one-off events. Also, the related information is disclosed accordingly.
Income tax
The interim period income tax expense is recognised based on the estimated average annual effective income tax rate expected for the full financial year applied to the pretax income of the interim period, and the related information is disclosed accordingly.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS, ESTIMATES AND KEY SOURCES OF ASSUMPTION UNCERTAINTY
There have been no significant changes during the period. Refer to Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.
DETAILS OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTS
Cash and cash equivalents
March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025
Cash:
Cash on hand
$
338
$
337
$
353
Checking accounts and demand
deposits
2,248,029
1,806,354
1,868,662
2,248,367
1,806,691
1,869,015
Cash equivalents: Time deposits
7,242,057
7,744,480
8,059,507
$ 9,490,424
$ 9,551,171
$ 9,928,522
The Group transacts with a variety of financial institutions all with high credit quality to disperse credit risk, so it expects that the probability of counterparty default is remote.
As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group's time deposits maturing in excess of three months and within one year were classified as 'Current financial assets at amortised cost'.
The Group classified cash and cash equivalents pledged as collateral as 'Current financial assets at amortised cost'.
Current financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
March 31, 2026
December 31, 2025
March 31, 2025
Financial assets mandatorily
measured at fair value
through profit or loss
Beneficiary certificates
$ 41,760
$ 41,760
$ 30,000
Valuation adjustment
-
125
-
$ 41,760
$ 41,885
$ 30,000
For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group recognised net loss from changes in fair values in the amount of $125 and $30, respectively. The Group recognised gain from the distribution of investment income in the amount of $282 and $-, respectively (listed as 'Other gains and losses').
The Group has no financial assets at fair value through profit or loss pledged to others as of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025.
Current financial assets at amortised cost
March 31, 2026
December 31, 2025
March 31, 2025
Time deposits maturing over three
$ 1,721,464
$ 1,504,882
$ 515,609
months
Time deposits pledged
7,000
7,000
4,000
$ 1,728,464
$ 1,511,882
$ 519,609
The Group recognised interest income in profit or loss in relation to financial assets at amortised cost in the amount of $6,411 and $4,674 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk in respect of the amount that best represents the financial assets at amortised cost held by the Group was the carrying amount.
As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group's financial assets at amortised cost pledged to others as collateral are provided in Note 8, 'Pledged assets'.
Information relating to credit risk of financial assets at amortised cost is provided in Note 12(2), 'Financial instruments'. The counterparties of the Group's investments in certificates of deposits are financial institutions with high credit quality, so the Group expects that the probability of counterparty default is remote.
March 31, 2026
$ 136,097
December 31, 2025
$ 136,834
March 31, 2025
$ 124,788
$ 951,043
$ 804,542
$ 839,812
( 280)
( 256)
( 753)
$ 950,763
$ 804,286
$ 839,059
Notes and accounts receivable, net
Notes receivable
Accounts receivable Less: Loss allowance
The ageing analysis of notes receivable and accounts receivable is as follows:
March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
Accounts
receivable
Notes
receivable
Accounts
receivable
Notes
receivable
Not past due
$ 835,579
$ 136,097
$ 692,590
$ 136,834
Less than 90 days
114,397
-
111,944
-
Over 91 days
1,067
-
8
-
$ 951,043
$ 136,097
$ 804,542
$ 136,834
March 31, 2025 Accounts Notes
receivable
receivable
Not past due
$ 617,717
$ 124,788
Less than 90 days
199,695
-
Over 91 days
22,400
-
$ 839,812
$ 124,788
The above ageing analysis was based on past due date.
As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the balance of notes receivable and accounts receivable were all from contracts with customers. As of January 1, 2025, the balance
of receivables from contracts with customers amounted to $1,145,930.
As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group both has no notes receivable and accounts receivable pledged to others as collateral.
Without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk was the carrying amount.
Information relating to credit risk of notes and accounts receivable is provided in Note 12(2), 'Financial instruments'.
Inventories
March 31, 2026 Allowance for
Cost
market price decline
Book value
Merchandise
$ 2,986
($ 587)
$ 2,399
Raw materials
735,230
( 16,795)
718,435
Supplies
68,893
( 82)
68,811
Work in progress
185,978
( 3,427)
182,551
Finished goods
431,811
( 24,323)
407,488
$ 1,424,898
($ 45,214)
$ 1,379,684
December 31, 2025 Allowance for
Cost
market price decline
Book value
Merchandise
$ 2,287
($ 586)
$ 1,701
Raw materials
717,872
( 19,825)
698,047
Supplies
65,145
( 82)
65,063
Work in progress
164,105
( 3,427)
160,678
Finished goods
416,271
( 24,729)
391,542
$ 1,365,680
($ 48,649)
$ 1,317,031
Cost
market price decline
Book value
Merchandise
$ 3,350
($ 723)
$ 2,627
Raw materials
885,488
( 18,546)
866,942
Supplies
65,933
( 71)
65,862
Work in progress
142,962
( 3,304)
139,658
Finished goods
911,401
( 26,017)
885,384
$ 2,009,134
($ 48,661)
$ 1,960,473
March 31, 2025 Allowance for
The cost of inventories recognised as expense for the period:
Three months ended March 31,
2026 2025
Cost of goods sold
Reversal of allowance for inventory market price
$ 1,897,581
$ 1,729,137
decline (Note)
( 3,435)
( 734)
(Gain) loss on physical inventory
( 1,521)
3,490
Revenue from sale of scraps
( 3,928)
( 3,299)
$ 1,888,697
$ 1,728,594
(Note) For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group reversed a previous inventory write-down which was accounted for as reduction of cost of goods sold because the inventories which were previously provided with allowance were subsequently used and sold.
