Nantex Industry Co LtdTWSE: 2108

Consolidated financial statements 2026q1

· Issued by Nantex Industry Co Ltd
NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REVIEW REPORT MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025

For the convenience of readers and for information purpose only, the auditors' report and the accompanying financial statements have been translated into English from the original Chinese version prepared and used in the Republic of China. In the event of any discrepancy between the English version and the original Chinese version or any differences in the interpretation of the two versions, the Chinese-language auditors' report and financial statements shall prevail.

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REVIEW REPORT TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD.

Introduction

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. and subsidiaries (the "Group") as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, of changes in equity and of cash flows for the three months then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of material accounting policies. Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and International Accounting Standard 34, "Interim Financial Reporting" that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission. Our responsibility is to express a conclusion on these consolidated financial statements based on our reviews.

Scope of review

We conducted our reviews in accordance with the Standard on Review Engagements 2410, "Review of Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity" of the Republic of China. A review of consolidated financial statements consists of making inquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. A review is substantially less in scope than an audit and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.

Conclusion

Based on our reviews, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the accompanying consolidated financial statements do not present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Group as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, and of its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the three months then ended in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and International Accounting Standard 34, "Interim Financial Reporting" that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission.

Independent Accountants

Hsu, Huei-Yu Tien, Chung-Yu

PricewaterhouseCoopers, Taiwan Republic of China

May 11, 2026

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are not intended to present the financial position and results of operations and cash flows in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in countries and jurisdictions other than the Republic of China. The standards, procedures and practices in the Republic of China governing the audit of such financial statements may differ from those generally accepted in countries and jurisdictions other than the Republic of China. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and independent auditors' report are not intended for use by those who are not informed about the accounting principles or auditing standards generally accepted in the Republic of China, and their applications in practice.

As the financial statements are the responsibility of the management, PricewaterhouseCoopers Taiwan cannot accept any liability for the use of, or reliance on, the English translation or for any errors or misunderstandings that may derive from the translation.

NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

MARCH 31, 2026, DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND MARCH 31, 2025

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

March 31, 2025

Assets Notes AMOUNT %

AMOUNT %

AMOUNT %

Current assets

1100

Cash and cash equivalents

6(1)

$ 9,490,424

51

$ 9,551,171

52

$ 9,928,522

54

1110

Current financial assets at fair

value through profit or loss

6(2)

41,760

-

41,885

-

30,000

-

1136

Current financial assets at

amortised cost

6(1)(3) and 8

1,728,464

9

1,511,882

8

519,609

3

1150

Notes receivable, net

6(4)

136,097

1

136,834

1

124,788

1

1170

Accounts receivable, net

6(4)

950,763

5

804,286

4

839,059

4

1200

Other receivables

30,249

-

21,114

-

136,909

1

1220

Current income tax assets

53,137

-

106,505

1

36,013

-

130X

Inventories

6(5)

1,379,684

7

1,317,031

7

1,960,473

11

1410

Prepayments

461,116

3

287,139

2

361,035

2

11XX

Total current assets

14,271,694

76

13,777,847

75

13,936,408

76

1517

Non-current assets

Non-current financial assets at

6(6)

fair value through other

comprehensive income

641,249

3

676,350

4

639,712

4

1600

Property, plant and equipment

6(7) and 8

2,600,966

14

2,610,294

14

2,554,940

14

1755

Right-of-use assets

6(8) and 7

167,574

1

175,735

1

202,940

1

1780

Intangible assets

6(9)

8,995

-

9,362

-

10,143

-

1840

Deferred income tax assets

6(25)

7,619

-

17,693

-

14,280

-

1915

Prepayments for equipment

218,515

1

198,817

1

175,271

1

1920

Guarantee deposits paid

8

696

-

696

-

683

-

1975

Net defined benefit asset

289,852

2

288,584

2

239,221

1

1990

Other non-current assets

652,622

3

602,205

3

526,311

3

15XX

Total non-current assets

4,588,088

24

4,579,736

25

4,363,501

24

1XXX

Total assets

$ 18,859,782

100

$ 18,357,583

100

$ 18,299,909

100

(Continued)

NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

MARCH 31, 2026, DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND MARCH 31, 2025

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025

Liabilities and Equity Notes AMOUNT % AMOUNT % AMOUNT %

Current liabilities

2100

Short-term borrowings

6(10)

$ 110,000

1

$ 70,000

-

$ 70,000

-

2130

Current contract liabilities

6(18)

151,337

1

63,124

-

40,242

-

2150

Notes payable

59

-

-

-

67

-

2170

Accounts payable

275,792

1

296,981

2

302,503

2

2200

Other payables

6(11)(17) and

7

1,097,094

6

713,403

4

947,027

5

2230

Current income tax liabilities

165,359

1

96,493

1

279,954

2

2280

Current lease liabilities

7

36,925

-

36,711

-

36,163

-

2320

Long-term liabilities, current

6(12) and 8

portion

14,000

-

14,000

-

14,000

-

21XX

Total current liabilities

1,850,566

10

1,290,712

7

1,689,956

9

Non-current liabilities

2540

Long-term borrowings

6(12) and 8

24,000

-

7,500

-

18,000

-

2570

Deferred income tax liabilities

6(25)

412,529

2

453,215

2

428,239

2

2580

Non-current lease liabilities

7

106,183

1

115,141

1

140,945

1

2640

Net defined benefit liabilities

-

-

368

-

7,161

-

2645

Guarantee deposits received

10,763

-

10,479

-

-

-

25XX

Total non-current

liabilities

553,475

3

586,703

3

594,345

3

2XXX

Total liabilities

2,404,041

13

1,877,415

10

2,284,301

12

Equity

Equity attributable to owners of

parent

Share capital

6(14)

3110

Common stock

4,924,167

26

4,924,167

27

4,924,167

27

Capital surplus

6(15)(16)

3200

Capital surplus

51,421

-

51,421

-

29,204

-

Retained earnings

6(17)

3310

Legal reserve

2,681,888

14

2,681,888

15

2,620,943

14

3320

Special reserve

433,442

3

433,442

2

433,442

2

3350

Unappropriated retained

earnings

5,884,100

31

6,209,944

34

5,972,471

33

Other equity interest

3400

Other equity interest

6(6)

324,316

2

135,787

1

628,600

4

31XX

Total equity attributable to

owners of the parent

14,299,334

76

14,436,649

79

14,608,827

80

36XX

Non-controlling interest

4(3)

2,156,407

11

2,043,519

11

1,406,781

8

3XXX

Total equity

16,455,741

87

16,480,168

90

16,015,608

88

Significant contingent liabilities

7 and 9

and unrecognised contract

commitments

3X2X

Total liabilities and equity

$ 18,859,782

100

$ 18,357,583

100

$ 18,299,909

100

NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars, except for earnings per share amounts)

Three months ended March 31

2026 2025

Items Notes AMOUNT % AMOUNT %

4000

Operating revenue

6(18)

$ 2,595,684

100

$ 2,271,211

100

5000

Operating costs

6(5)(9)(13)(23)(24)

( 1,888,697) (

72) (

1,728,594) (

76)

5900

Net operating margin

706,987

28

542,617

24

Operating expenses

6(9)(13)(23)(24)

and 12

6100

Selling expenses

( 121,925) (

5) (

128,215) (

6)

6200

General and administrative expenses

( 236,859) (

9) (

196,190) (

9)

6300

Research and development expenses

( 25,939) (

1) (

23,309) (

1)

6450

Expected credit impairment (loss)

gain

( 15)

-

152

-

6000

Total operating expenses

( 384,738) (

15) (

347,562) (

16)

6900

Operating profit

322,249

13

195,055

8

Non-operating income and expenses

7100

Interest income

6(3)(19)

79,060

3

96,677

4

7010

Other income

6(20)

987

-

1,572

-

7020

Other gains and losses

6(2)(21) and 12

( 931)

-

17,230

1

7050

Finance costs

6(8)(22) and 7

( 1,215)

- (

1,361)

-

7000

Total non-operating income and expenses

77,901

3

114,118

5

7900

Profit before income tax

400,150

16

309,173

13

7950

Income tax expense

6(25)

( 120,689) (

5) (

70,679) (

3)

8200

Profit for the year

$ 279,461

11

$ 238,494

10

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Components of other comprehensive

income (loss) that will not be

reclassified to profit or loss

8316

Unrealised (losses) gains on

financial assets measured at fair

6(6)

value through other comprehensive

income

($ 37,469) (

2)

$ 28,631

1

Components of other comprehensive income (loss) that will be reclassified to profit or loss

8361

Financial statements translation

differences of foreign operations

225,998

9

148,804

7

8300

Other comprehensive income for the

year

$ 188,529

7

$ 177,435

8

8500

Total comprehensive income for the

year

$ 467,990

18

$ 415,929

18

Profit attributable to:

