Morgan Advanced Materials Full Year 2023 Results

About this update from Morgan Advanced Materials Plc

[{"type":"text","content":"\n \n   \n \n   \n Full-year results for the period ended 31 December 2023 \n Results in line, business simplification announced, higher growth outlook \n   \n \n \n \n \n £ million \n unless otherwise stated \n   \n \n \n   \n 2023 \n \n \n   \n 2022 \n \n \n As reported \n change \n \n \n Organic \n constant- currency 1 change \n \n \n \n \n Adjusted results \n Revenue \n \n \n   \n 1,114.7 \n \n \n   \n 1,112.1 \n \n \n +0.2% \n \n \n +2.5% \n \n \n \n \n Group adjusted operating profit 1 \n \n \n 120.3 \n \n \n 151.0 \n \n \n (20.3)% \n \n \n (16.6)% \n \n \n \n \n Group adjusted operating profit margin 1 \n \n \n 10.8% \n \n \n 13.6% \n \n \n (280)bps \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Return on invested capital 1,2 \n \n \n 17.6% \n \n \n 23.7% \n \n \n (610)bps \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Adjusted EPS 1 \n \n \n 25.0p \n \n \n 33.8p \n \n \n (26.0)% \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Free cash flow before acquisitions, disposals and dividends 1 \n \n \n 14.6 \n \n \n (46.9) \n \n \n +131.1% \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Net debt (excl. lease liabilities) 1 \n \n \n 185.2 \n \n \n 148.5 \n \n \n +24.7% \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Statutory results \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Revenue \n \n \n 1,114.7 \n \n \n 1,112.1 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Operating profit \n \n \n 91.9 \n \n \n 140.8 \n \n \n (34.7)% \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Profit before taxation \n \n \n 77.8 \n \n \n 131.6 \n \n \n (40.9)% \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Continuing EPS 3 \n \n \n 16.4p \n \n \n 30.6p \n \n \n (46.4)% \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Continuing and discontinued EPS 3 \n \n \n 16.6p \n \n \n 31.0p \n \n \n (46.5)% \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Cash generated from continued operations \n \n \n 126.3 \n \n \n 59.1 \n \n \n +113.7% \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Total dividend per share \n \n \n 12.0p \n \n \n 12.0p \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 1.  Definitions of these non-GAAP measures can be found in the glossary of terms on page 46, reconciliations of the statutory results to the adjusted measures can be found on pages 14 to 18. Throughout this report these non-GAAP measures are clearly identified by an asterisk (*) where they appear in text and by a footnote where they appear in tables. \n 2.  The return on invested capital calculation has been simplified so that it can be calculated from published information and the prior period comparative has been restated. See details on page 17. \n 3. EPS is presented on a 'continuing' and a combined 'continuing and discontinued' basis for statutory reporting. Further details are provided in note 8 to the consolidated financial statements. \n   \n Group highlights \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Organic constant-currency* revenue growth of 2.5%, with 10.4% from our faster growing markets \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Adjusted operating profit £120.3m, adjusted operating profit margin 10.8% and ROIC 17.6% \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Recovery from cyber security incident now substantially complete \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Cash generated from continued operations of £126.3 million, reflecting full recovery of the mid-year increase in working capital \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Strong balance sheet with net debt*/EBITDA (excl. leasing)* of 1.2 times \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Absolute CO 2 e emissions (from scope 1 and 2) reduced by 25% compared with 2022 \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Simplification of Group structure announced alongside additional cost reduction programme \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Further market demand driving an acceleration of Semiconductor investment, with higher medium-term Group growth now expected \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Underlying outlook for 2024 performance unchanged, foreign exchange headwind anticipated \n \n \n \n \n   \n Commenting on the results, Chief Executive Officer, Pete Raby said: \n   \n \"Our product differentiation and successful business model have enabled us to deliver solid revenue growth in both our Core and Faster Growing markets, despite the impact of the cyber security incident in the first half and weaker market conditions in the second. We have substantially completed our recovery from the cyber security incident, with our profitability and cash performance in line with our financial framework in the second half.  We are pleased to be able to announce an acceleration of our Semiconductor capacity investment, and a simplification of the Group that supports a leaner structure as we enter 2024. I want to thank all our employees for their hard work in achieving this result.\" \n   \n Semiconductor Investment \n   \n The Company continues to experience strong demand for its semiconductor consumable products driven by growth in the Silicon Carbide wafer market for power electronics.  Having announced in December 2022 a £60 million investment over three years to create additional capacity, we are now increasing our investment such that we expect to have invested £100 million by 2026.  We expect this investment to drive attractive long-term growth and strong returns, transitioning the Group further towards faster growing markets. \n   \n Business Simplification \n   \n The Company's growth targets are underpinned by the development of leading differentiated positions in attractive growth markets delivered through deep process and material know how in our manufacturing sites. In order to streamline our management structures and optimise plant operations, we will in future manage the Company through three distinct segments: \n   \n Thermal Products: comprising the current Thermal Ceramics and MMS segments, focused on growth opportunities in which heat resistance, fire protection and insulation are principal product attributes. \n Performance Carbon: comprising the current Electrical Carbon and part of the Seals and Bearings segments, with a clear strategy to pursue opportunities for carbon-based components in Semiconductor, Rail, Aerospace, Power Generation and other markets. \n Technical Ceramics: comprising the current Technical Ceramics and part of the Seals and Bearings segments,  focused on development of our advanced ceramic applications in Semiconductor, Healthcare, Aerospace and Industrial equipment. \n   \n This change forms part of a broader restructuring plan that is expected to deliver £10 million of annualised savings by 2025, with an expected implementation cost of around £20 million, of which £18 million are cash costs expected to be incurred over 2023 to 2025. As well as the savings from simplification of our structure, the Company is progressing with the next phase of its site rationalisation programme with four factories identified for closure. \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n FY 2023 \n £m \n \n \n FY 2024 \n £m \n \n \n FY 2025 \n £m \n \n \n Total \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Adjusted operating profit 1 benefits (incremental) \n \n \n 1 \n \n \n 7 \n \n \n 10 \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n    Costs charged to specific adjusting items \n \n \n (7) \n \n \n (11) \n \n \n (2) \n \n \n (20) \n \n \n \n \n   \n Outlook \n Whilst mindful of weaker market conditions in the near term, our outlook for full-year constant currency revenue growth remains in line with our financial framework.  We expect our restructuring plan to deliver initial cost benefits in 2024, whilst we are also accelerating our investment in Semiconductor capacity as we ramp up to meet strong demand, and increasing our investment in IT.  Our underlying outlook for 2024 performance is unchanged, with a slight weighting to our second half as additional capacity comes online, and a foreign exchange headwind anticipated. \n   \n 1.     Definitions of these non-GAAP measures can be found in the glossary of terms on page 46, reconciliations of the statutory results to the adjusted measures can be found on pages 14 to 18. \n   \n Our purpose \n   \n Our purpose is to use advanced materials to make the world more sustainable and to improve the quality of life. This purpose guides our actions: it underpins our work to reduce our environmental impact, informs how we treat our people, and ensures we fulfil our responsibility for good corporate governance. \n   \n We deliver on our purpose through the products that we make and the way that we make them. \n \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n We improve the quality of life by supporting medical diagnostics with our power tubes in medical scanners. Our feedthroughs are at the core of cochlear implants and our seals are used in blood pumps. These products transform people's lives. \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n Our products help keep people safe. We are proud to design fire protection in everything from cars to tunnels, and ships to oil platforms. \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n We design and manufacture our products to help customers save energy. \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n Our carbon brushes are integral to wind turbines and power generators and enable electrified rail transport. \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n Our ceramic rollers are used to make thin-film solar panels, our insulation is used in solar towers and steam turbines, and our ceramic cores are used to make more efficient industrial gas turbines. These are all products which promote a more sustainable and environmentally secure future for our planet. \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n Our strategy \n   \n Our strategy builds on our strengths and focuses the Group on scalable businesses in attractive markets, and on the development of our three core capabilities in customer focus, application engineering and materials science. To continue the development of our core capabilities we have three execution priorities: \n   \n Big positive difference - making sure we govern our business the right way, looking after the environment, looking after our people and operating to high ethical standards. This priority supports our focus on living and breathing our