Non-current financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025
$ 176,560
$ 156,760
$ 53,220
464,689
519,590
586,492
$ 641,249
$ 676,350
$ 639,712
Equity instruments Listed stocks Unlisted stocks
On December 30, 2025, the Group's subsidiary, Nanmat Technology Co., Ltd., invested in JITech Co., Ltd. for a total consideration of $89,560. The purpose of the subsidiary's investment was to strengthen the relationships with suppliers. The transfer of the equity instrument is restricted within two years.
The Group has elected to classify equity investments that are considered to be strategic investments and steady dividend income as financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income.
Amounts recognised in other comprehensive income in relation to the financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income are listed below:
Three months ended March 31,
2026 2025
Equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income
Fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income
Held at end of period
($ 37,469)
$ 28,631
As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk in respect of the amount that best represents the financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income held by the Group was the carrying amount.
The Group has no financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income pledged to others as collateral.
Property, plant and equipment
Buildings Machinery
Unfinished construction
Land
and and
Leasehold Other
and equipment
Land
improvements
structures equipment
improvements equipment
under acceptance Total
At January 1, 2026
Cost
$ 461,888
$ 19,724
$ 2,051,433 $ 6,351,104
$ 7,960 $ 878,531
$ 72,563 $ 9,843,203
Accumulated depreciation
-
( 18,322)
( 1,372,148) ( 5,156,078)
( 7,289) ( 679,072)
- ( 7,232,909)
$ 461,888
$ 1,402
$ 679,285 $ 1,195,026
$ 671 $ 199,459
$ 72,563 $ 2,610,294
Three months ended March 31, 2026
At January 1
$ 461,888
$ 1,402
$ 679,285 $ 1,195,026
$ 671 $ 199,459
$ 72,563 $ 2,610,294
Additions - cost
-
-
1,797 578
- 2,325
7,722 12,422
Transferred from prepayments
for equipment
-
-
- 25,152
- 9,651
- 34,803
Disposal - cost
-
-
- ( 1,640)
- ( 2,367)
- ( 4,007)
- accumulated depreciation
-
-
- 1,506
- 2,320
- 3,826
Depreciation
-
(
96)
(
18,155)
(
50,644)
(
92)
(
13,796)
-
(
82,783)
Net exchange differences
-
- 6,076 18,464 - 1,292
579
26,411
At March 31
$ 461,888
$ 1,306 $ 669,003 $ 1,188,442 $ 579 $ 198,884
$ 80,864
$ 2,600,966
At March 31, 2026
Cost
$ 461,888
$
19,724 $ 2,071,876 $ 6,465,219 $
7,960 $ 895,152
$
80,864
$ 10,002,683
Accumulated depreciation
-
( 18,418) ( 1,402,873) ( 5,276,777) ( 7,381) ( 696,268)
-
( 7,401,717)
$ 461,888
$ 1,306 $ 669,003 $ 1,188,442 $ 579 $ 198,884
$ 80,864
$ 2,600,966
At January 1, 2025
Unfinished
Buildings Machinery construction Land and and Leasehold Other and equipment
Land improvements structures equipment improvements equipment under acceptance Total
Cost
$ 461,888 $
18,474
$ 1,890,189 $
6,127,734 $
7,960
$ 831,219 $
175,676
$ 9,513,140
Accumulated depreciation - ( 17,867) ( 1,308,776) ( 4,972,834) ( 6,619) ( 630,895) - ( 6,936,991)
$ 461,888 $ 607 $ 581,413 $ 1,154,900 $ 1,341 $ 200,324 $ 175,676 $ 2,576,149
Three months ended March 31, 2025
At January 1
$ 461,888 $
607 $
581,413 $
1,154,900 $
1,341
$ 200,324 $
175,676
$ 2,576,149
Additions - cost - - 2,030 11,950 - 7,672 13,129 34,781
Transferred after acceptance
inspection - 950 - 19,981 - - ( 20,931) -
Disposal - cost - - - (
1,654)
- ( 2,267)
- ( 3,921)
- accumulated depreciation
-
-
-
1,599
-
2,249
-
3,848
Depreciation
-
( 107)
(
13,123)
(
43,968)
( 183)
(
13,819)
-
(
71,200)
Net exchange differences
-
-
3,732
10,521
-
778
252
15,283
At March 31
$ 461,888
$ 1,450
$ 574,052
$ 1,153,329
$ 1,158
$ 194,937
$ 168,126
$ 2,554,940
At March 31, 2025 Cost
$ 461,888
$ 19,424
$ 1,902,795
$ 6,208,618
$ 7,960
$ 839,721
$ 168,126
$ 9,608,532
Accumulated depreciation
-
( 17,974) ( 1,328,743) ( 5,055,289) ( 6,802) ( 644,784)
-
( 7,053,592)
$ 461,888
$ 1,450 $ 574,052 $ 1,153,329 $ 1,158 $ 194,937
$ 168,126
$ 2,554,940
The Group property, plant and equipment are all owner-occupied as at March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025.