8610

Owners of the parent

$ 166,573

7

$ 150,374

6

8620

Non-controlling interest

112,888

4

88,120

4

Profit for the year

$ 279,461

11

$ 238,494

10

8710

Comprehensive income attributable to: Owners of the parent

$ 355,102

14

$ 327,809

14

8720

Non-controlling interest

112,888

4

88,120

4

Total comprehensive income for the

year

$ 467,990

18

$ 415,929

18

Earnings per share (in dollars)

6(26)

9750

Basic

$

0.34

$

0.31

9850

Diluted

$

0.34

$

0.31

NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

Equity attributable to owners of the parent

Capital Surplus Retained Earnings Other Equity Interest

Unrealised gains (losses) from financial assets

Changes in ownership interest

Unappropriated

Financial statements translation

differences of

measured at fair value through other comprehensive

Non-controlling

Notes Common stock of subsidiaries Legal reserve Special reserve retained earnings foreign operations income Total interest Total equity

Three months ended March 31, 2025

Balance at January 1, 2025

$ 4,924,167

$ 29,204

$ 2,620,943

$ 433,442

$ 6,314,514

$ 307,218

$ 143,947

$ 14,773,435

$ 1,318,661

$ 16,092,096

Profit for the period

-

-

-

-

150,374

-

-

150,374

88,120

238,494

Other comprehensive income for the period

6(6)

-

-

-

-

-

148,804

28,631

177,435

-

177,435

Total comprehensive income for the period

-

-

-

-

150,374

148,804

28,631

327,809

88,120

415,929

Distribution of 2024 net income: Cash dividends

6(17)

-

-

-

- (

492,417 )

-

- (

492,417 )

- (

492,417 )

Balance at March 31, 2025

$ 4,924,167

$ 29,204

$ 2,620,943

$ 433,442

$ 5,972,471

$ 456,022

$ 172,578

$ 14,608,827

$ 1,406,781

$ 16,015,608

Three months ended March 31, 2026

Balance at January 1, 2026

$ 4,924,167

$ 51,421

$ 2,681,888

$ 433,442

$ 6,209,944

$ 8,692

$ 127,095

$ 14,436,649

$ 2,043,519

$ 16,480,168

Profit for the period

-

-

-

-

166,573

-

-

166,573

112,888

279,461

Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period

6(6)

-

-

-

-

-

225,998

(

37,469 )

188,529

-

188,529

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period

-

-

-

-

166,573

225,998

(

37,469 )

355,102

112,888

467,990

Distribution of 2025 net income: Cash dividends

6(17)

-

-

-

- (

492,417 )

-

- (

492,417 )

- (

492,417 )

Balance at March 31, 2026

$ 4,924,167

$ 51,421

$ 2,681,888

$ 433,442

$ 5,884,100

$ 234,690

$ 89,626

$ 14,299,334

$ 2,156,407

$ 16,455,741

NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

Three months ended March 31

Notes

2026

2025

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Profit before tax

$ 400,150

$ 309,173

Adjustments

Adjustments to reconcile profit (loss)

Losses on valuation of financial assets at fair

6(2)(21)

value through profit or loss

125

30

Expected credit impairment loss (gain)

12

15

(

152 )

Reversal of provision for inventory market price

6(5)

decline

(

3,435 )

(

734 )

Depreciation

6(7)(8)(23)

92,355

80,773

Losses on disposals of property, plant and

6(21)

equipment

149

71

Amortisation

6(9)(23)

791

767

Interest income

6(19)

(

79,060 )

(

96,677 )

Interest expense

6(22)

1,215

1,361

Changes in operating assets and liabilities Changes in operating assets

Notes receivable

737

24,346

Accounts receivable

(

146,501 )

156,984

Other receivables

(

11,274 )

(

77,000 )

Inventories

(

59,218 )

(

259,511 )

Prepayments

(

173,977 )

3,304

Net defined benefit assets

(

1,268 )

(

779 )

Other non-current assets

(

1,032 )

(

12,415 )

Changes in operating liabilities

Current contract liabilities

88,213

(

2,956 )

Notes payable

59

67

Accounts payable

(

21,189 )

(

121,054 )

Other payables

(

103,222 )

(

256,031 )

Net defined benefit liabilities

( 368 )

1,078

Cash outflow generated from operations

( 16,735 )

( 249,355 )

Interest received

81,199

98,846

Interest paid

( 1,180 )

( 1,375 )

Income tax paid

( 29,067 )

( 54,277 )

Net cash flows from (used in) operating

activities

34,217

( 206,161 )

(Continued)

NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

Three months ended March 31

Notes 2026 2025

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Cash paid for acquisition of current financial assets

at amortised cost

($

288,000 )

($ 225,707 )

Proceeds from disposal of current financial assets at

amortised cost

71,418

131,814

Cash paid for acquisition of property, plant and

6(27)

equipment

(

17,961 )

( 31,490 )

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and

equipment

32

2

Increase in intangible assets

6(9)

(

213 )

(

41 )

Increase in prepayments for equipment

(

54,501 )

(

50,792 )

Increase in other non-current assets

(

49,385 )

(

89 )

Net cash flows used in investing activities

(

338,610 )

(

176,303 )

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings

6(28)

40,000

(

40,000 )

Payment of lease liabilities

6(28)

(

9,183 )

(

8,989 )

Increase in long-term borrowings

6(28)

30,000

12,000

Decrease in long-term borrowings

6(28)

(

13,500 )

(

2,500 )

Increase in guarantee deposits received

6(28)

284

-

Net cash flows from (used in) financing

activities

47,601

(

39,489 )

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes

196,045

131,059

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

(

60,747 )

(

290,894 )

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

6(1)

9,551,171

10,219,416

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

6(1)

$ 9,490,424

$ 9,928,522

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars, except as otherwise indicated)

  1. HISTORY AND ORGANISATION

    1. NANTEX INDUSTRY CO., LTD. (the "Company") was incorporated as a company limited by shares under the provisions of the Company Act of the Republic of China (R.O.C.) on January 10, 1979. The Company and its subsidiaries (collectively referred herein as the "Group") are primarily engaged in the manufacture, processing and sales of various types of latex, rubber and related products.

    2. The common shares of the Company have been listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange since October 27, 1992.

  2. THE DATE OF AUTHORISATION FOR ISSUANCE OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL

    STATEMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR AUTHORISATION

    These consolidated financial statements were authorised for issuance by the Board of Directors on May 11, 2026.

  3. APPLICATION OF NEW STANDARDS, AMENDMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS

    1. Effect of the adoption of new issuances of or amendments to International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS®") Accounting Standards that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission ("FSC")

      New standards, interpretations and amendments endorsed by the FSC and became effective from 2026 are as follows:

      Effective date by International Accounting

      New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments Standards Board ("IASB")

      Specific provisions of Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7, 'Amendments to the classification and measurement of financial instruments'

      Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7, 'Contracts referencing nature-dependent electricity'

      January 1, 2026

      January 1, 2026

      IFRS 17, 'Insurance contracts' January 1, 2023

      Amendments to IFRS 17, 'Insurance contracts' January 1, 2023

      Amendment to IFRS 17, 'Initial application of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 -

      comparative information'

      January 1, 2023

      Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards-Volume 11 January 1, 2026

      The above standards and interpretations have no significant impact to the Group's financial condition and financial performance based on the Group's assessment.

    2. Effect of new issuances of or amendments to IFRS Accounting Standards as endorsed by the FSC but not yet adopted by the Group

      None.

    3. IFRS Accounting Standards issued by IASB but not yet endorsed by the FSC

      New standards, interpretations and amendments issued by IASB but not yet included in the IFRS Accounting Standards as endorsed by the FSC are as follows:

      New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments Effective date by IASB

      Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28, 'Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture'

      To be determined by IASB

      IFRS 18, 'Presentation and disclosure in financial statements' January 1, 2027 (Note) IFRS 19, 'Subsidiaries without public accountability: disclosures' January 1, 2027

      Amendments to IAS 21, 'Translation to a Hyperinflationary Presentation Currency

      January 1, 2027

      (Note)The FSC has announced in a press release on September 25, 2025 that public companies will apply IFRS 18 starting from the fiscal year 2028. Additionally, entities can choose to adopt IFRS 18 earlier based on their requirements after the FSC endorses IFRS 18.

      Except for the following, the above standards and interpretations have no significant impact to the Group's financial condition and financial performance based on the Group's assessment.

      IFRS 18, 'Presentation and disclosure in financial statements'

      IFRS 18, 'Presentation and disclosure in financial statements' replaces IAS 1. The standard introduces a defined structure of the statement of profit or loss, disclosure requirements related to management-defined performance measures, and enhanced principles on aggregation and disaggregation which apply to the primary financial statements and notes.