commitments on inclusion, treating people fairly, reducing waste, managing our water consumption, and reducing emissions. \n   \n Delight the customer - following on from our foundational work on sales effectiveness, we are working to shape our product and service offerings further based on customer needs, with the overall objective of making our business more customer-centric. We gathered customer feedback during 2022 through a range of channels and are using that to understand our customer segments in more detail. This will enable us to align our product, service and support offerings more closely to customer needs. \n   \n Innovate to grow - many of our customers have an increasing need to reduce their energy consumption and CO 2 emissions, or to deliver higher performance from their processes, and these customers need our help. This priority supports our focus on working with the customer to innovate in traditional heavy industries whilst accelerating our development in our faster growing markets: clean energy , clean transportation, semiconductors and healthcare. \n   \n We have been focusing our product development and business development efforts in these markets over the recent years to develop new and differentiated products that solve complex problems for our customers. \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Clean energy. Growth in energy storage, brushes and slip rings for onshore wind applications and ceramic and carbon products used in solar panel manufacture. \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Clean transportation. Growth in our rail collector business for metro and main rail applications, and in water and vacuum pump components for electric vehicle applications. \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Semiconductors. Growth from carbon and ceramic consumable supply into key semiconductor process steps including crystal growth, deposition, lithography and etch. \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Healthcare. Growth from medical imaging and supply of low temperature insulation for medicine and vaccine transport and storage. \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n During 2023, organic constant-currency* revenue growth in these segments was 10.4%, which represented 21.3% of our revenue overall. \n   \n Our financial framework \n   \n We have a clear, through-cycle financial framework, consisting of: \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Organic constant-currency* revenue growth of 4%-7% through the cycle \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Adjusted operating profit margin* of 12.5%-15% \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Return on invested capital* of 17%-20% \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Leverage (net debt*/EBITDA excl. leasing*) of 1.0-2.0 times \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n Our framework drives enhanced earnings growth and underpins our strategy. We have upgraded our constant-currency* growth guidance for 2024 onwards (previously 3%-6%)  in anticipation of the significant Semiconductor investment, noted on page 2. \n   \n Our environment, social and governance (ESG) priorities \n   \n In March 2021, we set stretching targets to improve our environmental, social and governance performance and become a more sustainable business. We take these commitments seriously and have plans in place to deliver against them in the coming years. \n   \n Protect the environment \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Our goal is to be a CO 2 e Scope 1 and 2 net zero business by 2050. Our 2030 target is to reduce our scope 1 and 2 CO 2 e emissions by 50% (from a 2015 baseline), and during the year we reduced our emissions by  25%. We are now 54% below our 2015 baseline and on track to meet our 2030 goal. \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Our goal is to use water sustainably across our business. Our 2030 target is to reduce our overall water usage, as well as our water usage in high and extremely high stress areas, by 30% (from a 2015 baseline). Our overall water usage decreased by 11% compared with last year and water in high-stress areas has reduced by 14%. We are on track to meet our 2030 goal. \n \n \n \n \n   \n Provide a safe, fair and inclusive workplace \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Our goal is to create an environment and culture with zero harm to our employees. Our 2030 target is a lost-time accident rate below 0.1 (lost-time accidents per 100,000 hours worked). Our LTA rate was 0.19 (2022: 0.28), an improvement over the prior year reflecting the significant focus on employee safety and wellbeing. During the year we refreshed our 'take 5 for safety' process, introducing new templates and training all of our people. We also completed further work to improve the safety of our high temperature processes and deployed a new EHS system to facilitate reporting and management of EHS activities. \n \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Our goal is that our employee demographics reflect the communities that we operate in. Our 2030 target is for 40% female representation across our leadership population of our organisation. Our diversity position improved slightly over the year with 30% females in our leadership population. While we have done a lot to improve our business as an environment for female leaders, we have yet to make progress on this metric and we will be taking further steps in 2024 including further policy improvements, ensuring diverse shortlists when filling roles and accelerating the development of our female leaders. \n \n \n \n \n \n ·    \n \n \n Our goal is to be a welcoming and inclusive environment where our employees can grow and thrive.  Our 2030 target is to attain a top quartile employee engagement score. We completed a pulse engagement survey in December 2023 and our engagement score was 54%, this reflects a 1% reduction from the equivalent population last year. We will be completing a full survey in June 2024 and are continuing to drive actions locally and globally to improve the experience of our people. \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n   \n Our Group Environment, Health and Sustainability Director and Group HR Director coordinate our improvement projects. In addition, the Board reviews progress quarterly and takes an active role in holding the executive team to account on improving ESG performance. \n   \n Enquiries \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Pete Raby \n \n \n Morgan Advanced Materials \n \n \n 01753 837 000 \n \n \n \n \n Richard Armitage \n \n \n Morgan Advanced Materials \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Nina Coad \n \n \n Brunswick \n \n \n 0207 404 5959 \n \n \n \n \n   \n Results presentation today \n   \n There will be an analyst and investor presentation at 09:30 (UK time) today via web-conference. \n   \n A live audio webcast and slide presentation of this event will be available on www.morganadvancedmaterials.com   We recommend you register by 09:15 (UK time). \n   \n   \n   \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Basis of preparation \n   \n Non-GAAP measures \n   \n Throughout this report, adjusted measures are used to describe the Group's financial performance. These are not recognised under IFRS or other generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).   The Executive Committee and the Board manage and assess the performance of the business on these measures and they are presented as the Directors consider they provide useful information to shareholders, including additional insight into ongoing trading and year-on-year comparisons. These non-GAAP measures should be viewed as complementary to, not replacements for, the comparable GAAP measures. \n   \n Throughout this report these non-GAAP measures are clearly identified by an asterisk (*) where they appear in text, and by a footnote when they appear in tables and charts. Definitions of these non-GAAP measures can be found in the glossary of terms on page 46, and reconciliations of the statutory results to the adjusted measures can be found on pages 14 to 18. \n   \n Review of operations \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n \n \n Revenue \n \n \n Adjusted operating profit 1 \n \n \n Adjusted operating \n profit margin 1 % \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2023 \n \n \n \n \n \n 2022 \n \n \n 2023 \n \n \n \n \n \n 2022 \n \n \n 2023 \n \n \n \n \n \n 2022 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n £m \n \n \n \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n \n \n \n £m \n \n \n % \n \n \n \n \n \n % \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Ceramics \n \n \n 402.2 \n \n \n \n \n \n 421.4 \n \n \n 34.5 \n \n \n \n \n \n 48.7 \n \n \n 8.6% \n \n \n \n \n \n 11.6% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Molten Metal Systems \n \n \n 52.2 \n \n \n \n \n \n 57.8 \n \n \n 5.7 \n \n \n \n \n \n 7.8 \n \n \n 10.9% \n \n \n \n \n \n 13.5% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Electrical Carbon \n \n \n 201.4 \n \n \n \n \n \n 188.7 \n \n \n 41.5 \n \n \n \n \n \n 39.7 \n \n \n 20.6% \n \n \n \n \n \n 21.0% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Seals and Bearings \n \n \n 145.8 \n \n \n \n \n \n 148.5 \n \n \n 11.4 \n \n \n \n \n \n 19.0 \n \n \n 7.8% \n \n \n \n \n \n 12.8% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Technical Ceramics \n \n \n 313.1 \n \n \n \n \n \n 295.7 \n \n \n 33.1 \n \n \n \n \n \n 41.7 \n \n \n 10.6% \n \n \n \n \n \n 14.1% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Segment total \n \n \n 1,114.7 \n \n \n   \n \n \n 1,112.1 \n \n \n 126.2 \n \n \n   \n \n \n 156.9 \n \n \n 11.3% \n \n \n   \n \n \n 14.1% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Corporate costs \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n (5.9) \n \n \n \n \n \n (5.9) \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Group adjusted operating profit 1 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 120.3 \n \n \n \n \n \n 151.0 \n \n \n 10.8% \n \n \n \n \n \n 13.6% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Amortisation of intangible assets \n \n \n (3.3) \n \n \n \n \n \n (4.7)   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Operating profit before specific adjusting items \n \n \n 117.0 \n \n \n \n \n \n 146.3   \n \n \n 10.5% \n \n \n \n \n \n 13.2% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Specific adjusting items included in operating profit 2 \n \n \n (25.1) \n \n \n \n \n \n (5.5)   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Operating profit \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 91.9 \n \n \n \n \n \n 140.8   \n \n \n 8.2% \n \n \n \n \n \n 12.7% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Net financing costs \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n (14.1) \n \n \n \n \n \n (9.2) \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Profit before taxation \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 77.8 \n \n \n \n \n \n 131.6   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 1. Definitions of these non-GAAP measures can be found in the glossary of terms on page 46, reconciliations of the statutory results to the adjusted measures can be found on pages 14 to 18. \n     2. Details of specific adjusting items from continuing operations are disclosed in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements. \n   \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n Thermal Ceramics \n   \n Revenue for Thermal Ceramics for the year was £402.2 million, representing a decrease of 4.6% compared with £421.4 million in 2022. Reductions in Conventional energy and Industrial segments were partially offset by growth across several segments including Healthcare, Conventional transportation and Metals. Foreign exchange has been a substantial driver of the decline as on an organic constant-currency* basis, year-on-year revenue decreased by 0.7%. \n   \n Thermal Ceramics operating profit was £25.3 million (2022: £44.3 million), and operating margin was 6.3% (2022: 10.5%). Operating margin has declined versus prior year owing to inefficiencies from the cyber security incident impacting the first half of the year. Full year margins show significant recovery through H2. Details of the specific adjusting items charge of £8.0 million (2022: £2.8 million) are included in note 4. Adjusted operating profit* was £34.5 million (2022: £48.7 million) with adjusted operating profit margin* of 8.6% (2022: 11.6%). \n   \n Molten Metal Systems \n   \n Revenue for Molten Metals Systems for the year was £52.2 million, a decrease of 9.7% compared with £57.8 million in 2022. Revenue decline is seen across both Industrial and Metals segments due to reduced market demand. On an organic constant-currency* basis, year-on-year revenue decreased by 8.1%. \n   \n Molten Metal Systems operating profit was £4.2 million (2022: £7.5 million), and operating profit margin was 8.0% (2022: 13.0%). Margin weakening has been caused by the drop through of volume decline as well as cyber security related inefficiencies in the first half. Details of the specific adjusting items charge of £1.3 million (2022: £nil) are included in note 4. Adjusted operating profit* was £5.7 million (2022: £7.8 million) with adjusted operating profit margin* of 10.9% (2022: 13.5%). \n   \n Electrical Carbon \n   \n Revenue for Electrical Carbon for the year was £201.4 million, representing an increase of 6.7% compared with £188.7 million in 2022, driven by significant growth in our Semiconductor segment. On an organic constant-currency* basis, year-on-year revenue increased by 9.7%. \n   \n Electrical Carbon operating profit was £38.7 million (2022: £39.1 million), and operating profit margin was 19.2% (2022: 20.7%). Slight margin reduction is a result of cyber security incident related inefficiencies in the first half of the year. Details of the specific adjusting items charge of £2.3 million (2022: £0.1 million credit) are included in note 4. Adjusted operating profit* was £41.5 million (2022: £39.7 million) with an adjusted operating profit margin* of 20.6% (2022: 21.0%). \n   \n Seals and Bearings \n   \n Revenue for Seals and Bearings in 2023 was £145.8 million, representing a decrease of 1.8% compared with £148.5 million in 2022, with the primary driver being a decline in the Industrial segment offset by strong growth in the Healthcare and Petrochemical segments. On an organic constant-currency* basis, year-on-year revenue decreased by 1.2%. Ceramic armour sales in 2023 were £25.4 million (2022: £25.5 million). \n   \n Seals and Bearings operating profit was £3.3 million (2022: £16.6 million), and operating profit margin was 2.3% (2022: 11.2%). Details of the specific adjusting items charge of £7.4 million (2022: £1.6 million) are included in note 4. Margin deteriorated as a result of manufacturing inefficiencies from the cyber security incident. Adjusted operating profit* was £11.4 million (2022: £19.0 million), with an adjusted operating profit margin* of 7.8% (2022: 12.8%). \n   \n Technical Ceramics \n   \n Revenue for the Technical Ceramics global business unit in 2023 was £313.1 million, an increase of 5.9% compared with £295.7 million in 2022, driven by strong growth in Conventional transport (particularly Aerospace) and Security and defense with a combination of market growth and share wins. On an organic constant-currency* basis, year-on-year revenue increased by 6.4%. \n   \n Technical Ceramics operating profit was £40.4 million (2022: £39.2 million), and operating profit margin was 12.9% (2022: 13.3%). Details of the specific adjusting items credit of £8.0 million (2022: £1.2 million charge) are included in note 4. Margin decline due to continued system recovery from the cyber security incident and related inefficiencies. Adjusted operating profit* was £33.1 million (2022: £41.7 million), with an adjusted operating profit margin* of 10.6% (2022: 14.1%). \n   \n Group financial review \n   \n Group revenue was £1,114.7 million (2022: £1,112.1 million), an increase of 0.2% on a reported basis compared with 2022. \n   \n Group adjusted operating profit* was £120.3 million (2022: £151.0 million). Adjusted operating profit margin* was 10.8%, compared with 13.6% for 2022. \n   \n Operating profit was £91.9 million (2022: £140.8 million) and profit before tax was £77.8 million (2022: £131.6 million). Specific adjusting items in 2023 was a net pre-tax charge of £25.1 million (2022: £5.5 million), primarily relating to the cyber security incident in January 2023, impairment of non-financial assets, and impact of Argentina's currency devaluation. Further details are included under Specific adjusting items below. \n   \n The Group amortisation charge was £3.3 million (2022: £4.7 million). \n   \n The net finance charge was £14.1 million (2022: £9.2 million) comprising net bank interest and similar charges of £11.7 million (2022: £5.4 million), net interest on IAS 19 pension obligations of £nil (2022: £1.4 million), and the interest expense on lease liabilities of £2.4 million (2022: £2.4 million) resulting from IFRS 16 Leases. Bank charges have increased because of higher borrowings and interest rates. \n   \n Looking forward to 2024, we anticipate that the net finance charge will be around £18-20 million, comprising: net bank interest and similar charges of £16-17 million; net interest on IAS 19 pension obligations of £0.5 million; and net interest expense on lease liabilities of £2 million. \n   \n The Group tax charge from continuing operations, excluding specific adjusting items, was £26.0 million (2022: £37.1 million). The effective tax rate, excluding specific adjusting items, was 25.3.% (2022: 27.0%). Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements on page 34 provides additional information on the Group's tax charge. Looking forward to 2024, we anticipate that the effective tax rate will be around 25%-27%. On a statutory basis, the Group tax charge was £22.2 million (2022: £36.0 million), lower than the previous year due to the lower taxable profits. \n   \n Basic earnings per share from continuing operations was 16.4 pence (2022: 30.6 pence) and adjusted earnings per share* was 25.0 pence (2022: 33.8 pence). Details of these calculations can be found in note 8 to the consolidated financial statements on page 36. \n   \n The Group's balance sheet and liquidity remain robust. Net debt* for the year ended 31 December 2023 was £232.3 million, with net debt excluding lease liabilities* of £185.2 million. The Group has cash and cash equivalents* of £124.5 million and undrawn headroom on its revolving credit facility of £187.9 million. \n   \n Our key financial covenants are measured on a pre-IFRS 16 Leases basis. As at 31 December 2023, net debt* to EBITDA*, excluding lease liabilities, was 1.2 times compared to a covenant not to exceed 3.0 times, and our interest cover was 12.7 times, compared with a covenant to exceed 4.0 times. \n   \n Specific adjusting items \n   \n In the consolidated income statement, the Group presents specific adjusting items separately. In the judgement of the Directors, as a result of the nature and value of these items they should be disclosed separately from the underlying results of the Group to allow the reader to obtain an alternative understanding of the financial information and the performance of the Group excluding these items. \n   \n Details of specific adjusting items arising from continuing operations during the year and the comparative period are given in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements. Specific adjusting items in relation to discontinued operations are disclosed in note 7 to the consolidated financial statements. \n \n \n   \n In 2023, pre-tax specific adjusting items from continuing operations totalled £25.1 million (2022: £5.5 million) and comprised the following: \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2023 \n £m \n \n \n 2022 \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Specific adjusting items from continuing operations 1 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Costs associated with the cyber security incident \n \n \n (14.7) \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n Charges in relation to the impact of Argentina's currency devaluation \n \n \n (5.8) \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n Net restructuring (charge)/credit \n \n \n (3.5) \n \n \n 0.6 \n \n \n \n \n Net business closure and exit costs \n \n \n (1.9) \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n Impairment review of non-financial assets \n \n \n (7.3) \n \n \n (6.5) \n \n \n \n \n Reversal of impairment of non-financial assets \n \n \n 8.1 \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n Net profit on disposal of business \n \n \n - \n \n \n 0.4 \n \n \n \n \n Total specific adjusting items before income tax \n \n \n (25.1) \n \n \n (5.5) \n \n \n \n \n Income tax credit from specific adjusting items \n \n \n 3.8 \n \n \n 1.1 \n \n \n \n \n Total specific adjusting items after income tax \n \n \n (21.3) \n \n \n (4.4) \n \n \n \n \n 1.Specific adjusting items relating to discontinued operations are disclosed in note 7. \n   \n   \n 2023 \n   \n Costs associated with the cyber security incident \n During 2023, we