The Group has not capitalised any interest for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Information about the property, plant and equipment that were pledged to others as collateral is provided in Note 8, 'Pledged assets'.
Leasing arrangements-lessee
The Group leases various assets including land, buildings, machinery and equipment and business vehicles. Rental contracts are typically made for periods of 1 to 50 years. Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. The lease agreements do not impose covenants, but leased assets may not be used as security for borrowing purposes.
The carrying amount of right-of-use assets and the depreciation charge are as follows:
March 31, 2026
December 31, 2025
March 31, 2025
Carrying Amount
Carrying Amount
Carrying Amount
Land
$ 57,100
$ 57,533
$ 62,266
Buildings
32,535
33,563
36,648
Machinery and equipment
74,581
82,632
103,519
Transportation equipment
(Business vehicles) 3,358
2,007
507
$ 167,574
$ 175,735
$ 202,940
Three months ended March 31,
2026
2025
Depreciation charge
Depreciation charge
Land
$ 1,405
$ 1,402
Buildings
1,028
1,028
Machinery and equipment
6,962
6,950
Transportation equipment (Business vehicles)
177
193
$ 9,572
$ 9,573
For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the additions to right-of-use assets were
$439 and $-,respectively.
The information on profit and loss accounts relating to lease contracts is as follows:
Three months ended March 31,
2026
2025
Items affecting profit or loss
Interest expense on lease liabilities
$ 766
$ 941
Expense on short-term lease or leases of
low-value assets
382
379
For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group's total cash outflow for leases were $10,331 and $10,309, respectively.
Intangible assets
Three months ended March 31, 2026
Computer
Trademarks
Patents
Software
Total
At January 1, 2026
Cost
$ 1,389 $
1,011 $
22,081 $
24,481
Accumulated amortisation
( 1,142) (
634) (
13,261) (
15,037)
Net exchange differences
-
- (
82) (
82)
Net value
$ 247
$ 377
$ 8,738
$ 9,362
Three months ended March 31, 2026
At January 1
$ 247
$ 377
$ 8,738
$ 9,362
Additions - acquired separately
63
-
150
213
Amortisation
( 103) (
58) (
630) (
791)
Net exchange differences
-
-
211
211
At March 31
$ 207
$ 319
$ 8,469
$ 8,995
At March 31, 2026
Cost
$ 1,452
$ 1,011
$ 22,231
$ 24,694
Accumulated amortisation
(
1,245) (
692) (
13,891) (
15,828)
Net exchange differences
-
-
129
129
Net value
$
207 $
319 $
8,469 $
8,995
Three months ended March 31, 2025
Computer
Trademarks
Patents
Software
Total
At January 1, 2025
Cost
$ 1,613 $
1,011 $
20,939
$ 23,563
Accumulated amortisation
( 1,239) (
575) (
10,952) (
12,766)
Net exchange differences
-
- (
62) (
62)
Net value
$ 374
$ 436
$ 9,925
$ 10,735
Three months ended March 31, 2025
At January 1
$ 374
$ 436
$ 9,925
$ 10,735
Additions - acquired separately
41
-
-
41
Amortisation
( 119) (
59) (
589) (
767)
Net exchange differences
-
-
134
134
At March 31
$ 296
$ 377
$ 9,470
$ 10,143
At March 31, 2025
Cost
$ 1,654
$ 1,011
$ 20,939
$ 23,604
Accumulated amortisation
(
1,358) (
634) (
11,541) (
13,533)
Net exchange differences
-
-
72
72
Net value
$
296 $
377 $
9,470 $
10,143
Details of amortisation on intangible assets are as follows:
Three months ended March 31,
2026
2025
Operating costs
$ 106
$ 132
Selling expenses
79
84
General and administrative expenses
548
520
Research and development expenses
58
31
$ 791
$ 767
Short-term borrowings
Type of borrowings
March 31, 2026
Interest rate range
Collateral
Bank borrowings Unsecured borrowings
$ 110,000
1.86%~1.88%
None
Type of borrowings
December 31, 2025
Interest rate range
Collateral
Bank borrowings Unsecured borrowings
$ 70,000
1.86%~1.88%
None
Type of borrowings
March 31, 2025
Interest rate range
Collateral
Bank borrowings
Unsecured borrowings
$ 70,000
1.86%~1.92%
None
For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group recognised interest expense in profit or loss. Refer to Note 6(22) for details.
Other payables
March 31, 2026
December 31, 2025
March 31, 2025
Wages and salaries payable
$ 289,044
$ 414,930
$ 209,867
Employees' compensation and directors' remuneration payable
86,833
91,015
112,545
Payables on equipment
1,733
7,272
6,682
Dividends payable
492,417
-
492,417
Others
227,067
200,186
125,516
$ 1,097,094
$ 713,403
$ 947,027
Long-term borrowings
Borrowing period Interest
Type of borrowings and repayment term March 31, 2026 rate Collateral Installment-repayment
borrowings
Unsecured borrowings Borrowing period is from $
March 3, 2026 to March
3, 2029; interest is repayable monthly; principal is repayable quarterly from June 1, 2026
Secured borrowings Borrowing period is
from March 18, 2025 to
March 18, 2028; interest
30,000
2.00% None
Land, Buildings and
Less: Current portion
is repayable monthly 8,000 1.97%
38,000 ( 14,000)
$ 24,000
Borrowing period Interest
structures
Type of borrowings and repayment term December 31, 2025 rate Collateral Installment-repayment
borrowings
Unsecured borrowings Borrowing period is from $
March 1, 2024 to March
1, 2027; interest is repayable monthly; principal is repayable quarterly from June 3, 2024
Secured borrowings Borrowing period is
from March 18, 2025 to
March 18, 2028; interest
12,500
2.02% None
Land, Buildings and
Less: Current portion
is repayable monthly 9,000 1.95%
21,500 ( 14,000)
$ 7,500
structures
Borrowing period
Interest
Type of borrowings and repayment term
March 31, 2025
rate
Collateral
Installment-repayment borrowings
Unsecured borrowings Borrowing period is from
$ 32,000
1.79%~
None
March 1, 2024 to March
1.97%
1, 2027; interest is
repayable monthly;
principal is repayable
quarterly from June 3,
2024
Less: Current portion
( 14,000)
$ 18,000
For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group recognised interest expenses in profit or loss. Refer to Note 6(22) for details.