  4. SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

    The principal accounting policies adopted are consistent with Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, except for the compliance statement, basis of preparation and basis of consolidation as set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the periods presented, unless otherwise stated.

    1. Compliance statement

      1. The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and the International Accounting Standard 34, 'Interim financial reporting' that came into effect as endorsed by the FSC.

      2. The consolidated financial statements of the Group should be read together with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.

    2. Basis of preparation

      1. Except for the following items, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention:

        1. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

        2. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income.

        3. Defined benefit assets or liabilities recognised based on the net amount of pension fund assets less present value of defined benefit obligation.

      2. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with International Financial Reporting

        Standards, International Accounting Standards, IFRIC® Interpretations, and SIC® Interpretations that came into effect as endorsed by the FSC (collectively referred herein as the "IFRSs") requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 5, 'Critical accounting judgements, estimates and key sources of assumption uncertainty'.

    3. Basis of consolidation

      1. Basis for preparation of consolidated financial statements:

        The basis for preparation of these consolidated financial statements is consistent with those for the preparation of consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.

      2. Subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements:

        Ownership (%)

        Name of investor Name of subsidiary Business activities

        March 31,

        2026

        December 31,

        2025

        Note

        NANTEX

        INTERMEDIUM

        General

        100.00%

        100.00%

        -

        INDUSTRY CO.,

        INTERNATIONAL

        investments

        LTD.

        LIMITED

        Nanmat Technology

        CVD materials and

        40.57%

        40.57%

        (Note1)

        Co., Ltd.

        metal surface

        (Note2)

        treatment

        INTERMEDIUM

        Zhenjiang Nantex

        chemicals Manufacture and

        100.00%

        100.00%

        -

        INTERNATIONAL

        Chemical Industry

        sales of rubber

        LIMITED

        Co., Ltd.

        and latex

        Ownership (%)

        March 31,

        Name of investor Name of subsidiary Business activities 2025 Note

        NANTEX

        INTERMEDIUM

        General

        100.00%

        -

        INDUSTRY CO.,

        INTERNATIONAL

        investments

        LTD.

        LIMITED

        Nanmat Technology

        CVD materials and

        41.00%

        (Note1)

        Co., Ltd.

        metal surface

        treatment

        INTERMEDIUM

        Zhenjiang Nantex

        chemicals Manufacture and

        100.00%

        -

        INTERNATIONAL

        Chemical Industry

        sales of rubber

        LIMITED

        Co., Ltd.

        and latex

        Note 1:The Group held a relative majority interest in Nanmat Technology Co., Ltd. and a relative majority of the seats in the company's Board of Directors. Based on the comprehensive assessment, the Group has the right to govern the entity's financial or operating policies. Accordingly, the entity was included in the consolidated financial statements.

        Note 2:The subsidiary, Nanmat Technology Co., Ltd., increased its capital for the year ended December 31, 2025. As the Group did not acquire shares proportionately, the shareholding ratio was decreased from 41.00% to 40.57%. The Group recognised the adjustment of investments accounted for under equity method not acquired proportionately to shareholding ratio amounting to $9,856 (shown as contract account of 'capital surplus'). The related information is provided in Note 6(6) Investments accounted for under equity method of the parent company only financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.

      3. Subsidiaries not included in the consolidated financial statements: None.

      4. Adjustments for subsidiaries with different balance sheet dates: None.

      5. Significant restrictions: None.

      6. Subsidiaries that have non-controlling interests that are material to the Group:

        As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the non-controlling interest were NT$2,156,407, NT$2,043,519 and NT$1,406,781, respectively. Information on the subsidiary that has non-controlling interest that is significant to the Group is as follows:

        Non-controlling interest

        March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025

        Principal place

        Ownership

        Ownership

        Name of subsidiary of business Amount (%) Amount (%) Nanmat Technology

        Co., Ltd. Taiwan

        $ 2,156,407

        59.43%

        $ 2,043,519

        59.43%

        Principal place

        Name of subsidiary of business Nanmat Technology

        Non-controlling interest

        March 31, 2025

        Ownership

        Amount (%)

        Co., Ltd. Taiwan

        Summary of financial information of subsidiary:

        $ 1,406,781

        59.00%

        Balance sheets Nanmat Technology Co., Ltd.

        March 31, 2026

        December 31, 2025

        March 31, 2025

        Current Assets

        $ 2,893,850

        $ 2,771,994

        $ 1,987,383

        Non-current Assets

        1,377,163

        1,301,417

        986,173

        Current Liabilities

        (

        594,608)

        (

        601,685)

        (

        535,462)

        Non-current Liabilities ( 47,922) ( 33,195) ( 53,720)

        Total net assets

        $ 3,628,483

        $ 3,438,531

        $ 2,384,374

        Statements of comprehensive Income

        Three months ended March 31,

        2026

        2025

        Revenue

        $ 724,908

        $ 600,268

        Profit for the period

        Other comprehensive income

        $ 189,952

        -

        $ 149,355

        -

        Total comprehensive income

        $ 189,952

        $ 149,355

        Dividends paid to non-controlling interest

        $ -

        $ -

        Statements of cash flows

        Three months ended March 31,

        2026

        2025

        Net cash provided by operating activities

        $ 50,899

        $ 59,067

        Net cash used in investing activities

        ( 277,886) (

        171,931)

        Net cash provided by financing activities

        55,109

        18,131

        Decrease in cash and cash equivalents

        ( 171,878) (

        94,733)

        Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

        584,995

        699,442

        Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

        $ 413,117

        $ 604,709

    4. Employee benefits

      Pension cost for the interim period is calculated on a year-to-date basis by using the pension cost rate derived from the actuarial valuation at the end of the prior financial year, adjusted for significant market fluctuations since that time and for significant curtailments, settlements, or other significant one-off events. Also, the related information is disclosed accordingly.

    5. Income tax

      The interim period income tax expense is recognised based on the estimated average annual effective income tax rate expected for the full financial year applied to the pretax income of the interim period, and the related information is disclosed accordingly.

  5. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS, ESTIMATES AND KEY SOURCES OF ASSUMPTION UNCERTAINTY

    There have been no significant changes during the period. Refer to Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.

  6. DETAILS OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTS

    1. Cash and cash equivalents

      March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025

      Cash:

      Cash on hand

      $

      338

      $

      337

      $

      353

      Checking accounts and demand

      deposits

      2,248,029

      1,806,354

      1,868,662

      2,248,367

      1,806,691

      1,869,015

      Cash equivalents: Time deposits

      7,242,057

      7,744,480

      8,059,507

      $ 9,490,424

      $ 9,551,171

      $ 9,928,522

      1. The Group transacts with a variety of financial institutions all with high credit quality to disperse credit risk, so it expects that the probability of counterparty default is remote.

      2. As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group's time deposits maturing in excess of three months and within one year were classified as 'Current financial assets at amortised cost'.

      3. The Group classified cash and cash equivalents pledged as collateral as 'Current financial assets at amortised cost'.

    2. Current financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

      March 31, 2026

      December 31, 2025

      March 31, 2025

      Financial assets mandatorily

      measured at fair value

      through profit or loss

      Beneficiary certificates

      $ 41,760

      $ 41,760

      $ 30,000

      Valuation adjustment

      -

      125

      -

      $ 41,760

      $ 41,885

      $ 30,000

      1. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group recognised net loss from changes in fair values in the amount of $125 and $30, respectively. The Group recognised gain from the distribution of investment income in the amount of $282 and $-, respectively (listed as 'Other gains and losses').

      2. The Group has no financial assets at fair value through profit or loss pledged to others as of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025.

    3. Current financial assets at amortised cost

      March 31, 2026

      December 31, 2025

      March 31, 2025

      Time deposits maturing over three

      $ 1,721,464

      $ 1,504,882

      $ 515,609

      months

      Time deposits pledged

      7,000

      7,000

      4,000

      $ 1,728,464

      $ 1,511,882

      $ 519,609

      1. The Group recognised interest income in profit or loss in relation to financial assets at amortised cost in the amount of $6,411 and $4,674 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

      2. As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk in respect of the amount that best represents the financial assets at amortised cost held by the Group was the carrying amount.

      3. As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group's financial assets at amortised cost pledged to others as collateral are provided in Note 8, 'Pledged assets'.

      4. Information relating to credit risk of financial assets at amortised cost is provided in Note 12(2), 'Financial instruments'. The counterparties of the Group's investments in certificates of deposits are financial institutions with high credit quality, so the Group expects that the probability of counterparty default is remote.