incurred £14.7 million of exceptional costs and charges in relation to the cyber security incident in January 2023. These were comprised of legal and advisory costs, IT recovery and support costs and impairment charges for IT assets which were rendered unusable as a result of the incident. \n   \n Charges in relation to the impact of Argentina's currency devaluation \n On 13 December 2023, Argentina devalued its currency by more than 50%. The impact of the currency devaluation (£2.6 million) has been classified as a specific adjusting item. An impairment review was also performed as at 31 December 2023 and, due to restrictions on imports limiting the ability to purchase raw materials and the subsequent effect on forecast trading, we have fully impaired the carrying value of property, plant and equipment and the value of raw materials which, in the current circumstances, we would be unable to sell. The impairment charges in relation to property, plant and equipment and inventory were £1.9 million and £1.3 million respectively. \n   \n Net restructuring charge \n The Group has taken the opportunity to reduce our global footprint and rationalise costs in order to focus resources on our faster growing markets and optimise factory operations. This restructuring programme commenced in the second half of 2023 and will continue into 2024. A charge of £6.5 million has been recognised in relation to this and comprises costs associated with staff redundancies and site closure costs. \n \n A restructuring provision of £3.0 million held for Technical Ceramics, ceramic cores during the Group's 2020 restructuring programme has been released following settlement of a multi-employer pension plan and the re-letting of the site. \n   \n Net business closure and exit costs \n During 2023, we commenced liquidation of a Thermal Ceramics business in China. Costs associated with this were £1.9 million and included severance, decommissioning and advisory fees. \n \n The land and buildings owned by another Thermal Ceramics business in China which was closed in 2020 were sold in December 2023. The gain associated with this sale was £2.4 million. \n \n We disposed of a Thermal Ceramics business in France in 2015, for which we retained responsibility for remediating the impact of historical manufacturing processes on the environment. An assessment of the remaining required remediation was performed in 2023 and as a consequence of this review we have provided £2.4 million. \n   \n Impairment of non-financial assets \n Seals and Bearings, Europe \n An impairment charge of £2.9 million was recognised after reassessing the value in use of property, plant and equipment in a business in Italy, which was experiencing limited growth. This represents a partial impairment of the assets; the carrying value of the assets following this impairment was £5.3 million. The calculation of value in use was performed as at 31 December 2023, a long-term growth rate of 1.0% was used for years beyond the five-year forecast period and in calculating the terminal value, with a pre-tax discount rate of 17.3%. \n \n An impairment charge of £0.3 million was recognised after assessing the viability of a development asset, which could not be successfully commissioned. \n   \n   \n Seals and Bearings, Asia \n An impairment charge of £1.9 million was recognised after reassessing the value in use of property, plant and equipment in a business which was experiencing limited growth and under-utilisation of key assets. This represents a partial impairment of assets; the carrying value of the assets following this impairment was £2.2 million. The calculation was performed as at 31 December 2023, using a long-term growth rate of 1.0% and a pre-tax discount rate of 13.9%. \n   \n Electrical Carbon, North America \n An impairment charge of £1.5 million was recognised after assessing the viability of a development asset in North America which was not deemed to be commercially viable. \n   \n Electrical Carbon, Asia \n An impairment charge of £0.7 million was recognised in relation to assets associated with a manufacturing line which, based on current projections, is expected to be under-utilised from 2025 onwards. \n   \n Reversal of impairment of non-financial assets (recognised in previous periods) \n In 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we impaired property, plant and equipment within our Technical Ceramics, ceramic cores business and Thermal Ceramics, Europe. Following our review as at 31 December 2023 of assets which continue to be used and which were impaired in previous years, we have reversed a portion of this impairment. For the ceramic cores business, we reversed £5.7 million being a full reversal, reinstating the net book value at which the assets would have been held if the impairment had not been booked in 2020, because the business and the aerospace industry have demonstrated sustained growth. For Thermal Ceramics, Europe we have recorded a partial impairment reversal of £2.4 million following sustained recovery of the industrial market segments. This reversal is based on a value in use calculation which was performed at 31 December 2023, using a long-term growth rate of 1.0% for years beyond the five-year forecast period and in calculating terminal value, with a pre-tax discount rate of 13.6%. \n   \n Review of cumulative impairment of non-financial assets \n Impairment charges of £20.6 million for non-financial assets which the business continues to use have been recorded during the current and previous years (Technical Ceramics, Asia £7.7 million, Thermal Ceramics £7.2 million, Seals and Bearings, Asia £2.9 million and Seals and Bearings, Europe £2.8 million). These impaired amounts could be reversed if the related businesses were to outperform significantly against their budget. A sensitivity analysis was carried out using reasonably possible changes to the key assumptions in assessing the value in use of these non-financial assets. This did not result in a material reversal of the impaired amounts. \n   \n 2022 \n   \n Impairment of non-financial assets \n   \n Seals and Bearings, Asia \n An impairment charge of £0.6 million was recognised relating to assets purchased to support a customer contract which did not materialise. \n \n A further impairment charge of £1.0 million was recognised after reassessing the value in use of property, plant and equipment in a business in Asia which was taking longer than anticipated to generate revenues. This represented a partial impairment of the assets; the carrying value of the assets following this impairment was £5.2 million. The calculation of the value in use was performed as at December 2022. A long-term growth rate of 1.0% was used for years beyond the five-year forecast period and in calculating the terminal value. A pre-tax discount rate of 12.9% was used to determine the value in use. \n   \n Thermal Ceramics, Europe \n An impairment charge of £1.2 million was recognised following a fire in December which destroyed a warehouse and inventory. The assets were subsequently written off. \n \n An impairment charge of £1.1 million was recognised after reassessing the value in use of property, plant and equipment in a business in France which was experiencing limited growth and under-utilisation of key assets. This represented a partial impairment of the assets. The carrying value of the assets following the impairment was £0.3 million. The calculation of value in use was performed as at December 2022. A long-term growth rate of 1.0% was used for years beyond the five-year forecast period and in calculating the terminal value. A pre-tax discount rate of 13.7% was used to determine the value in use. \n   \n Thermal Ceramics, South America \n An impairment charge of £0.9 million was recognised in relation to assets associated with a closed manufacturing line. \n   \n Technical Ceramics, Asia \n An impairment charge of £1.7 million was recognised after reassessing the value in use of property, plant and equipment in a business in Asia which was taking longer than anticipated to generate revenues. This represented a partial impairment of the assets; the carrying value of the assets following this impairment was £3.2 million. The calculation of the value in use was performed as at December 2022. \n \n A long-term growth rate of 1.0% was used for years beyond the five-year forecast period and in calculating the terminal value. A pre-tax discount rate of 12.9% was used to determine the value in use. \n   \n   \n Restructuring credit \n A credit of £0.6 million was recognised in the year ended 31 December 2022. This represented the release of restructuring provisions recorded in relation to the Group's 2020 restructuring programme. The remaining provision of £10.5 million as at 31 December 2022 included lease exit costs and multi-employer pension obligations for two sites which were closed in 2021. In 2022, the cash outflows relating to the pension obligations were expected to continue for up to 19 years, subject to any settlement being reached in advance of that date. Cash outflows in relation to the lease were expected to continue for four years. \n   \n Net profit on disposal of business \n The Group disposed of its investment in the joint venture Sukhoy Log, based in Russia, during 2022. This disposal generated a net profit of £0.4 million. Refer to note 2 for further information. \n   \n Foreign currency impact \n   \n The principal exchange rates used in the translation of the results of overseas subsidiaries were as follows: \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2023 \n \n \n 2022 \n \n \n \n \n GBP to: \n \n \n Closing rate \n \n \n Average rate \n \n \n Closing rate \n \n \n Average rate \n \n \n \n \n US dollar \n \n \n 1.27 \n \n \n 1.24 \n \n \n 1.21 \n \n \n 1.24 \n \n \n \n \n Euro \n \n \n 1.15 \n \n \n 1.15 \n \n \n 1.13 \n \n \n 1.17 \n \n \n \n \n   \n For illustrative purposes, the table below provides details of the impact on 2023 revenue and Group adjusted operating profit* if the actual reported results, calculated using 2023 average exchange rates were restated for GBP weakening by 10 cents against USD in isolation and 10 cents against the Euro in isolation: \n   \n \n \n \n \n Increase in 2023 revenue/adjusted operating profit 1 if: \n \n \n Revenue \n   \n £m \n \n \n Adjusted operating profit 1 \n £m \n \n \n \n \n GBP weakens by 10c against the USD in isolation \n \n \n 42.8 \n \n \n 4.9 \n \n \n \n \n GBP weakens by 10c against the Euro in isolation \n \n \n 21.5 \n \n \n 2.5 \n \n \n \n \n 1. Definitions of these non-GAAP measures can be found in the glossary of terms on page 46, reconciliations of the statutory results to the adjusted