Pensions
The Company and its domestic subsidiary have a defined benefit pension plan in accordance with the Labor Standards Act, covering all regular employees' service years prior to the enforcement of the Labor Pension Act on July 1, 2005 and service years thereafter of employees who chose to continue to be subject to the pension mechanism under the Labor Standards Act. Under the defined benefit pension plan, two units are accrued for each year of service for the first 15 years and one unit for each additional year thereafter, subject to a maximum of 45 units. Pension benefits are based on the number of units accrued and the average monthly salaries and wages of the last 6 months prior to retirement. However, those who were mandatorily retired because injury at work will receive 20% in addition. The Company and its domestic subsidiary contribute monthly an amount equal to 2%~9% of the employees' monthly salaries and wages to the retirement fund deposited with Bank of Taiwan, the trustee, under the name of the independent retirement fund committee. Also, the Company and its domestic subsidiary would assess the balance in the aforementioned labor pension reserve account by December 31, every year. If the account balance is insufficient to pay the pension calculated by the aforementioned method to the employees expected to qualify for retirement in the following year, the Company and its domestic subsidiary will make contributions for the deficit by next March. The relevant information is as follows:
For the aforementioned pension plan, the Group recognised pension revenue of $682 and
$586 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Expected contributions to the defined benefit pension plan of the Group for the next year amount to $3,600.
Effective July 1, 2005, the Company and its domestic subsidiary have established a defined contribution pension plan (the "New Plan") under the Labor Pension Act (the "Act"), covering all regular employees with R.O.C. nationality. Under the New Plan, the Company and its domestic subsidiary contribute monthly an amount of no less than 6% of the employees' monthly salaries and wages to the employees' individual pension accounts at the Bureau of Labor Insurance. The benefits accrued are paid monthly or in lump sum upon termination of employment. The pension costs under the defined contribution pension plan of the Group for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were $4,120 and $4,005, respectively.
The Company's mainland China subsidiary, Zhenjiang Nantex Chemical Industry, Ltd., has a defined contribution plan. Monthly contributions to an independent fund administered by the government in accordance with the pension regulations in the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.) are based on 20% of employees' monthly salaries and wages. Other than the monthly contributions, this subsidiary has no further obligations. The pension costs under the defined contribution pension plan of this subsidiary for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were $5,660 and $5,418, respectively.
Share capital
Movements in the number of the Company's ordinary shares outstanding are as follows (in thousands of shares):
Three months ended March 31,
2026 2025
Beginning and ending balance 492,417 492,417
As of March 31, 2026, the Company's authorised capital was $6,000,000, and the paid-in-capital was $4,924,167, consisting of 492,417 thousand shares, with a par value of $10 (in dollars) per share. All proceeds from shares issued have been collected.
Share-based payment
Cash capital increase reserved for employee preemption
On August 1, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Group's subsidiary, Nanmat Technology Co., Ltd., resolved to increase its capital, of which 1,500 thousand shares were reserved for employee preemption. The grant date was set on August 1, 2025, and the subscription price was NT$90 (in dollars) per share. The subsidiary's compensation cost recognised for the cash capital increase reserved for employee preemption for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $28,894. The fair value of stock options on grant date is measured using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Options exercisable for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $-. Relevant information is as follows:
Grant date
August 1, 2025
Dividend yield
0%
Expected price volatility
42.02%
Risk-free interest rate
1.220%
Expected duration
0.08 years
Fair value in dollars (per share)
$19.2626(in dollars)
Capital surplus
Pursuant to the R.O.C. Company Act, capital surplus arising from paid-in capital in excess of par value on issuance of common stocks and donations can be used to cover accumulated deficit or to issue new stocks or cash to shareholders in proportion to their share ownership, provided that the Company has no accumulated deficit. Further, the R.O.C. Securities and Exchange Act requires that the amount of capital surplus to be capitalised mentioned above should not exceed 10% of the paid-in capital each year. Capital surplus should not be used to cover accumulated deficit unless the legal reserve is insufficient.
Retained earnings
Pursuant to the amended R.O.C. Company Act, the current year's after-tax earnings should be used initially to cover any accumulated deficit; thereafter 10% of the remaining earnings should be set aside as legal reserve until the balance of legal reserve is equal to that of paid-in capital. The legal reserve shall be exclusively used to cover accumulated deficit, to issue new stocks, or to distribute cash to shareholders in proportion to their share ownership. The use of legal reserve for the issuance of stocks or cash dividends to shareholders in proportion to their share ownership is permitted, provided that the distribution of the reserve is limited to the portion in excess of 25% of the Company's paid-in capital.