        March 31, 2026

        $ 136,097

        December 31, 2025

        $ 136,834

        March 31, 2025

        $ 124,788

        $ 951,043

        $ 804,542

        $ 839,812

        ( 280)

        ( 256)

        ( 753)

        $ 950,763

        $ 804,286

        $ 839,059

    4. Notes and accounts receivable, net

      Notes receivable

      Accounts receivable Less: Loss allowance

      1. The ageing analysis of notes receivable and accounts receivable is as follows:

        March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025

        Accounts

        receivable

        Notes

        receivable

        Accounts

        receivable

        Notes

        receivable

        Not past due

        $ 835,579

        $ 136,097

        $ 692,590

        $ 136,834

        Less than 90 days

        114,397

        -

        111,944

        -

        Over 91 days

        1,067

        -

        8

        -

        $ 951,043

        $ 136,097

        $ 804,542

        $ 136,834

        March 31, 2025 Accounts Notes

        receivable

        receivable

        Not past due

        $ 617,717

        $ 124,788

        Less than 90 days

        199,695

        -

        Over 91 days

        22,400

        -

        $ 839,812

        $ 124,788

        The above ageing analysis was based on past due date.

      2. As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the balance of notes receivable and accounts receivable were all from contracts with customers. As of January 1, 2025, the balance

        of receivables from contracts with customers amounted to $1,145,930.

      3. As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group both has no notes receivable and accounts receivable pledged to others as collateral.

      4. Without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk was the carrying amount.

      5. Information relating to credit risk of notes and accounts receivable is provided in Note 12(2), 'Financial instruments'.

    5. Inventories

      March 31, 2026 Allowance for

      Cost

      market price decline

      Book value

      Merchandise

      $ 2,986

      ($ 587)

      $ 2,399

      Raw materials

      735,230

      ( 16,795)

      718,435

      Supplies

      68,893

      ( 82)

      68,811

      Work in progress

      185,978

      ( 3,427)

      182,551

      Finished goods

      431,811

      ( 24,323)

      407,488

      $ 1,424,898

      ($ 45,214)

      $ 1,379,684

      December 31, 2025 Allowance for

      Cost

      market price decline

      Book value

      Merchandise

      $ 2,287

      ($ 586)

      $ 1,701

      Raw materials

      717,872

      ( 19,825)

      698,047

      Supplies

      65,145

      ( 82)

      65,063

      Work in progress

      164,105

      ( 3,427)

      160,678

      Finished goods

      416,271

      ( 24,729)

      391,542

      $ 1,365,680

      ($ 48,649)

      $ 1,317,031

      Cost

      market price decline

      Book value

      Merchandise

      $ 3,350

      ($ 723)

      $ 2,627

      Raw materials

      885,488

      ( 18,546)

      866,942

      Supplies

      65,933

      ( 71)

      65,862

      Work in progress

      142,962

      ( 3,304)

      139,658

      Finished goods

      911,401

      ( 26,017)

      885,384

      $ 2,009,134

      ($ 48,661)

      $ 1,960,473

      March 31, 2025 Allowance for

      The cost of inventories recognised as expense for the period:

      Three months ended March 31,

      2026 2025

      Cost of goods sold

      Reversal of allowance for inventory market price

      $ 1,897,581

      $ 1,729,137

      decline (Note)

      ( 3,435)

      ( 734)

      (Gain) loss on physical inventory

      ( 1,521)

      3,490

      Revenue from sale of scraps

      ( 3,928)

      ( 3,299)

      $ 1,888,697

      $ 1,728,594

      (Note) For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group reversed a previous inventory write-down which was accounted for as reduction of cost of goods sold because the inventories which were previously provided with allowance were subsequently used and sold.

    6. Non-current financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

      March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025

      $ 176,560

      $ 156,760

      $ 53,220

      464,689

      519,590

      586,492

      $ 641,249

      $ 676,350

      $ 639,712

      Equity instruments Listed stocks Unlisted stocks

      1. On December 30, 2025, the Group's subsidiary, Nanmat Technology Co., Ltd., invested in JITech Co., Ltd. for a total consideration of $89,560. The purpose of the subsidiary's investment was to strengthen the relationships with suppliers. The transfer of the equity instrument is restricted within two years.

      2. The Group has elected to classify equity investments that are considered to be strategic investments and steady dividend income as financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income.

      3. Amounts recognised in other comprehensive income in relation to the financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income are listed below:

        Three months ended March 31,

        2026 2025

        Equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income

        Fair value change recognised in other comprehensive income

        Held at end of period

        ($ 37,469)

        $ 28,631

      4. As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk in respect of the amount that best represents the financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income held by the Group was the carrying amount.

      5. The Group has no financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income pledged to others as collateral.

    7. Property, plant and equipment

      Buildings Machinery

      Unfinished construction

      Land

      and and

      Leasehold Other

      and equipment

      Land

      improvements

      structures equipment

      improvements equipment

      under acceptance Total

      At January 1, 2026

      Cost

      $ 461,888

      $ 19,724

      $ 2,051,433 $ 6,351,104

      $ 7,960 $ 878,531

      $ 72,563 $ 9,843,203

      Accumulated depreciation

      -

      ( 18,322)

      ( 1,372,148) ( 5,156,078)

      ( 7,289) ( 679,072)

      - ( 7,232,909)

      $ 461,888

      $ 1,402

      $ 679,285 $ 1,195,026

      $ 671 $ 199,459

      $ 72,563 $ 2,610,294

      Three months ended March 31, 2026

      At January 1

      $ 461,888

      $ 1,402

      $ 679,285 $ 1,195,026

      $ 671 $ 199,459

      $ 72,563 $ 2,610,294

      Additions - cost

      -

      -

      1,797 578

      - 2,325

      7,722 12,422

      Transferred from prepayments

      for equipment

      -

      -

      - 25,152

      - 9,651

      - 34,803

      Disposal - cost

      -

      -

      - ( 1,640)

      - ( 2,367)

      - ( 4,007)

      - accumulated depreciation

      -

      -

      - 1,506

      - 2,320

      - 3,826

      Depreciation

      -

      (

      96)

      (

      18,155)

      (

      50,644)

      (

      92)

      (

      13,796)

      -

      (

      82,783)

      Net exchange differences

      -

      - 6,076 18,464 - 1,292

      579

      26,411

      At March 31

      $ 461,888

      $ 1,306 $ 669,003 $ 1,188,442 $ 579 $ 198,884

      $ 80,864

      $ 2,600,966

      At March 31, 2026

      Cost

      $ 461,888

      $

      19,724 $ 2,071,876 $ 6,465,219 $

      7,960 $ 895,152

      $

      80,864

      $ 10,002,683

      Accumulated depreciation

      -

      ( 18,418) ( 1,402,873) ( 5,276,777) ( 7,381) ( 696,268)

      -

      ( 7,401,717)

      $ 461,888

      $ 1,306 $ 669,003 $ 1,188,442 $ 579 $ 198,884

      $ 80,864

      $ 2,600,966

      At January 1, 2025

      Unfinished

      Buildings Machinery construction Land and and Leasehold Other and equipment

      Land improvements structures equipment improvements equipment under acceptance Total

      Cost

      $ 461,888 $

      18,474

      $ 1,890,189 $

      6,127,734 $

      7,960

      $ 831,219 $

      175,676

      $ 9,513,140

      Accumulated depreciation - ( 17,867) ( 1,308,776) ( 4,972,834) ( 6,619) ( 630,895) - ( 6,936,991)

      $ 461,888 $ 607 $ 581,413 $ 1,154,900 $ 1,341 $ 200,324 $ 175,676 $ 2,576,149

      Three months ended March 31, 2025

      At January 1

      $ 461,888 $

      607 $

      581,413 $

      1,154,900 $

      1,341

      $ 200,324 $

      175,676

      $ 2,576,149

      Additions - cost - - 2,030 11,950 - 7,672 13,129 34,781

      Transferred after acceptance

      inspection - 950 - 19,981 - - ( 20,931) -

      Disposal - cost - - - (

      1,654)

      - ( 2,267)

      - ( 3,921)

      - accumulated depreciation

      -

      -

      -

      1,599

      -

      2,249

      -

      3,848

      Depreciation

      -

      ( 107)

      (

      13,123)

      (

      43,968)

      ( 183)

      (

      13,819)

      -

      (

      71,200)

      Net exchange differences

      -

      -

      3,732

      10,521

      -

      778

      252

      15,283

      At March 31

      $ 461,888

      $ 1,450

      $ 574,052

      $ 1,153,329

      $ 1,158

      $ 194,937

      $ 168,126

      $ 2,554,940

      At March 31, 2025 Cost

      $ 461,888

      $ 19,424

      $ 1,902,795

      $ 6,208,618

      $ 7,960

      $ 839,721

      $ 168,126

      $ 9,608,532

      Accumulated depreciation

      -

      ( 17,974) ( 1,328,743) ( 5,055,289) ( 6,802) ( 644,784)

      -

      ( 7,053,592)

      $ 461,888

      $ 1,450 $ 574,052 $ 1,153,329 $ 1,158 $ 194,937

      $ 168,126

      $ 2,554,940

      1. The Group property, plant and equipment are all owner-occupied as at March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025.