measures can be found on pages 14 to 18. \n   \n Retranslating the 2023 full year results at the February 2024 closing exchange rates would lead to revenue of £1,091.7 million and adjusted operating profit* of £112.7 million. \n   \n \n \n   \n Cash flow \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2023 \n   \n £m \n \n \n 2022 \n   \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Cash generated from continuing operations \n \n \n 126.3 \n \n \n 59.1 \n \n \n \n \n Net capital expenditure \n \n \n (58.5) \n \n \n (57.4) \n \n \n \n \n Net interest on cash and borrowings \n \n \n (11.6) \n \n \n (5.4) \n \n \n \n \n Tax paid \n \n \n (30.3) \n \n \n (31.8) \n \n \n \n \n Lease payments and interest \n \n \n (11.3) \n \n \n (11.4) \n \n \n \n \n Free cash flow before acquisitions, disposals and dividends 1 \n \n \n 14.6 \n \n \n (46.9) \n \n \n \n \n Dividends paid to external plc shareholders \n \n \n (34.2) \n \n \n (31.6) \n \n \n \n \n Net cash flows from other investing and financing activities \n \n \n (17.8) \n \n \n (10.3) \n \n \n \n \n Cash flows from sale of subsidiaries and associates \n \n \n - \n \n \n 0.4 \n \n \n \n \n Net cash flows from discontinued operations \n \n \n 0.4 \n \n \n 1.1 \n \n \n \n \n Exchange movement and other non-cash movements \n \n \n 0.3 \n \n \n (14.5) \n \n \n \n \n Opening net debt 1 excluding lease liabilities \n \n \n (148.5) \n \n \n (46.7) \n \n \n \n \n Closing net debt 1 excluding lease liabilities \n \n \n (185.2) \n \n \n (148.5) \n \n \n \n \n    Closing lease liabilities \n \n \n (47.1) \n \n \n (51.9) \n \n \n \n \n Closing net debt 1 \n \n \n (232.3) \n \n \n (200.4) \n \n \n \n \n 1. Definitions of these non-GAAP measures can be found in the glossary of terms on page 46, reconciliations of the statutory results to the adjusted measures can be found on pages 14 to 18. \n   \n Cash generated from continuing operations was £126.3 million (2022: 59.1 million). \n   \n Free cash flow before acquisitions, disposals and dividends* was £14.6 million (2022: £(46.9) million). \n   \n Net debt* at the year end was £232.3. million (2022: £200.4 million), representing a net debt* to EBITDA* ratio of 1.5. times (2022: 1.1 times). \n   \n Net debt* excluding lease liabilities was £185.2. million (2022: £148.5 million), representing a net debt* to EBITDA* ratio excluding lease liabilities of 1.2 times (2022: 0.8 times). \n   \n Defined benefit pension plans \n   \n The Group pension deficit has increased by £9.6 million since last year end to £25.2 million on an IAS 19 (revised) basis. \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n The UK Schemes' surplus decreased by £12.7 million to £12.5 million (2022 surplus: £25.2 million), (discount rate 2023: 4.52%; discount rate 2022: 4.81%). \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n The US Schemes' deficit decreased by £3.7 million to £5.5 million (2022: £9.2 million), (discount rate 2023: 4.80%; discount rate 2022: 4.99%). \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n The European Schemes' deficit increased by £0.3 million to £28.2 million (2022: £27.9 million), (discount rate 2023: 3.40%; discount rate 2022: 3.70%). \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n The Rest of World Schemes' deficit increased by £0.3 million to £4.0 million (2022: £3.7 million), (discount rate 2023: 5.52%; discount rate 2023: 5.30%). \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n The most recent full actuarial valuations of the UK Schemes were undertaken as at 31 March 2022 and resulted in combined assessed deficits of £49.7 million on the 'Technical Provisions' basis. The Company subsequently agreed with the Trustees to make a lump sum contribution to the Schemes of £67.0 million on 29 December 2022 in lieu of the remaining contributions that would otherwise have been due under the existing recovery plans from the 31 March 2019 valuations. The sum paid represented the value of the deficit on the more prudent 'Long Term Objective' basis on the date of that agreement, 25 October 2022. As a result, no further contributions to the Schemes are expected to be required pending the results of the next full valuations as at 31 March 2025. \n   \n \n \n   \n Final dividend \n   \n The Board is recommending a final dividend, subject to shareholder approval, of 6.7 pence per share on the Ordinary share capital of the Group, payable on 17 May 2024 to Ordinary shareholders on the register at the close of business on 26 April 2024. The ex-dividend date is 25 April 2024. \n   \n Together with the interim dividend of 5.3 pence per share paid on 17 November 2023, this final dividend, if approved by shareholders, brings the total distribution for the year to 12.0 pence per share (2022: 12.0 pence). \n   \n A total dividend of 12.0 pence per share represents a dividend cover of adjusted EPS* of 2.1 times. \n   \n The Board has committed to grow the Ordinary dividend as the economic environment and the Group's earnings improve, targeting a dividend cover of around 2.5 times over the medium term. While the results in 2023 were depressed by the impact of the cyber security incident, the balance sheet is strong and the Board is confident about the outlook for the business. Consequently, the Board is recommending a flat dividend in 2023 even though cover is lower than our target for this year. \n   \n Definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP to GAAP measures \n   \n Reference is made to the following non-GAAP measures throughout this document. These measures are shown because the Directors consider they provide useful information to shareholders, including additional insight into ongoing trading and year-on-year comparisons. These non-GAAP measures should be viewed as complementary to, not replacements for, the comparable GAAP measures. As defined in the basis of preparation on page 24, these measures are calculated on a continuing basis. \n   \n Adjusted operating profit \n   \n Adjusted operating profit is stated before specific adjusting items and amortisation of intangible assets. Specific adjusting items are excluded on the basis that they distort trading performance. Amortisation is excluded consistent with previous years. \n   \n \n \n \n \n 2023 \n \n \n Thermal Ceramics \n £m \n \n \n Molten \n  Metal Systems \n £m \n \n \n Electrical Carbon \n £m \n \n \n Seals and Bearings \n £m \n \n \n Technical Ceramics \n £m \n \n \n Segment total \n  £m \n \n \n Corporate \n costs 1 \n £m \n \n \n Group \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Operating profit \n \n \n 25.3 \n \n \n 4.2 \n \n \n 38.7 \n \n \n 3.3 \n \n \n 40.4 \n \n \n 111.9 \n \n \n (20.0) \n \n \n 91.9 \n \n \n \n \n Add back specific adjusting items included in operating profit \n \n \n 8.0 \n \n \n 1.3 \n \n \n 2.3 \n \n \n 7.4 \n \n \n (8.0) \n \n \n 11.0 \n \n \n 14.1 \n \n \n 25.1 \n \n \n \n \n Add back amortisation \nof intangible assets \n \n \n 1.2 \n \n \n 0.2 \n \n \n 0.5 \n \n \n 0.7 \n \n \n 0.7 \n \n \n 3.3 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 3.3 \n \n \n \n \n Adjusted operating profit \n \n \n 34.5 \n \n \n 5.7 \n \n \n 41.5 \n \n \n  11.4 \n \n \n      33.1 \n \n \n          126.2 \n \n \n (5.9) \n \n \n 120.3 \n \n \n \n \n Adjusted operating profit margin \n \n \n 8.6% \n \n \n 10.9% \n \n \n 20.6% \n \n \n                 7.8% \n \n \n 10.6% \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n 10.8% \n \n \n \n \n 1.  Corporate costs consist of central head office costs. \n   \n \n \n \n \n 2022 \n \n \n Thermal Ceramics \n £m \n \n \n Molten \n  Metal Systems \n £m \n \n \n Electrical Carbon \n £m \n \n \n Seals and Bearings \n £m \n \n \n Technical Ceramics \n £m \n \n \n Segment total \n  £m \n \n \n Corporate \n costs 1 \n £m \n \n \n Group \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Operating profit \n \n \n 44.3 \n \n \n 7.5 \n \n \n 39.1 \n \n \n 16.6 \n \n \n 39.2 \n \n \n 146.7 \n \n \n (5.9) \n \n \n 140.8 \n \n \n \n \n Add back specific adjusting items included in operating profit \n \n \n 2.8 \n \n \n - \n \n \n (0.1) \n \n \n 1.6 \n \n \n 1.2 \n \n \n 5.5 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 5.5 \n \n \n \n \n Add back amortisation \nof intangible assets \n \n \n 1.6 \n \n \n 0.3 \n \n \n 0.7 \n \n \n 0.8 \n \n \n 1.3 \n \n \n 4.7 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 4.7 \n \n \n \n \n Adjusted operating profit \n \n \n 48.7 \n \n \n 7.8 \n \n \n 39.7 \n \n \n 19.0 \n \n \n 41.7 \n \n \n 156.9 \n \n \n (5.9) \n \n \n 151.0 \n \n \n \n \n Adjusted operating profit margin \n \n \n 11.6% \n \n \n 13.5% \n \n \n 21.0% \n \n \n 12.8% \n \n \n 14.1% \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n 13.6% \n \n \n \n \n 1.  Corporate costs consist of central head office costs. \n   \n \n \n   \n Organic growth \n   \n Organic growth is the growth of the business excluding the impacts of acquisitions and divestments, and foreign currency impacts. This measure is used as it allows revenue and adjusted operating profit to be compared on a like-for-like basis. Commentary on the underlying business performance is included within the Review of operations on pages 6 to 8. \n   \n Year-on-year movements in segment revenue \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n Thermal Ceramics \n £m \n \n \n Molten Metal Systems \n £m \n \n \n Electrical Carbon \n £m \n \n \n Seals and Bearings \n £m \n \n \n Technical Ceramics \n £m \n \n \n Segment \n total \n £m \n \n \n \n \n 2022 revenue \n \n \n 421.4 \n \n \n 57.8 \n \n \n 188.7 \n \n \n 148.5 \n \n \n 295.7 \n \n \n 1,112.1 \n \n \n \n \n Impact of foreign currency movements \n \n \n (16.3) \n \n \n (1.0) \n \n \n (5.1) \n \n \n (0.9) \n \n \n (1.5) \n \n \n (24.8) \n \n \n \n \n Impact of acquisitions, disposals and business exits \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n Organic constant-currency change \n \n \n (2.9) \n \n \n (4.6) \n \n \n 17.8 \n \n \n (1.8) \n \n \n 18.9 \n \n \n 27.4 \n \n \n \n \n Organic constant-currency change % \n \n \n (0.7)% \n \n \n (8.1)% \n \n \n 9.7% \n \n \n (1.2)% \n \n \n 6.4% \n \n \n 2.5% \n \n \n \n \n 2023 revenue \n \n \n 402.2 \n \n \n 52.2 \n \n \n 201.4 \n \n \n 145.8 \n \n \n 313.1 \n \n \n 1,114.7 \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n Year-on-year movements in segment and Group adjusted operating profit \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n Thermal Ceramics \n £m \n \n \n Molten Metal Systems \n £m \n \n \n Electrical Carbon \n £m \n \n \n Seals and Bearings \n £m \n \n \n Technical Ceramics \n £m \n \n \n Segment total \n £m \n \n \n Corporate \n costs 1 \n £m \n \n \n Group \n £m \n \n \n \n \n 2022 adjusted operating profit \n \n \n 48.7 \n \n \n 7.8 \n \n \n 39.7 \n \n \n 19.0 \n \n \n 41.7 \n \n \n 156.9 \n \n \n (5.9) \n \n \n 151.0 \n \n \n \n \n Impact of foreign currency movements \n \n \n (4.7) \n \n \n (0.3) \n \n \n (1.7) \n \n \n (0.2) \n \n \n 0.1 \n \n \n (6.8) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (6.8) \n \n \n \n \n Impact of acquisitions, disposals and business exits \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n Organic constant-currency change \n \n \n (9.5) \n \n \n (1.8) \n \n \n 3.5 \n \n \n (7.4) \n \n \n (8.7) \n \n \n (23.9) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (23.9) \n \n \n \n \n Organic constant-currency change % \n \n \n (21.6)% \n \n \n (24.0)% \n \n \n 9.2% \n \n \n (39.4)% \n \n \n (20.8)% \n \n \n (15.9)% \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n 2023 adjusted operating profit \n \n \n 34.5 \n \n \n 5.7 \n \n \n 41.5 \n \n \n 11.4 \n \n \n 33.1 \n \n \n 126.2 \n \n \n (5.9) \n \n \n 120.3 \n \n \n \n \n 1. Corporate costs consist of central head office costs. \n   \n   \n \n \n   \n Group EBITDA \n   \n Group EBITDA is defined as operating profit before specific adjusting items, depreciation and amortisation of intangible assets. The Group uses this measure as it is a key metric in covenants over debt facilities, these covenants use EBITDA on a pre-IFRS 16 basis i.e. excluding capital and interest payments on leases which have been capitalised following the adoption of IFRS 16. This is used as a proxy for the charge that would have been attributable to operating leases under the now defunct IAS 17.  