Since the Company is in a changeable industry environment tied with international macroeconomics and the Company is in the mature stage, the appropriation of earnings should consider fund requirements and capital budget to decide how much earnings will be kept or distributed and how much cash dividends will be distributed. According to the Company's Articles of Incorporation, 10% of the annual net income, after offsetting any loss of prior years and paying all taxes and dues, shall be set aside as legal reserve. The remaining net income and the unappropriated retained earnings from prior years can be distributed in accordance with a resolution passed during a meeting of the Board of Directors and approved at the stockholders' meeting. Of the amount to be distributed by the Company, stockholders' dividends shall comprise at least 20% of the unappropriated retained earnings, and the percentage of cash dividends shall not be less than 30% of dividends distributed. Based on the regulation, the Board of Directors of the Company shall adopt a special resolution to distribute whole or a part of the dividends in the form of cash and report to the stockholders, which is not applicable to the aforementioned provisions that are subject to stockholders' resolutions.
Special reserve
In accordance with the regulations, the Company shall set aside special reserve for the debit balance on other equity items at the balance sheet date before distributing earnings. When debit balance on other equity items is reversed subsequently, the reversed amount could be included in the distributable earnings.
The amount previously set aside by the Company as special reserve on initial application of IFRSs in accordance with Order No. Financial-Supervisory-Securities-Corporate-1090150022, dated March 31, 2021 was $430,099, which shall be reversed proportionately when the relevant assets are used, disposed of or reclassified subsequently.
The Company recognised cash dividends distributed to owners amounting to $492,417 ($1.0 (in dollars) per share) for the year ended December 31, 2025. On March 9, 2026, the Board of Directors proposed for the distribution of cash dividends of $492,417 ($1.0 (in dollars) per share) from the 2025 earnings, which has not yet been distributed (listed as 'Other payable').
Operating revenue
Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers
Details of the Group's revenue from the transfer of goods at a point in time are as follows:
Three months ended March 31, 2026
NANTEX
INTERMEDIUM
NANMAT
Total
Revenue from latex products
$ 632,184
$ 45,941
$ -
$ 678,125
Revenue from rubber products
241,012
951,043
-
1,192,055
Organic-inorganic materials
-
-
724,120
724,120
Others
-
596
788
1,384
$ 873,196
$ 997,580
$ 724,908
$ 2,595,684
Three months ended March 31, 2025
NANTEX
INTERMEDIUM
NANMAT
Total
Revenue from latex products
$ 646,871
$ 44,514
$ -
$ 691,385
Revenue from rubber products
225,175
754,383
-
979,558
Organic-inorganic materials
-
-
599,619
599,619
Others
-
-
649
649
$ 872,046
$ 798,897
$ 600,268
$ 2,271,211
Contract liabilities
On March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group has recognised the revenue-related contract liabilities amounting to $151,337, $63,124 and $40,242, respectively.
On January 1, 2026 and 2025, the contract liabilities were $63,124 and $43,198, respectively, and the contract liabilities at the beginning of 2026 and 2025 of $57,790 and $28,676 were recognised as revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Interest income
Interest income from bank deposits Interest income from financial assets at amortised cost
Other income
Three months ended March 31,
2026
2025
$
72,649
$
92,003
6,411
4,674
$
79,060
$
96,677
Three months ended March 31, 2026 2025
Other income
Other gains and losses
$ 987 $
1,572
Three months ended March 31, 2026 2025
Net currency exchange (losses) gains
Gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value
($
790) $
17,688
through profit or loss (Note)
157 (
30)
Losses on disposal of property, plant and
equipment
(
149) (
71)
Other losses
(
149) (
357)
($
931) $
17,230
(Note) Represents the distribution of fund income of $282 and $- and unrealized valuation loss of $125 and $30 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Finance costs
2026
2025
$
449
$
420
766
941
$
1,215
$
1,361
Three months ended March 31,
Interest expense Bank loans Lease liabilities
Expenses by nature
Three months ended March 31, 2026
Operating cost
Operating expense
Total
Employee benefits expense
$ 105,120
$ 219,204
$ 324,324
Depreciation
66,173
26,182
92,355
Amortisation
106
685
791
$ 171,399
$ 246,071
$ 417,470
Three months ended March 31, 2025
Operating cost
Operating expense
Total
Employee benefits expense
$ 100,038
$ 170,956
$ 270,994
Depreciation
57,019
23,754
80,773
Amortisation
132
635
767
$ 157,189
$ 195,345
$ 352,534
Employee benefits expense
Three months ended March 31, 2026
Operating cost
Operating expense
Total
Salaries and wages
$ 86,586
$ 172,619
$ 259,205
Labor and health insurance
expenses
7,641
7,574
15,215
Pension costs
5,401
3,697
9,098
Other personnel expenses
5,492
35,314
40,806
$ 105,120
$ 219,204
$ 324,324
Three months ended March 31, 2025
Operating
Operating
cost
expense
Total
Salaries and wages
$ 80,904
$ 129,543
$ 210,447
Labor and health insurance
expenses
8,309
7,732
16,041
Pension costs
5,376
3,461
8,837
Other personnel expenses
5,449
30,220
35,669
$ 100,038
$ 170,956
$ 270,994
According to the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, the ratio of distributable profit of the current year shall be 2% for employees' compensation, of which the rank-and-file employees' compensation shall not be less than 1% of the current year's profit, and not be higher than 3% for directors' remuneration. If the Company has accumulated deficit, earnings should be reserved to cover losses. The current year's earnings represent current year's pre-tax profit excluding employees' compensation and directors' remuneration distributed.