      2. The Group has not capitalised any interest for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

      3. Information about the property, plant and equipment that were pledged to others as collateral is provided in Note 8, 'Pledged assets'.

    8. Leasing arrangements-lessee

      1. The Group leases various assets including land, buildings, machinery and equipment and business vehicles. Rental contracts are typically made for periods of 1 to 50 years. Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. The lease agreements do not impose covenants, but leased assets may not be used as security for borrowing purposes.

      2. The carrying amount of right-of-use assets and the depreciation charge are as follows:

        March 31, 2026

        December 31, 2025

        March 31, 2025

        Carrying Amount

        Carrying Amount

        Carrying Amount

        Land

        $ 57,100

        $ 57,533

        $ 62,266

        Buildings

        32,535

        33,563

        36,648

        Machinery and equipment

        74,581

        82,632

        103,519

        Transportation equipment

        (Business vehicles) 3,358

        2,007

        507

        $ 167,574

        $ 175,735

        $ 202,940

        Three months ended March 31,

        2026

        2025

        Depreciation charge

        Depreciation charge

        Land

        $ 1,405

        $ 1,402

        Buildings

        1,028

        1,028

        Machinery and equipment

        6,962

        6,950

        Transportation equipment (Business vehicles)

        177

        193

        $ 9,572

        $ 9,573

      3. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the additions to right-of-use assets were

        $439 and $-,respectively.

      4. The information on profit and loss accounts relating to lease contracts is as follows:

        Three months ended March 31,

        2026

        2025

        Items affecting profit or loss

        Interest expense on lease liabilities

        $ 766

        $ 941

        Expense on short-term lease or leases of

        low-value assets

        382

        379

      5. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group's total cash outflow for leases were $10,331 and $10,309, respectively.

    9. Intangible assets

      Three months ended March 31, 2026

      Computer

      Trademarks

      Patents

      Software

      Total

      At January 1, 2026

      Cost

      $ 1,389 $

      1,011 $

      22,081 $

      24,481

      Accumulated amortisation

      ( 1,142) (

      634) (

      13,261) (

      15,037)

      Net exchange differences

      -

      - (

      82) (

      82)

      Net value

      $ 247

      $ 377

      $ 8,738

      $ 9,362

      Three months ended March 31, 2026

      At January 1

      $ 247

      $ 377

      $ 8,738

      $ 9,362

      Additions - acquired separately

      63

      -

      150

      213

      Amortisation

      ( 103) (

      58) (

      630) (

      791)

      Net exchange differences

      -

      -

      211

      211

      At March 31

      $ 207

      $ 319

      $ 8,469

      $ 8,995

      At March 31, 2026

      Cost

      $ 1,452

      $ 1,011

      $ 22,231

      $ 24,694

      Accumulated amortisation

      (

      1,245) (

      692) (

      13,891) (

      15,828)

      Net exchange differences

      -

      -

      129

      129

      Net value

      $

      207 $

      319 $

      8,469 $

      8,995

      Three months ended March 31, 2025

      Computer

      Trademarks

      Patents

      Software

      Total

      At January 1, 2025

      Cost

      $ 1,613 $

      1,011 $

      20,939

      $ 23,563

      Accumulated amortisation

      ( 1,239) (

      575) (

      10,952) (

      12,766)

      Net exchange differences

      -

      - (

      62) (

      62)

      Net value

      $ 374

      $ 436

      $ 9,925

      $ 10,735

      Three months ended March 31, 2025

      At January 1

      $ 374

      $ 436

      $ 9,925

      $ 10,735

      Additions - acquired separately

      41

      -

      -

      41

      Amortisation

      ( 119) (

      59) (

      589) (

      767)

      Net exchange differences

      -

      -

      134

      134

      At March 31

      $ 296

      $ 377

      $ 9,470

      $ 10,143

      At March 31, 2025

      Cost

      $ 1,654

      $ 1,011

      $ 20,939

      $ 23,604

      Accumulated amortisation

      (

      1,358) (

      634) (

      11,541) (

      13,533)

      Net exchange differences

      -

      -

      72

      72

      Net value

      $

      296 $

      377 $

      9,470 $

      10,143

      Details of amortisation on intangible assets are as follows:

      Three months ended March 31,

      2026

      2025

      Operating costs

      $ 106

      $ 132

      Selling expenses

      79

      84

      General and administrative expenses

      548

      520

      Research and development expenses

      58

      31

      $ 791

      $ 767

    10. Short-term borrowings

      Type of borrowings

      March 31, 2026

      Interest rate range

      Collateral

      Bank borrowings Unsecured borrowings

      $ 110,000

      1.86%~1.88%

      None

      Type of borrowings

      December 31, 2025

      Interest rate range

      Collateral

      Bank borrowings Unsecured borrowings

      $ 70,000

      1.86%~1.88%

      None

      Type of borrowings

      March 31, 2025

      Interest rate range

      Collateral

      Bank borrowings

      Unsecured borrowings

      $ 70,000

      1.86%~1.92%

      None

      For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group recognised interest expense in profit or loss. Refer to Note 6(22) for details.

    11. Other payables

      March 31, 2026

      December 31, 2025

      March 31, 2025

      Wages and salaries payable

      $ 289,044

      $ 414,930

      $ 209,867

      Employees' compensation and directors' remuneration payable

      86,833

      91,015

      112,545

      Payables on equipment

      1,733

      7,272

      6,682

      Dividends payable

      492,417

      -

      492,417

      Others

      227,067

      200,186

      125,516

      $ 1,097,094

      $ 713,403

      $ 947,027

    12. Long-term borrowings

      Borrowing period Interest

      Type of borrowings and repayment term March 31, 2026 rate Collateral Installment-repayment

      borrowings

      Unsecured borrowings Borrowing period is from $

      March 3, 2026 to March

      3, 2029; interest is repayable monthly; principal is repayable quarterly from June 1, 2026

      Secured borrowings Borrowing period is

      from March 18, 2025 to

      March 18, 2028; interest

      30,000

      2.00% None

      Land, Buildings and

      Less: Current portion

      is repayable monthly 8,000 1.97%

      38,000 ( 14,000)

      $ 24,000

      Borrowing period Interest

      structures

      Type of borrowings and repayment term December 31, 2025 rate Collateral Installment-repayment

      borrowings

      Unsecured borrowings Borrowing period is from $

      March 1, 2024 to March

      1, 2027; interest is repayable monthly; principal is repayable quarterly from June 3, 2024

      Secured borrowings Borrowing period is

      from March 18, 2025 to

      March 18, 2028; interest

      12,500

      2.02% None

      Land, Buildings and

      Less: Current portion

      is repayable monthly 9,000 1.95%

      21,500 ( 14,000)

      $ 7,500

      structures

      Borrowing period

      Interest

      Type of borrowings and repayment term

      March 31, 2025

      rate

      Collateral

      Installment-repayment borrowings

      Unsecured borrowings Borrowing period is from

      $ 32,000

      1.79%~

      None

      March 1, 2024 to March

      1.97%

      1, 2027; interest is

      repayable monthly;

      principal is repayable

      quarterly from June 3,

      2024

      Less: Current portion

      ( 14,000)

      $ 18,000

      For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group recognised interest expenses in profit or loss. Refer to Note 6(22) for details.

    13. Pensions

      1. The Company and its domestic subsidiary have a defined benefit pension plan in accordance with the Labor Standards Act, covering all regular employees' service years prior to the enforcement of the Labor Pension Act on July 1, 2005 and service years thereafter of employees who chose to continue to be subject to the pension mechanism under the Labor Standards Act. Under the defined benefit pension plan, two units are accrued for each year of service for the first 15 years and one unit for each additional year thereafter, subject to a maximum of 45 units. Pension benefits are based on the number of units accrued and the average monthly salaries and wages of the last 6 months prior to retirement. However, those who were mandatorily retired because injury at work will receive 20% in addition. The Company and its domestic subsidiary contribute monthly an amount equal to 2%~9% of the employees' monthly salaries and wages to the retirement fund deposited with Bank of Taiwan, the trustee, under the name of the independent retirement fund committee. Also, the Company and its domestic subsidiary would assess the balance in the aforementioned labor pension reserve account by December 31, every year. If the account balance is insufficient to pay the pension calculated by the aforementioned method to the employees expected to qualify for retirement in the following year, the Company and its domestic subsidiary will make contributions for the deficit by next March. The relevant information is as follows:

        1. For the aforementioned pension plan, the Group recognised pension revenue of $682 and

          $586 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

        2. Expected contributions to the defined benefit pension plan of the Group for the next year amount to $3,600.

      2. Effective July 1, 2005, the Company and its domestic subsidiary have established a defined contribution pension plan (the "New Plan") under the Labor Pension Act (the "Act"), covering all regular employees with R.O.C. nationality. Under the New Plan, the Company and its domestic subsidiary contribute monthly an amount of no less than 6% of the employees' monthly salaries and wages to the employees' individual pension accounts at the Bureau of Labor Insurance. The benefits accrued are paid monthly or in lump sum upon termination of employment. The pension costs under the defined contribution pension plan of the Group for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were $4,120 and $4,005, respectively.