A reconciliation of operating profit to Group EBITDA is as follows: \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n   \n \n \n 2023 \n £m \n \n \n 2022 \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Operating profit \n \n \n 91.9 \n \n \n 140.8 \n \n \n \n \n Add back: specific adjusting items included in operating profit \n \n \n 25.1 \n \n \n 5.5 \n \n \n \n \n Add back: depreciation - property, plant and equipment \n \n \n 31.9 \n \n \n 30.3 \n \n \n \n \n Add back: depreciation - right-of-use assets \n \n \n 7.6 \n \n \n 7.8 \n \n \n \n \n Add back: amortisation of intangible assets \n \n \n 3.3 \n \n \n 4.7 \n \n \n \n \n Group EBITDA \n \n \n 159.8 \n \n \n 189.1 \n \n \n \n \n Group EBITDA excluding IFRS 16 Leases impact \n \n \n 148.5 \n \n \n 177.7 \n \n \n \n \n   \n Free cash flow before acquisitions, disposals and dividends \n   \n Free cash flow before acquisitions, disposals and dividends is defined as cash generated from continuing operations less net capital expenditure, net interest (interest paid on borrowings, overdrafts and lease liabilities, net of interest received), tax paid and lease payments. The Group discloses free cash flow as this provides readers of the consolidated financial statements with a measure of the cash flows from the business before corporate level cash flows (acquisitions, disposals and dividends). \n                                                            \n A reconciliation of cash generated from continuing operations to free cash flow before acquisitions, disposals and dividends is as follows: \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n   \n \n \n 2023 \n £m \n \n \n 2022 \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Cash generated from continuing operations \n \n \n 126.3 \n \n \n 59.1 \n \n \n \n \n Net capital expenditure \n \n \n (58.5) \n \n \n (57.4) \n \n \n \n \n Net interest on cash and borrowings \n \n \n (11.6) \n \n \n (5.4) \n \n \n \n \n Tax paid \n \n \n (30.3) \n \n \n (31.8) \n \n \n \n \n Lease payments and interest \n \n \n (11.3) \n \n \n (11.4) \n \n \n \n \n Free cash flow before acquisitions, disposals and dividends \n \n \n 14.6 \n \n \n (46.9) \n \n \n \n \n   \n Net cash and cash equivalents \n   \n Net cash and cash equivalents is defined as cash and cash equivalents less bank overdrafts. The Group also discloses this measure as it provides an indication of the net short-term liquidity available to the Group. \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n \n \n 2023 \n £m \n \n \n 2022 \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Cash and cash equivalents \n \n \n 124.5 \n \n \n 117.7 \n \n \n \n \n Bank overdrafts \n \n \n (0.6) \n \n \n (1.5) \n \n \n \n \n Net cash and cash equivalents \n \n \n 123.9 \n \n \n 116.2 \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n Net debt \n   \n Net debt is defined as borrowings, bank overdrafts and lease liabilities, less cash and cash equivalents. The Group discloses net debt because it helps readers of the consolidated financial statements assess its ability to meet financial obligations, manage debt and its capacity to invest in growth opportunities. The Group also discloses this metric excluding lease liabilities as this is the measure used in the covenants over the Group's debt facilities. \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n \n \n 2023 \n £m \n \n \n 2022 \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Cash and cash equivalents \n \n \n 124.5 \n \n \n 117.7 \n \n \n \n \n Non-current borrowings \n \n \n (309.1) \n \n \n (230.1) \n \n \n \n \n Non-current lease liabilities \n \n \n (36.6) \n \n \n (41.4) \n \n \n \n \n Current borrowings and bank overdrafts \n \n \n (0.6) \n \n \n (36.1) \n \n \n \n \n Current lease liabilities \n \n \n (10.5) \n \n \n (10.5) \n \n \n \n \n Closing net debt \n \n \n (232.3) \n \n \n (200.4) \n \n \n \n \n Closing net debt excluding lease liabilities \n \n \n (185.2) \n \n \n (148.5) \n \n \n \n \n   \n Return on invested capital \n   \n The Group discloses return on invested capital (ROIC) to assess its efficiency in generating profits from the capital it has invested in its operations. The ROIC calculation has been simplified this year so that it can be calculated from published information. Prior period comparatives have been restated to follow the same methodology. ROIC is now defined as 12-month adjusted operating profit (operating profit excluding specific adjusting items and amortisation of intangible assets) divided by the average adjusted net assets (excludes long-term employee benefits, deferred tax assets and liabilities, current tax payable, provisions, cash and cash equivalents, borrowings, bank overdrafts and lease liabilities). Third party working capital includes inventories, trade and other receivables, and trade and other payables. \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n   \n \n \n 2023 \n £m \n \n \n 2022 1 \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Operating profit \n \n \n 91.9 \n \n \n 140.8 \n \n \n \n \n Add back: specific adjusting items \n \n \n 25.1 \n \n \n 5.5 \n \n \n \n \n Add back: amortisation of intangible assets \n \n \n 3.3 \n \n \n 4.7 \n \n \n \n \n Group adjusted operating profit \n \n \n 120.3 \n \n \n 151.0 \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Third-party working capital \n \n \n 174.7 \n \n \n 181.7 \n \n \n \n \n Plant and equipment \n \n \n 293.8 \n \n \n 283.2 \n \n \n \n \n Right-of-use assets \n \n \n 31.6 \n \n \n 33.6 \n \n \n \n \n Goodwill \n \n \n 177.5 \n \n \n 181.9 \n \n \n \n \n Other Intangible assets \n \n \n 4.7 \n \n \n 7.1 \n \n \n \n \n Capital employed \n \n \n 682.3 \n \n \n 687.5 \n \n \n \n \n Average capital employed \n \n \n 684.9 \n \n \n 637.8 \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n ROIC \n \n \n 17.6% \n \n \n 23.7% \n \n \n \n \n 1. The return on invested capital calculation has been simplified so that it can be calculated from published information and the prior period comparative has been restated. Under the previous methodology (which used 12-month adjusted operating profit and 12-month adjusted net assets), ROIC as at 31 December 2023 was 16.9% (2022: 23.0%). \n   \n \n \n Adjusted earnings per share \n   \n Adjusted earnings per share is defined as operating profit adjusted to exclude specific adjusting items and amortisation of intangible assets, less net financing costs, income tax expense and non-controlling interests, divided by the weighted average number of Ordinary shares during the period. This measure of earnings is shown because the Directors consider that it provides a helpful indication of the Group's financial performance excluding material non-recurring expenses or gains and non-financial asset impairments and impairment reversals, and therefore facilitates the evaluation of the Group's performance over time. \n   \n A reconciliation from IFRS profit to the profit used to calculate adjusted earnings per share* is included in note 8 to the consolidated financial statements on page 36. \n   \n Constant-currency revenue and adjusted operating profit \n   \n Constant-currency revenue and adjusted operating profit are derived by translating the prior year results at current year average exchange rates. These measures are used as they allow revenue to be compared excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates. Page 11 provides further information on the principal foreign currency exchange rates used in the translation of the Group's results to constant-currency at average exchange rates. \n   \n Business simplification \n   \n As mentioned on page 2, in order to focus our resources on the most attractive opportunities, we will in future manage the Company through three distinct segments, Thermal Products, Performance Carbon and Technical Ceramics. This structure is effective from 1 January 2024. \n   \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n \n \n Revenue \n \n \n Adjusted operating profit \n \n \n Adjusted operating \n profit margin % \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2023 \n \n \n \n \n \n 2022 \n \n \n 2023 \n \n \n \n \n \n 2022 \n \n \n 2023 \n \n \n \n \n \n 2022 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n £m \n \n \n \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n \n \n \n £m \n \n \n % \n \n \n \n \n \n % \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Products \n \n \n 454.4 \n \n \n \n \n \n 479.2 \n \n \n 40.2 \n \n \n \n \n \n 56.5 \n \n \n 8.8% \n \n \n \n \n \n 11.8% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Performance Carbon \n \n \n 327.2 \n \n \n \n \n \n 321.7 \n \n \n 50.0 \n \n \n \n \n \n 57.3 \n \n \n 15.3% \n \n \n \n \n \n 17. 8 % \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Technical Ceramics 1 \n \n \n 333.1 \n \n \n \n \n \n 311.2 \n \n \n 36.0 \n \n \n \n \n \n 43. 