For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company's employees' compensation was accrued at $3,570 and $3,150, respectively; while directors' remuneration was accrued at
$5,355 and $4,725, respectively. The aforementioned amounts were recognised in salary expenses and other expenses. The expenses recognised for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were accrued based on the earnings of current period and the percentage specified in the Articles of Incorporation of the Company. The employees' compensation and directors' remuneration for 2025 as resolved by the Board of Directors were $9,758 and $14,637. The difference of ($339) between the amount resolved at the Board meeting and the amount recognised in the 2025 financial statements of $24,734 had been adjusted in profit or loss for 2026.
Information about the appropriation of employees' compensation and directors' remuneration of the Company as resolved by the Board of Directors will be posted in the "Market Observation Post System" at the website of the Taiwan Stock Exchange.
Income tax
Income tax expense
Components of income tax expense:
Three months ended March 31,
2026
2025
Current tax:
Current tax on profits for the period
$ 140,708
$ 19,313
Prior year income tax under (over)
estimation
10,593
( 4,734)
Total current tax
151,301
14,579
Deferred tax:
Origination and reversal of temporary differences
( 30,612)
56,100
Income tax expense
$ 120,689
$ 70,679
The income tax returns of the Company and subsidiaries through 2024 have been assessed and approved by the Tax Authority. The Company and subsidiaries do not have any administrative remedy as of May 11, 2026.
Earnings per share
Three months ended March 31, 2026
Weighted average number Earnings of shares outstanding per share
Amount after tax (shares in thousands) (in dollars)
Basic earnings per share
Profit attributable to ordinary
shareholders of the parent
$ 166,573
492,417
$ 0.34
Diluted earnings per share Profit attributable to ordinary
shareholders of the parent
$ 166,573
Assumed conversion of all dilutive
potential ordinary shares
Employees' compensation
-
811
Profit attributable to ordinary
shareholders of the parent plus
assumed conversion of all dilutive
potential ordinary shares
$ 166,573
493,228
$ 0.34
Three months ended March 31, 2025
Weighted average number Earnings of shares outstanding per share
Amount after tax (shares in thousands) (in dollars)
Basic earnings per share
Profit attributable to ordinary
shareholders of the parent
$ 150,374
492,417
$ 0.31
Diluted earnings per share
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent
$ 150,374
Assumed conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares
Employees' compensation
-
472
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent plus assumed conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares
$ 150,374
492,889
$ 0.31
Supplemental cash flow information
Investing activities with partial cash payments:
Three months ended March 31,
2026
2025
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
$ 12,422
$ 34,781
Add: Beginning balance of payable on equipment (listed as 'other payables')
7,272
3,391
Less: Ending balance of payable on equipment (listed as 'other payables')
Cash paid for purchase of property, plant
( 1,733) ( 6,682)
and equipment
$ 17,961
$ 31,490
Investing and financing activities with no cash flow effects:
Three months ended March 31,
2026
2025
(a) Prepayments for equipment reclassified to
property, plant and equipment
$ 34,803
$ -
(b) Appropriation of cash dividends
$ 492,417
$ 492,417
Less: Ending balance of payable on cash
dividends
( 492,417)
( 492,417)
Cash paid for cash dividends
$ -
$ -
(28) Changes in liabilities from financing activities
Long-term
borrowings
Guarantee Liabilities from
Short-term Lease (including deposits financing Three months ended March 31, 2026 borrowings liabilities current portion) received a ctivities-gross
At January 1
Changes in cash flows from
$ 70,000
$151,852 $
21,500
$10,479 $
253,831
financing activities 40,000 ( Changes in other non-cash
9,183)
16,500 284 47,601
items - 439 - - 439
At March 31
$ 110,000
$143,108
$ 38,000
$10,763
$ 301,871
Three months ended March 31, 2025
Short-term
borrowings
Lease
liabilities
Long-term
borrowings (including
current portion)
Liabilities from financing
activities-gross
At January 1
$ 110,000
$ 186,097
$ 22,500
$ 318,597
Changes in cash flows from
financing activities
( 40,000)
( 8,989)
9,500
( 39,489)
At March 31
$ 70,000
$ 177,108
$ 32,000
$ 279,108
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Names of related parties and relationship
Names of related parties Relationship with the Company Tainan Spinning Co., Ltd. (Tainan Spinning) Entity with significant influence to the Group
Lushun Warehouse Co., Ltd. (Lushun
Warehouse)
Vietnam Bao Minh Textile & Garment (Bao Minh)
Significant related party transactions
Lease transactions-lessee
Other related party
Other related party
The Group leases raw material tanks and office space from Lushun Warehouse and Tainan Spinning. Rental contracts are typically made for periods of 6 years and 20 years, respectively. Rents are paid monthly.