      3. The Company's mainland China subsidiary, Zhenjiang Nantex Chemical Industry, Ltd., has a defined contribution plan. Monthly contributions to an independent fund administered by the government in accordance with the pension regulations in the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.) are based on 20% of employees' monthly salaries and wages. Other than the monthly contributions, this subsidiary has no further obligations. The pension costs under the defined contribution pension plan of this subsidiary for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were $5,660 and $5,418, respectively.

    14. Share capital

      1. Movements in the number of the Company's ordinary shares outstanding are as follows (in thousands of shares):

        Three months ended March 31,

        2026 2025

        Beginning and ending balance 492,417 492,417

      2. As of March 31, 2026, the Company's authorised capital was $6,000,000, and the paid-in-capital was $4,924,167, consisting of 492,417 thousand shares, with a par value of $10 (in dollars) per share. All proceeds from shares issued have been collected.

    15. Share-based payment

      Cash capital increase reserved for employee preemption

      On August 1, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Group's subsidiary, Nanmat Technology Co., Ltd., resolved to increase its capital, of which 1,500 thousand shares were reserved for employee preemption. The grant date was set on August 1, 2025, and the subscription price was NT$90 (in dollars) per share. The subsidiary's compensation cost recognised for the cash capital increase reserved for employee preemption for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $28,894. The fair value of stock options on grant date is measured using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Options exercisable for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $-. Relevant information is as follows:

      Grant date

      August 1, 2025

      Dividend yield

      0%

      Expected price volatility

      42.02%

      Risk-free interest rate

      1.220%

      Expected duration

      0.08 years

      Fair value in dollars (per share)

      $19.2626(in dollars)

    16. Capital surplus

      Pursuant to the R.O.C. Company Act, capital surplus arising from paid-in capital in excess of par value on issuance of common stocks and donations can be used to cover accumulated deficit or to issue new stocks or cash to shareholders in proportion to their share ownership, provided that the Company has no accumulated deficit. Further, the R.O.C. Securities and Exchange Act requires that the amount of capital surplus to be capitalised mentioned above should not exceed 10% of the paid-in capital each year. Capital surplus should not be used to cover accumulated deficit unless the legal reserve is insufficient.

    17. Retained earnings

      1. Pursuant to the amended R.O.C. Company Act, the current year's after-tax earnings should be used initially to cover any accumulated deficit; thereafter 10% of the remaining earnings should be set aside as legal reserve until the balance of legal reserve is equal to that of paid-in capital. The legal reserve shall be exclusively used to cover accumulated deficit, to issue new stocks, or to distribute cash to shareholders in proportion to their share ownership. The use of legal reserve for the issuance of stocks or cash dividends to shareholders in proportion to their share ownership is permitted, provided that the distribution of the reserve is limited to the portion in excess of 25% of the Company's paid-in capital.

      2. Since the Company is in a changeable industry environment tied with international macroeconomics and the Company is in the mature stage, the appropriation of earnings should consider fund requirements and capital budget to decide how much earnings will be kept or distributed and how much cash dividends will be distributed. According to the Company's Articles of Incorporation, 10% of the annual net income, after offsetting any loss of prior years and paying all taxes and dues, shall be set aside as legal reserve. The remaining net income and the unappropriated retained earnings from prior years can be distributed in accordance with a resolution passed during a meeting of the Board of Directors and approved at the stockholders' meeting. Of the amount to be distributed by the Company, stockholders' dividends shall comprise at least 20% of the unappropriated retained earnings, and the percentage of cash dividends shall not be less than 30% of dividends distributed. Based on the regulation, the Board of Directors of the Company shall adopt a special resolution to distribute whole or a part of the dividends in the form of cash and report to the stockholders, which is not applicable to the aforementioned provisions that are subject to stockholders' resolutions.

      3. Special reserve

        1. In accordance with the regulations, the Company shall set aside special reserve for the debit balance on other equity items at the balance sheet date before distributing earnings. When debit balance on other equity items is reversed subsequently, the reversed amount could be included in the distributable earnings.

        2. The amount previously set aside by the Company as special reserve on initial application of IFRSs in accordance with Order No. Financial-Supervisory-Securities-Corporate-1090150022, dated March 31, 2021 was $430,099, which shall be reversed proportionately when the relevant assets are used, disposed of or reclassified subsequently.

      4. The Company recognised cash dividends distributed to owners amounting to $492,417 ($1.0 (in dollars) per share) for the year ended December 31, 2025. On March 9, 2026, the Board of Directors proposed for the distribution of cash dividends of $492,417 ($1.0 (in dollars) per share) from the 2025 earnings, which has not yet been distributed (listed as 'Other payable').

    18. Operating revenue

      1. Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers

        Details of the Group's revenue from the transfer of goods at a point in time are as follows:

        Three months ended March 31, 2026

        NANTEX

        INTERMEDIUM

        NANMAT

        Total

        Revenue from latex products

        $ 632,184

        $ 45,941

        $ -

        $ 678,125

        Revenue from rubber products

        241,012

        951,043

        -

        1,192,055

        Organic-inorganic materials

        -

        -

        724,120

        724,120

        Others

        -

        596

        788

        1,384

        $ 873,196

        $ 997,580

        $ 724,908

        $ 2,595,684

        Three months ended March 31, 2025

        NANTEX

        INTERMEDIUM

        NANMAT

        Total

        Revenue from latex products

        $ 646,871

        $ 44,514

        $ -

        $ 691,385

        Revenue from rubber products

        225,175

        754,383

        -

        979,558

        Organic-inorganic materials

        -

        -

        599,619

        599,619

        Others

        -

        -

        649

        649

        $ 872,046

        $ 798,897

        $ 600,268

        $ 2,271,211

      2. Contract liabilities

        1. On March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group has recognised the revenue-related contract liabilities amounting to $151,337, $63,124 and $40,242, respectively.

        2. On January 1, 2026 and 2025, the contract liabilities were $63,124 and $43,198, respectively, and the contract liabilities at the beginning of 2026 and 2025 of $57,790 and $28,676 were recognised as revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

    19. Interest income

      Interest income from bank deposits Interest income from financial assets at amortised cost

    20. Other income

      Three months ended March 31,

      2026

      2025

      $

      72,649

      $

      92,003

      6,411

      4,674

      $

      79,060

      $

      96,677

      Three months ended March 31, 2026 2025

      Other income

    21. Other gains and losses

      $ 987 $

      1,572

      Three months ended March 31, 2026 2025

      Net currency exchange (losses) gains

      Gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value

      ($

      790) $

      17,688

      through profit or loss (Note)

      157 (

      30)

      Losses on disposal of property, plant and

      equipment

      (

      149) (

      71)

      Other losses

      (

      149) (

      357)

      ($

      931) $

      17,230

      (Note) Represents the distribution of fund income of $282 and $- and unrealized valuation loss of $125 and $30 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

    22. Finance costs

      2026

      2025

      $

      449

      $

      420

      766

      941

      $

      1,215

      $

      1,361

      Three months ended March 31,

      Interest expense Bank loans Lease liabilities

    23. Expenses by nature

      Three months ended March 31, 2026

      Operating cost

      Operating expense

      Total

      Employee benefits expense

      $ 105,120

      $ 219,204

      $ 324,324

      Depreciation

      66,173

      26,182

      92,355

      Amortisation

      106

      685

      791

      $ 171,399

      $ 246,071

      $ 417,470

      Three months ended March 31, 2025

      Operating cost

      Operating expense

      Total

      Employee benefits expense

      $ 100,038

      $ 170,956

      $ 270,994

      Depreciation

      57,019

      23,754

      80,773

      Amortisation

      132

      635

      767

      $ 157,189

      $ 195,345

      $ 352,534

    24. Employee benefits expense

      Three months ended March 31, 2026

      Operating cost

      Operating expense

      Total

      Salaries and wages

      $ 86,586

      $ 172,619

      $ 259,205

      Labor and health insurance

      expenses

      7,641

      7,574

      15,215

      Pension costs

      5,401

      3,697

      9,098

      Other personnel expenses

      5,492

      35,314

      40,806

      $ 105,120

      $ 219,204

      $ 324,324

      Three months ended March 31, 2025

      Operating

      Operating

      cost

      expense

      Total

      Salaries and wages

      $ 80,904

      $ 129,543

      $ 210,447

      Labor and health insurance

      expenses

      8,309

      7,732

      16,041

      Pension costs

      5,376

      3,461

      8,837

      Other personnel expenses

      5,449

      30,220

      35,669

      $ 100,038

      $ 170,956

      $ 270,994

      1. According to the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, the ratio of distributable profit of the current year shall be 2% for employees' compensation, of which the rank-and-file employees' compensation shall not be less than 1% of the current year's profit, and not be higher than 3% for directors' remuneration. If the Company has accumulated deficit, earnings should be reserved to cover losses. The current year's earnings represent current year's pre-tax profit excluding employees' compensation and directors' remuneration distributed.