Lease liabilities
Outstanding balance
March 31, 2026
December 31, 2025
March 31, 2025
Tainan Spinning
$ 35,506
$ 36,338
$ 38,815
Lushun Warehouse
76,844
83,608
103,684
$ 112,350
$ 119,946
$ 142,499
Interest expense
Three months ended March 31,
2026 2025
Tainan Spinning
$ 203 $
220
Lushun Warehouse 436 579
Payables to related parties
$ 639
$ 799
March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025
Other payables
Other related party Dividend payable
(listed as 'other payables') Tainan Spinning
Endorsements and guarantees
$ 2,534
$ 105,549
$ 2,675
$ -
$ 2,520
$ 105,549
Details of provision of endorsements and guarantees to related parties are provided in Note 9.
Key management compensation
Three months ended March 31,
2026 2025
Salaries and other short-term employee benefits
$ 56,556
$ 50,256
PLEDGED ASSETS
The Group's assets pledged as collateral are as follows:
Book Value
Pledged asset March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025 Purpose
Pledged time deposits (Note 1) $
7,000 $
7,000 $
4,000
Customs guarantee Collateral for borrowing facilities
Land (Note 2)
13,703
13,703
461,888
Buildings and structures, net (Note 2)
9,807
9,858
23,675
Guarantee deposits paid
413
413
413
$ 30,923
$ 30,974
$ 489,976
Collateral for borrowing facilities
Performance guarantee
Note 1: Listed as 'Current financial assets at amortised cost'. Note 2: Listed as 'Property, plant and equipment'.
SIGNIFICANT CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND UNRECOGNISED CONTRACT COMMITMENTS
As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group's remaining balance due for construction in progress and prepayment for equipment were $108,788, $122,426 and $69,804, respectively.
As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group's unused letters of credit amounted to $-, $16,841 and $1,181, respectively.
The significant purchase contracts entered by the Group are as follows:
Quantity of purchase (in tonnes)
Suppliers Items Price March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025
CPC Corporation, Taiwan
Butadiene (BD)
Floating
19,980
19,980
19,980
Formosa Petrochemical
Butadiene (BD)
Floating
13,320
13,320
13,320
Corp.
BASF-YPC Company
Butadiene (BD)
Floating
-
23,000
23,000
Limited
NanJing GongXi
Butadiene (BD)
Floating
12,280
12,100
12,100
Chemical
NOPEC CHEMICAL
Butadiene (BD)
Floating
23,000
23,000
23,000
COMMERCIAL
HOLDING COMPANY
LIMITED
(EAST CHINA)
China Petrochemical
Acrylonitrile (AN)
Floating
18,000
18,000
18,000
Development Corp.
Formosa Plastics Corp.
Acrylonitrile (AN)
Floating
4,800
4,800
4,800
YUGE (SHANGHAI)
Acrylonitrile (AN)
Floating
10,080
10,080
10,080
CHEMICAL CO.,
Shanghai Legend
Acrylonitrile (AN)
Floating
4,800
4,800
4,800
Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
WeiQiang International
Acrylonitrile (AN)
Floating
2,622
2,622
2,622
Trade (SHANGHAI)
Co., Ltd.
Taiwan Styrene
Styrene (SM)
Floating
1,800
1,800
1,800
Monomer Corp.
As of March 31, 2026, 14,307 tonnes of BD, 8,232 tonnes of AN and 220 tonnes of SM were purchased.
Details of the Group's endorsements and guarantees are as follows:
Party being
Endorser/guarantor endorsed/ guaranteed Purpose March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025
INTERMEDIUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
Vietnam Bao Minh Textile & Garment
Guarantee for borrowings
$ 102,309
$ 106,178
$ 106,178
As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, Vietnam Bao Minh Textile & Garment has drawn from the endorsements and guarantees in the amount of $74,788, $73,468 and
$77,617, respectively.
SIGNIFICANT DISASTER LOSS
None.
SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AFTER THE BALANCE SHEET DATE
None.
OTHERS
Capital management
The Group's objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group's ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.
Financial instruments
Financial instruments by category
Details of financial instruments by category of the Group are described in Note 6, 'Financial Assets'.
Financial risk management policies
The Group's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including foreign exchange risk, price risk and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group's overall risk management programme focuses on unpredictable events in the financial market and seeks to reduce potential adverse effects on the Group's financial position and financial performance.
Risk management is carried out by a central treasury department (Group treasury) under policies approved by the board of directors. Group treasury identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks in close cooperation with the Group's operating units. The Board provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as written policies covering specific areas and matters, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative financial instruments and non-derivative financial instruments, and investment of excess liquidity.
Significant financial risks and degrees of financial risks
Market risk
Foreign exchange risk
The Group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from the transactions of the Company and its subsidiaries used in various functional currency, primarily with respect to the USD, JPY and RMB. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilities.
Management has set up a policy to require the group companies to manage its foreign exchange risk against the functional currency. The group companies are required to hedge the entire foreign exchange risk exposure with the Group treasury. Foreign exchange rate risk arises when future commercial transactions or recognised assets or liabilities are denominated in a currency that is not the entity's functional currency.
The Group has certain investments in foreign operations, whose net assets are exposed to foreign currency translation risk. Currency exposure arising from the net assets of the Group's foreign operations is managed primarily through liabilities denominated in the relevant foreign currencies.