      2. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company's employees' compensation was accrued at $3,570 and $3,150, respectively; while directors' remuneration was accrued at

        $5,355 and $4,725, respectively. The aforementioned amounts were recognised in salary expenses and other expenses. The expenses recognised for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were accrued based on the earnings of current period and the percentage specified in the Articles of Incorporation of the Company. The employees' compensation and directors' remuneration for 2025 as resolved by the Board of Directors were $9,758 and $14,637. The difference of ($339) between the amount resolved at the Board meeting and the amount recognised in the 2025 financial statements of $24,734 had been adjusted in profit or loss for 2026.

        Information about the appropriation of employees' compensation and directors' remuneration of the Company as resolved by the Board of Directors will be posted in the "Market Observation Post System" at the website of the Taiwan Stock Exchange.

    25. Income tax

      1. Income tax expense

        1. Components of income tax expense:

          Three months ended March 31,

          2026

          2025

          Current tax:

          Current tax on profits for the period

          $ 140,708

          $ 19,313

          Prior year income tax under (over)

          estimation

          10,593

          ( 4,734)

          Total current tax

          151,301

          14,579

          Deferred tax:

          Origination and reversal of temporary differences

          ( 30,612)

          56,100

          Income tax expense

          $ 120,689

          $ 70,679

      2. The income tax returns of the Company and subsidiaries through 2024 have been assessed and approved by the Tax Authority. The Company and subsidiaries do not have any administrative remedy as of May 11, 2026.

    26. Earnings per share

      Three months ended March 31, 2026

      Weighted average number Earnings of shares outstanding per share

      Amount after tax (shares in thousands) (in dollars)

      Basic earnings per share

      Profit attributable to ordinary

      shareholders of the parent

      $ 166,573

      492,417

      $ 0.34

      Diluted earnings per share Profit attributable to ordinary

      shareholders of the parent

      $ 166,573

      Assumed conversion of all dilutive

      potential ordinary shares

      Employees' compensation

      -

      811

      Profit attributable to ordinary

      shareholders of the parent plus

      assumed conversion of all dilutive

      potential ordinary shares

      $ 166,573

      493,228

      $ 0.34

      Three months ended March 31, 2025

      Weighted average number Earnings of shares outstanding per share

      Amount after tax (shares in thousands) (in dollars)

      Basic earnings per share

      Profit attributable to ordinary

      shareholders of the parent

      $ 150,374

      492,417

      $ 0.31

      Diluted earnings per share

      Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent

      $ 150,374

      Assumed conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares

      Employees' compensation

      -

      472

      Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent plus assumed conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares

      $ 150,374

      492,889

      $ 0.31

    27. Supplemental cash flow information

      1. Investing activities with partial cash payments:

        Three months ended March 31,

        2026

        2025

        Purchase of property, plant and equipment

        $ 12,422

        $ 34,781

        Add: Beginning balance of payable on equipment (listed as 'other payables')

        7,272

        3,391

        Less: Ending balance of payable on equipment (listed as 'other payables')

        Cash paid for purchase of property, plant

        ( 1,733) ( 6,682)

        and equipment

        $ 17,961

        $ 31,490

      2. Investing and financing activities with no cash flow effects:

        Three months ended March 31,

        2026

        2025

        (a) Prepayments for equipment reclassified to

        property, plant and equipment

        $ 34,803

        $ -

        (b) Appropriation of cash dividends

        $ 492,417

        $ 492,417

        Less: Ending balance of payable on cash

        dividends

        ( 492,417)

        ( 492,417)

        Cash paid for cash dividends

        $ -

        $ -

        (28) Changes in liabilities from financing activities

        Long-term

        borrowings

        Guarantee Liabilities from

        Short-term Lease (including deposits financing Three months ended March 31, 2026 borrowings liabilities current portion) received a ctivities-gross

        At January 1

        Changes in cash flows from

        $ 70,000

        $151,852 $

        21,500

        $10,479 $

        253,831

        financing activities 40,000 ( Changes in other non-cash

        9,183)

        16,500 284 47,601

        items - 439 - - 439

        At March 31

        $ 110,000

        $143,108

        $ 38,000

        $10,763

        $ 301,871

        Three months ended March 31, 2025

        Short-term

        borrowings

        Lease

        liabilities

        Long-term

        borrowings (including

        current portion)

        Liabilities from financing

        activities-gross

        At January 1

        $ 110,000

        $ 186,097

        $ 22,500

        $ 318,597

        Changes in cash flows from

        financing activities

        ( 40,000)

        ( 8,989)

        9,500

        ( 39,489)

        At March 31

        $ 70,000

        $ 177,108

        $ 32,000

        $ 279,108

  7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

    1. Names of related parties and relationship

      Names of related parties Relationship with the Company Tainan Spinning Co., Ltd. (Tainan Spinning) Entity with significant influence to the Group

      Lushun Warehouse Co., Ltd. (Lushun

      Warehouse)

      Vietnam Bao Minh Textile & Garment (Bao Minh)

    2. Significant related party transactions

      1. Lease transactions-lessee

        Other related party

        Other related party

        1. The Group leases raw material tanks and office space from Lushun Warehouse and Tainan Spinning. Rental contracts are typically made for periods of 6 years and 20 years, respectively. Rents are paid monthly.

        2. Lease liabilities

          1. Outstanding balance

            March 31, 2026

            December 31, 2025

            March 31, 2025

            Tainan Spinning

            $ 35,506

            $ 36,338

            $ 38,815

            Lushun Warehouse

            76,844

            83,608

            103,684

            $ 112,350

            $ 119,946

            $ 142,499

          2. Interest expense

            Three months ended March 31,

            2026 2025

            Tainan Spinning

            $ 203 $

            220

            Lushun Warehouse 436 579

      2. Payables to related parties

        $ 639

        $ 799

        March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025

        Other payables

        Other related party Dividend payable

        (listed as 'other payables') Tainan Spinning

      3. Endorsements and guarantees

        $ 2,534

        $ 105,549

        $ 2,675

        $ -

        $ 2,520

        $ 105,549

        Details of provision of endorsements and guarantees to related parties are provided in Note 9.

    3. Key management compensation

      Three months ended March 31,

      2026 2025

      Salaries and other short-term employee benefits

      $ 56,556

      $ 50,256

  8. PLEDGED ASSETS

    The Group's assets pledged as collateral are as follows:

    Book Value

    Pledged asset March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025 Purpose

    Pledged time deposits (Note 1) $

    7,000 $

    7,000 $

    4,000

    Customs guarantee Collateral for borrowing facilities

    Land (Note 2)

    13,703

    13,703

    461,888

    Buildings and structures, net (Note 2)

    9,807

    9,858

    23,675

    Guarantee deposits paid

    413

    413

    413

    $ 30,923

    $ 30,974

    $ 489,976

    Collateral for borrowing facilities

    Performance guarantee

    Note 1: Listed as 'Current financial assets at amortised cost'. Note 2: Listed as 'Property, plant and equipment'.

  9. SIGNIFICANT CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND UNRECOGNISED CONTRACT COMMITMENTS

    1. As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group's remaining balance due for construction in progress and prepayment for equipment were $108,788, $122,426 and $69,804, respectively.

    2. As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Group's unused letters of credit amounted to $-, $16,841 and $1,181, respectively.

    3. The significant purchase contracts entered by the Group are as follows:

      Quantity of purchase (in tonnes)

      Suppliers Items Price March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025

      CPC Corporation, Taiwan

      Butadiene (BD)

      Floating

      19,980

      19,980

      19,980

      Formosa Petrochemical

      Butadiene (BD)

      Floating

      13,320

      13,320

      13,320

      Corp.

      BASF-YPC Company

      Butadiene (BD)

      Floating

      -

      23,000

      23,000

      Limited

      NanJing GongXi

      Butadiene (BD)

      Floating

      12,280

      12,100

      12,100

      Chemical

      NOPEC CHEMICAL

      Butadiene (BD)

      Floating

      23,000

      23,000

      23,000

      COMMERCIAL

      HOLDING COMPANY

      LIMITED

      (EAST CHINA)

      China Petrochemical

      Acrylonitrile (AN)

      Floating

      18,000

      18,000

      18,000

      Development Corp.

      Formosa Plastics Corp.