The Group's businesses involve some non-functional currency operations (the Company's and certain subsidiaries' functional currency: NTD; other certain subsidiaries' functional currency: USD and RMB). The information on assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies whose values would be materially affected by the exchange rate fluctuations is as follows:
March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Foreign currency Foreign currency
amount
amount
(in thousands)
Exchange rate
(in thousands)
Exchange rate
Financial assets
Monetary items
USD : NTD $ 22,890
32.00
$ 21,776
31.43
USD : RMB 33,166
6.90
32,277
6.99
JPY : NTD 29,300
0.2005
8,361
0.2008
Non-monetary items
KRW : NTD 4,128,198
0.0211
4,128,198
0.0217
Financial liabilities
Monetary items
USD : NTD
3,617
32.00
4,429
31.43
JPY : NTD
-
-
1,241
0.2008
March 31, 2025 Foreign currency
amount
Financial assets Monetary items
(in thousands)
Exchange rate
USD : NTD
$ 40,541
33.21
USD : RMB
34,848
7.26
JPY : NTD
42,038
0.2227
Financial liabilities Monetary items
USD : NTD 2,830 33.21
JPY : NTD 4,940 0.2227
Sensitivity analysis of foreign exchange risk is primarily for foreign currency monetary items at financial reporting date. If NTD had appreciated/depreciated by 1% against USD, RMB, EUR and JPY, the Group's net profit after tax for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 would have increased/decreased by $12,939 and
$18,770, respectively.
The total exchange (loss) gain, including realised and unrealised, arising from significant foreign exchange variation on the monetary items held by the Group for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 amounted to ($790) and $17,688, respectively.
Price risk
The Group's equity securities, which are exposed to price risk, are the held financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income. To manage its price risk arising from investments in equity securities, the Group diversifies its portfolio. Diversification of the portfolio is done in accordance with the limits set by the Group.
The Group's investments in equity securities comprise shares issued by the domestic and foreign companies. The prices of equity securities would change due to the change of the future value of investee companies. If the prices of these equity securities had increased/decreased by 1% with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 would have increased/decreased by
$418 and $300, respectively, as a result of gains/losses on equity securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss. Other components of equity would have increased/decreased by $6,412 and $6,397, respectively, as a result of other comprehensive income on equity investment classified as at fair value through other comprehensive income.
Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk
The Group's main interest rate risk arises from bank borrowings with floating rates,
which expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group's borrowings at floating rate were mainly denominated in New Taiwan dollars.
The Group's borrowings are long-term and short-term borrowings with floating interest rates. Therefore, changes in market interest rates will change the effective interest rates of the borrowings and cause fluctuations in their future cash flows. However, there is no significant effect on profit after tax.
Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk of financial loss to the Group arising from default by the clients or counterparties of financial instruments on the contract obligations. The main factor is that counterparties could not repay in full the accounts receivable based on the agreed terms, and the contract cash flows of debt instruments stated at amortised cost and at fair value through other comprehensive income.
The Group manages its credit risk taking into consideration the entire Group's concern. According to the Group's credit policy, each local entity in the Group is responsible for managing and analysing the credit risk for each of its new clients before standard payment and delivery terms and conditions are offered. Internal risk control assesses the credit quality of the customers, taking into account their financial position, past experience and other factors. Individual risk limits are set based on internal or external ratings in accordance with limits set by management. The utilisation of credit limits is regularly monitored.
The Group adopts the assumption under IFRS 9, that is, if the contract payments were past due over 30 days based on the terms, there has been a significant increase in credit risk on that instrument since initial recognition.
The Group adopts the assumption under IFRS 9, that is, the default occurs when the contract payments are past due over 90 days.
The Group classifies customer's accounts receivable in accordance with credit rating of customer and customer types. The Group applies the modified approach using loss rate methodology to estimate expected credit loss under the provision matrix basis.
The Group used the forecastability to adjust historical and timely information to assess the default possibility of accounts receivable as the Group's counterparties are all with high credit quality and have no default record after assessment.
Movements in relation to the Group applying the modified approach to provide loss allowance for accounts receivable are as follows:
Three months ended March 31,
2026
2025
At January 1
$ 256
$ 897
Expected credit impairment loss (gain)
15
( 152)
Effect of foreign exchange
9
8
At March 31
$ 280
$ 753
Liquidity risk
Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating entities of the Group and aggregated by the Group treasury. Group treasury monitors rolling forecasts of the Group's liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs while maintaining sufficient headroom on its undrawn committed borrowing facilities at all times so that the Group does not breach borrowing limits or covenants (where applicable) on any of its borrowing facilities.
Surplus cash held by the operating entities over and above the balance required for working capital management are invested in interest bearing current accounts, time deposits and marketable securities, choosing instruments with appropriate maturities or sufficient liquidity to provide sufficient headroom as determined by the abovementioned forecasts, that are expected to readily generate cash inflows for managing liquidity risk.
The Group has the following undrawn borrowing facilities:
March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025
Floating rate:
Expiring within one year $ 2,001,985 $ 3,429,132 $ 3,597,372
The table below analyses the Group's non-derivative financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.
Between 1 Between 2 Over 5
March 31, 2026 Less than 1 year and 2 years and 5 years years Non-derivative financial
liabilities
Short-term borrowings | $ 110,290 | $ - | $ - | $ - |
Note payable | 59 | - | - | - |
Accounts payable | 275,792 | - | - | - |
Other payables | 1,097,094 | - | - | - |
Lease liabilities | 39,554 | 38,764 | 50,465 | 24,195 |
Long-term borrowings (including current portion) | 14,599 | 14,376 | 10,125 | - |
Guarantee deposits received | - | - | - | 10,763 |