      Acrylonitrile (AN)

      Floating

      4,800

      4,800

      4,800

      YUGE (SHANGHAI)

      Acrylonitrile (AN)

      Floating

      10,080

      10,080

      10,080

      CHEMICAL CO.,

      Shanghai Legend

      Acrylonitrile (AN)

      Floating

      4,800

      4,800

      4,800

      Petrochemical Co., Ltd.

      WeiQiang International

      Acrylonitrile (AN)

      Floating

      2,622

      2,622

      2,622

      Trade (SHANGHAI)

      Co., Ltd.

      Taiwan Styrene

      Styrene (SM)

      Floating

      1,800

      1,800

      1,800

      Monomer Corp.

      As of March 31, 2026, 14,307 tonnes of BD, 8,232 tonnes of AN and 220 tonnes of SM were purchased.

    4. Details of the Group's endorsements and guarantees are as follows:

    Party being

    Endorser/guarantor endorsed/ guaranteed Purpose March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025

    INTERMEDIUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

    Vietnam Bao Minh Textile & Garment

    Guarantee for borrowings

    $ 102,309

    $ 106,178

    $ 106,178

    As of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2025, Vietnam Bao Minh Textile & Garment has drawn from the endorsements and guarantees in the amount of $74,788, $73,468 and

    $77,617, respectively.

  10. SIGNIFICANT DISASTER LOSS

    None.

  11. SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AFTER THE BALANCE SHEET DATE

    None.

  12. OTHERS

    1. Capital management

      The Group's objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group's ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.

    2. Financial instruments

      1. Financial instruments by category

        Details of financial instruments by category of the Group are described in Note 6, 'Financial Assets'.

      2. Financial risk management policies

        1. The Group's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including foreign exchange risk, price risk and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group's overall risk management programme focuses on unpredictable events in the financial market and seeks to reduce potential adverse effects on the Group's financial position and financial performance.

        2. Risk management is carried out by a central treasury department (Group treasury) under policies approved by the board of directors. Group treasury identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks in close cooperation with the Group's operating units. The Board provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as written policies covering specific areas and matters, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative financial instruments and non-derivative financial instruments, and investment of excess liquidity.

      3. Significant financial risks and degrees of financial risks

        1. Market risk

          1. Foreign exchange risk

            1. The Group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from the transactions of the Company and its subsidiaries used in various functional currency, primarily with respect to the USD, JPY and RMB. Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilities.

            2. Management has set up a policy to require the group companies to manage its foreign exchange risk against the functional currency. The group companies are required to hedge the entire foreign exchange risk exposure with the Group treasury. Foreign exchange rate risk arises when future commercial transactions or recognised assets or liabilities are denominated in a currency that is not the entity's functional currency.

            3. The Group has certain investments in foreign operations, whose net assets are exposed to foreign currency translation risk. Currency exposure arising from the net assets of the Group's foreign operations is managed primarily through liabilities denominated in the relevant foreign currencies.

            4. The Group's businesses involve some non-functional currency operations (the Company's and certain subsidiaries' functional currency: NTD; other certain subsidiaries' functional currency: USD and RMB). The information on assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies whose values would be materially affected by the exchange rate fluctuations is as follows:

              March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Foreign currency Foreign currency

              amount

              amount

              (in thousands)

              Exchange rate

              (in thousands)

              Exchange rate

              Financial assets

              Monetary items

              USD : NTD $ 22,890

              32.00

              $ 21,776

              31.43

              USD : RMB 33,166

              6.90

              32,277

              6.99

              JPY : NTD 29,300

              0.2005

              8,361

              0.2008

              Non-monetary items

              KRW : NTD 4,128,198

              0.0211

              4,128,198

              0.0217

              Financial liabilities

              Monetary items

              USD : NTD

              3,617

              32.00

              4,429

              31.43

              JPY : NTD

              -

              -

              1,241

              0.2008

              March 31, 2025 Foreign currency

              amount

              Financial assets Monetary items

              (in thousands)

              Exchange rate

              USD : NTD

              $ 40,541

              33.21

              USD : RMB

              34,848

              7.26

              JPY : NTD

              42,038

              0.2227

              Financial liabilities Monetary items

              USD : NTD 2,830 33.21

              JPY : NTD 4,940 0.2227

              Sensitivity analysis of foreign exchange risk is primarily for foreign currency monetary items at financial reporting date. If NTD had appreciated/depreciated by 1% against USD, RMB, EUR and JPY, the Group's net profit after tax for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 would have increased/decreased by $12,939 and

              $18,770, respectively.

            5. The total exchange (loss) gain, including realised and unrealised, arising from significant foreign exchange variation on the monetary items held by the Group for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 amounted to ($790) and $17,688, respectively.

          2. Price risk

            1. The Group's equity securities, which are exposed to price risk, are the held financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income. To manage its price risk arising from investments in equity securities, the Group diversifies its portfolio. Diversification of the portfolio is done in accordance with the limits set by the Group.

            2. The Group's investments in equity securities comprise shares issued by the domestic and foreign companies. The prices of equity securities would change due to the change of the future value of investee companies. If the prices of these equity securities had increased/decreased by 1% with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 would have increased/decreased by

              $418 and $300, respectively, as a result of gains/losses on equity securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss. Other components of equity would have increased/decreased by $6,412 and $6,397, respectively, as a result of other comprehensive income on equity investment classified as at fair value through other comprehensive income.

          3. Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk

            1. The Group's main interest rate risk arises from bank borrowings with floating rates,

              which expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Group's borrowings at floating rate were mainly denominated in New Taiwan dollars.

            2. The Group's borrowings are long-term and short-term borrowings with floating interest rates. Therefore, changes in market interest rates will change the effective interest rates of the borrowings and cause fluctuations in their future cash flows. However, there is no significant effect on profit after tax.

        2. Credit risk

          1. Credit risk refers to the risk of financial loss to the Group arising from default by the clients or counterparties of financial instruments on the contract obligations. The main factor is that counterparties could not repay in full the accounts receivable based on the agreed terms, and the contract cash flows of debt instruments stated at amortised cost and at fair value through other comprehensive income.

          2. The Group manages its credit risk taking into consideration the entire Group's concern. According to the Group's credit policy, each local entity in the Group is responsible for managing and analysing the credit risk for each of its new clients before standard payment and delivery terms and conditions are offered. Internal risk control assesses the credit quality of the customers, taking into account their financial position, past experience and other factors. Individual risk limits are set based on internal or external ratings in accordance with limits set by management. The utilisation of credit limits is regularly monitored.

          3. The Group adopts the assumption under IFRS 9, that is, if the contract payments were past due over 30 days based on the terms, there has been a significant increase in credit risk on that instrument since initial recognition.

          4. The Group adopts the assumption under IFRS 9, that is, the default occurs when the contract payments are past due over 90 days.

          5. The Group classifies customer's accounts receivable in accordance with credit rating of customer and customer types. The Group applies the modified approach using loss rate methodology to estimate expected credit loss under the provision matrix basis.

          6. The Group used the forecastability to adjust historical and timely information to assess the default possibility of accounts receivable as the Group's counterparties are all with high credit quality and have no default record after assessment.

          7. Movements in relation to the Group applying the modified approach to provide loss allowance for accounts receivable are as follows:

          Three months ended March 31,

          2026

          2025

          At January 1

          $ 256

          $ 897

          Expected credit impairment loss (gain)

          15

          ( 152)

          Effect of foreign exchange

          9

          8

          At March 31

          $ 280

          $ 753

        3. Liquidity risk

  1. Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating entities of the Group and aggregated by the Group treasury. Group treasury monitors rolling forecasts of the Group's liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs while maintaining sufficient headroom on its undrawn committed borrowing facilities at all times so that the Group does not breach borrowing limits or covenants (where applicable) on any of its borrowing facilities.

  2. Surplus cash held by the operating entities over and above the balance required for working capital management are invested in interest bearing current accounts, time deposits and marketable securities, choosing instruments with appropriate maturities or sufficient liquidity to provide sufficient headroom as determined by the abovementioned forecasts, that are expected to readily generate cash inflows for managing liquidity risk.

  3. The Group has the following undrawn borrowing facilities:

    March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2025

    Floating rate:

    Expiring within one year $ 2,001,985 $ 3,429,132 $ 3,597,372

  4. The table below analyses the Group's non-derivative financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.

Between 1 Between 2 Over 5

March 31, 2026 Less than 1 year and 2 years and 5 years years Non-derivative financial

liabilities

Short-term borrowings

$ 110,290

$ -

$ -

$ -

Note payable

59

-

-

-

Accounts payable

275,792

-

-

-

Other payables

1,097,094

-

-

-

Lease liabilities

39,554

38,764

50,465

24,195

Long-term borrowings (including current portion)

14,599

14,376

10,125

-

Guarantee deposits received

-

-

-

10,763

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