1 \n \n \n 10.8% \n \n \n \n \n \n 13.8% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Segment total \n \n \n 1,114.7 \n \n \n   \n \n \n 1,112.1 \n \n \n 126.2 \n \n \n   \n \n \n 156.9 \n \n \n 11.3% \n \n \n   \n \n \n 14.1% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Corporate costs \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n (5.9) \n \n \n \n \n \n (5.9) \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Group adjusted operating profit \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 120.3 \n \n \n \n \n \n 151.0 \n \n \n 10.8% \n \n \n \n \n \n 13.6% \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n The table above displays restated comparative figures for 2022. The restatements reflect the impact of the changes made to the Group's internal organisation which has caused the composition of its reportable segments to change. \n   \n 1.The new Technical Ceramics segment comprises the current Technical Ceramics GBU and one business from the Seals and Bearings GBU. \n   \n \n \n   \n   \n Consolidated income statement \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n Year ended 31 December 2023 \n \n \n \n \n \n Year ended 31 December 2022 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n Results before specific adjusting items \n \n \n Specific adjusting items 1 \n \n \n Total \n \n \n \n \n \n Results before specific adjusting items \n \n \n Specific adjusting items 1 \n \n \n Total \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Note \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n Revenue \n   \n \n \n 3 \n \n \n 1,114.7 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 1,114.7 \n \n \n \n \n \n 1,112.1 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 1,112.1 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Operating costs before amortisation of intangible assets, impairments and reversal of impairments of non-financial assets \n \n \n \n \n \n (994.4) \n \n \n (25.9) \n \n \n (1,020.3) \n \n \n \n \n \n (961.1) \n \n \n 1.0 \n \n \n (960.1) \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Profit from operations before amortisation of intangible assets, impairments and reversal of impairments of non-financial assets \n \n \n 3 \n \n \n 120.3 \n \n \n (25.9) \n \n \n 94.4 \n \n \n \n \n \n 151.0 \n \n \n 1.0 \n \n \n 152.0 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Amortisation of intangible assets \n \n \n \n \n \n (3.3) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (3.3) \n \n \n \n \n \n (4.7) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (4.7) \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Impairment of non-financial assets \n \n \n 4 \n \n \n - \n \n \n (7.3) \n \n \n (7.3) \n \n \n \n \n \n - \n \n \n (6.5) \n \n \n (6.5) \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Reversal of impairment of non-financial assets \n \n \n 4 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 8.1 \n \n \n 8.1 \n \n \n \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Operating profit \n \n \n 3 \n \n \n 117.0 \n \n \n (25.1) \n \n \n 91.9 \n \n \n \n \n \n 146.3 \n \n \n (5.5) \n \n \n 140.8 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Finance income \n \n \n \n \n \n 3.9 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 3.9 \n \n \n \n \n \n 1.6 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 1.6 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Finance expense \n \n \n \n \n \n (18.0) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (18.0) \n \n \n \n \n \n (10.8) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (10.8) \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Net financing costs \n \n \n 5 \n \n \n (14.1) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (14.1) \n \n \n \n \n \n (9.2) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (9.2) \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Profit before taxation \n \n \n \n \n \n 102.9 \n \n \n (25.1) \n \n \n 77.8 \n \n \n \n \n \n 137.1 \n \n \n (5.5) \n \n \n 131.6 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Income tax expense \n \n \n 6 \n \n \n (26.0) \n \n \n 3.8 \n \n \n (22.2) \n \n \n \n \n \n (37.1) \n \n \n 1.1 \n \n \n (36.0) \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Profit from continuing operations \n \n \n \n \n \n 76.9 \n \n \n (21.3) \n \n \n 55.6 \n \n \n \n \n \n 100.0 \n \n \n (4.4) \n \n \n 95.6 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Profit from discontinued operations 2 \n \n \n 7 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 0.7 \n \n \n 0.7 \n \n \n \n \n \n - \n \n \n 1.1 \n \n \n 1.1 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Profit for the year \n \n \n \n \n \n 76.9 \n \n \n (20.6) \n \n \n 56.3 \n \n \n \n \n \n 100.0 \n \n \n (3.3) \n \n \n 96.7 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Profit for the year attributable to: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n        Shareholders of the Company \n \n \n \n \n \n 67.9 \n \n \n (20.6) \n \n \n 47.3 \n \n \n \n \n \n 91.3 \n \n \n (3.3) \n \n \n 88.0 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n        Non-controlling interests \n \n \n \n \n \n 9.0 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 9.0 \n \n \n \n \n \n 8.7 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 8.7 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Profit for the year \n \n \n \n \n \n 76.9 \n \n \n (20.6) \n \n \n 56.3 \n \n \n \n \n \n 100.0 \n \n \n (3.3) \n \n \n 96.7 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Earnings per share \n \n \n 8 \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Continuing and discontinued operations \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Basic earnings per share \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n 16.6p \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 31.0p \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Diluted earnings per share \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n 16.5p \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 30.7p \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Continuing operations \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Basic earnings per share \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n 16.4p \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 30.6p \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Diluted earnings per share \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n 16.3p \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 30.3p \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Dividends 3 \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Interim dividend                 - pence \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n 5.30p \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 5.30p \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n                                            - £m \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n 15.1 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 15.1 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Proposed final dividend     - pence \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n 6.70p \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 6.70p \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n                                            - £m \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 19.1 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 19.1 \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n 1. Details of specific adjusting items from continuing operations are given in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements. \n 2. Profits from discontinued operations are entirely attributable to the Shareholders of the Company. \n 3. The proposed final dividend is based upon the number of Ordinary shares outstanding at the balance sheet date. \n   \n   \n   \n Consolidated statement of comprehensive income \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n 31 December 2023 \n \n \n 31 December 2022 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Note \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Profit for the year \n \n \n \n \n \n 56.3 \n \n \n 96.7 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Other comprehensive (expense)/income: \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Remeasurement (loss)/gain on defined benefit plans \n \n \n 14 \n \n \n (11.5) \n \n \n 5.5 \n \n \n \n \n Tax effect of components of other comprehensive income not reclassified \n \n \n 6 \n \n \n (0.5) \n \n \n (3.4) \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n (12.0) \n \n \n 2.1 \n \n \n \n \n Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Foreign exchange translation differences \n \n \n \n \n \n (32.8) \n \n \n 17.5 \n \n \n \n \n Cash flow hedges: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n      Change in fair value \n \n \n \n \n \n 1.1 \n \n \n (0.2) \n \n \n \n \n      Transferred to profit or loss \n \n \n \n \n \n 0.2 \n \n \n 0.1 \n \n \n \n \n Net investment hedges: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n      Change in fair value \n \n \n \n \n \n (0.3) \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n (31.8) \n \n \n 17.4 \n \n \n \n \n Total other comprehensive (expense)/income \n \n \n \n \n \n (43.8) \n \n \n 19.5 \n \n \n \n \n Total comprehensive income \n \n \n \n \n \n 12.5 \n \n \n 116.2 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Attributable to: \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Shareholders of the Company \n \n \n \n \n \n 6.7 \n \n \n 106.7 \n \n \n \n \n Non-controlling interests \n \n \n \n \n \n 5.8 \n \n \n 9.5 \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 12.5 \n \n \n 116.2 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Total comprehensive income attributable to shareholders of the Company arising from: \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Continuing operations \n \n \n \n \n \n 6.0 \n \n \n 105.6 \n \n \n \n \n Discontinued operations \n \n \n \n \n \n 0.7 \n \n \n 1.1 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 6.7 \n \n \n 106.7 \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n   \n   \n \n \n   \n   \n Consolidated balance sheet \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n As at \n 31 December 2023 \n \n \n As at  \n 31 December \n 2022 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Note \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Assets \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Property, plant and equipment \n \n \n \n \n \n 9 \n \n \n 293.8 \n \n \n 283.2 \n \n \n \n \n Right-of-use assets \n \n \n \n \n \n 10 \n \n \n 31.6 \n \n \n 33.6 \n \n \n \n \n Intangible assets: goodwill \n \n \n \n \n \n 11 \n \n \n 177.5 \n \n \n 181.9 \n \n \n \n \n Intangible assets: other \n \n \n \n \n \n 11 \n \n \n 4.7 \n \n \n 7.1 \n \n \n \n \n Investments \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2.2 \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n Other receivables \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 3.4 \n \n \n 3.2 \n \n \n \n \n Deferred tax assets \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 17.6 \n \n \n 15.3 \n \n \n \n \n Total non-current assets \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 530.8 \n \n \n 524.3 \n \n \n \n \n Inventories \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 175.1 \n \n \n 174.2 \n \n \n \n \n Derivative financial assets \n \n \n \n \n \n 13 \n \n \n 1.5 \n \n \n 1.3 \n \n \n \n \n Trade and other receivables \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 191.6 \n \n \n 202.5 \n \n \n \n \n Current tax receivable \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 1.2 \n \n \n 0.3 \n \n \n \n \n Cash and cash equivalents \n \n \n \n \n \n 12 \n \n \n 124.5 \n \n \n 117.7 \n \n \n \n \n Total current assets \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 493.9 \n \n \n 496.0 \n \n \n \n \n Total assets \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 1,024.7 \n \n \n 1,020.3 \n \n \n \n \n Liabilities \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Borrowings \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 309.1 \n \n \n 230.1 \n \n \n \n \n Lease liabilities \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 36.6 \n \n \n 41.4 \n \n \n \n \n Employee benefits: pensions \n \n \n \n \n \n 14 \n \n \n 25.2 \n \n \n 15.6 \n \n \n \n \n Provisions \n \n \n \n \n \n 15 \n \n \n 11.5 \n \n \n 16.1 \n \n \n \n \n Non-trade payables \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2.4 \n \n \n 2.1 \n \n \n \n \n Deferred tax liabilities \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 1.8 \n \n \n 2.0 \n \n \n \n \n Total non-current liabilities \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 386.6 \n \n \n 307.3 \n \n \n \n \n Borrowings and bank overdrafts \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 0.6 \n \n \n 36.1 \n \n \n \n \n Lease liabilities \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 10.5 \n \n \n 10.5 \n \n \n \n \n Trade and other payables \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 192.0 \n \n \n 195.0 \n \n \n \n \n Current tax payable \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 25.6 \n \n \n 30.3 \n \n \n \n \n Provisions \n \n \n \n \n \n 15 \n \n \n 10.3 \n \n \n 9.9 \n \n \n \n \n Derivative financial liabilities \n \n \n \n \n \n 13 \n \n \n 0.5 \n \n \n 1.6 \n \n \n \n \n Total current liabilities \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 239.5 \n \n \n 283.4 \n \n \n \n \n Total liabilities \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 626.1 \n \n \n 590.7 \n \n \n \n \n Total net assets \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 398.6 \n \n \n 429.6 \n \n \n \n \n Equity \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Share capital \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 71.3 \n \n \n 71.3 \n \n \n \n \n Share premium \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 111.7 \n \n \n 111.7 \n \n \n \n \n Reserves \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 6.5 \n \n \n 35.1 \n \n \n \n \n Retained earnings \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 170.8 \n \n \n 170.9 \n \n \n \n \n Total equity attributable to shareholders of the Company \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 360.3 \n \n \n 389.0 \n \n \n \n \n Non-controlling interests \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 38.3 \n \n \n 40.6 \n \n \n \n \n Total equity \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n 398.6 \n \n \n 429.6 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n Consolidated statement of changes in equity \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Share capital \n \n \n Share premium \n \n \n Translation \n reserve \n \n \n Hedging \n reserve \n \n \n Fair value reserve \n \n \n Capital redemption reserve \n \n \n Other reserves \n \n \n Retained earnings \n   \n \n \n Total parent equity \n \n \n Non-controlling interests \n \n \n Total \n equity \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n \n \n At 1 January 2022 \n \n \n 71.3 \n \n \n 111.7 \n \n \n (16.7) \n \n \n (0.1) \n \n \n (1.0) \n \n \n 35.7 \n \n \n 0.6 \n \n \n 109.1 \n \n \n 310.6 \n \n \n 39.0 \n \n \n 349.6 \n \n \n \n \n Profit for the year \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 88.0 \n \n \n 88.0 \n \n \n 8.7 \n \n \n 96.7 \n \n \n \n \n Other comprehensive income/(expense): \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Remeasurement gain on defined benefit plans and related taxes \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 2.1 \n \n \n 2.1 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 2.1 \n \n \n \n \n Foreign exchange differences and related taxes \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 16.7 \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 16.7 \n \n \n 0.8 \n \n \n 17.5 \n \n \n \n \n Cash flow hedging fair value changes and transfers \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (0.1) \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (0.1) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (0.1) \n \n \n \n \n Total other comprehensive income/(expense) \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 16.7 \n \n \n (0.1) \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 2.1 \n \n \n 18.7 \n \n \n 0.8 \n \n \n 19.5 \n \n \n \n \n Total comprehensive income/(expense) \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 16.7 \n \n \n (0.1) \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 90.1 \n \n \n 106.7 \n \n \n 9.5 \n \n \n 116.2 \n \n \n \n \n Transactions with owners: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dividends \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (31.6) \n \n \n (31.6) \n \n \n (7.9) \n \n \n (39.5) \n \n \n \n \n Equity-settled share-based payments \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 5.7 \n \n \n 5.7 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 5.7 \n \n \n \n \n Own shares acquired for share incentive schemes (net) \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (2.4) \n \n \n (2.4) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (2.4) \n \n \n \n \n At 31 December 2022 \n \n \n 71.3 \n \n \n 111.7 \n \n \n - \n \n \n (0.2) \n \n \n (1.0) \n \n \n 35.7 \n \n \n 0.6 \n \n \n 170.9 \n \n \n 389.0 \n \n \n 40.6 \n \n \n 429.6 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n At 1 January 2023 \n \n \n 71.3 \n \n \n 111.7 \n \n \n - \n \n \n (0.2) \n \n \n (1.0) \n \n \n 35.7 \n \n \n 0.6 \n \n \n 170.9 \n \n \n 389.0 \n \n \n 40.6 \n \n \n 429.6 \n \n \n \n \n Profit for the year \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 47.3 \n \n \n 47.3 \n \n \n 9.0 \n \n \n 56.3 \n \n \n \n \n Other comprehensive income/(expense): \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Remeasurement loss on defined benefit plans and related taxes \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (12.0) \n \n \n (12.0) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (12.0) \n \n \n \n \n Foreign exchange differences and related taxes \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (29.6) \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (29.6) \n \n \n (3.2) \n \n \n (32.8) \n \n \n \n \n Cash flow hedging fair value changes and transfers \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 1.3 \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 1.3 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 1.3 \n \n \n \n \n Net investment hedging fair \n value changes and transfers \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (0.3) \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (0.3) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (0.3) \n \n \n \n \n Total other comprehensive income/(expense) \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (29.9) \n \n \n 1.3 \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (12.0) \n \n \n (40.6) \n \n \n (3.2) \n \n \n (43.8) \n \n \n \n \n Total comprehensive income/(expense) \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (29.9) \n \n \n 1.3 \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 35.3 \n \n \n 6.7 \n \n \n 5.8 \n \n \n 12.5 \n \n \n \n \n Transactions with owners: \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n Dividends \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (34.2) \n \n \n (34.2) \n \n \n (8.1) \n \n \n (42.3) \n \n \n \n \n Equity-settled share-based payments \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n 2.9 \n \n \n 2.9 \n \n \n - \n \n \n 2.9 \n \n \n \n \n Own shares acquired for share incentive schemes (net) \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n - \n \n \n (4.1) \n \n \n (4.1) \n \n \n - \n \n \n (4.1) \n \n \n \n \n At 31 December 2023 \n \n \n 71.3 \n \n \n 111.7 \n \n \n (29.9) \n \n \n 1.1 \n \n \n (1.0) \n \n \n 35.7 \n \n \n 0.6 \n \n \n 170.8 \n \n \n 360.3 \n \n \n 38.3 \n \n \n 398.6 \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n   \n \n \n   \n   \n Consolidated statement of cash flows \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Year ended \n 31 December 2023 \n \n \n Year ended \n 31 December 2022 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Note \n \n \n £m \n \n \n £m \n \n \n \n \n Operating activities \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Profit for the year from continuing operations \n \n \n \n \n \n 55.6 \n \n \n 95.6 \n \n \n \n \n Profit for the year from discontinued operations \n \n \n 7 \n \n \n 0.7 \n \n \n 1.1 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Adjustments for: \n \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n      Depreciation - property, plant and equipment \n \n \n \n \n \n 31.9 \n \n \n 30.3 \n \n \n \n \n      Depreciation - right-of-use assets \n \n \n \n \n \n 7.6 \n \n \n 7.8 \n \n \n \n \n      Amortisation \n \n \n \n \n \n 3.3 \n \n \n 4.7 \n \n \n \n \n      Net financing costs \n \n \n 5 \n \n \n 14.1 \n \n \n 9.2 \n \n \n \n \n      Profit on disposal of business \n \n \n 2,4 \n \n \n - \n \n \n (0.4) \n \n \n \n \n      Non-cash specific adjusting items included in operating profit \n \n \n \n \n \n (2.5) \n \n \n 6.6 \n \n \n \n \n      Fair value gain on equity instruments held at FVTPL \n \n \n \n \n \n (0.9) \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n      Profit on sale of property, plant and equipment \n \n \n \n \n \n (1.6) \n \n \n (0.3) \n \n \n \n \n      Income tax expense \n \n \n 6 \n \n \n 22.2 \n \n \n 36.0 \n \n \n \n \n      Equity-settled share-based payment expense \n \n \n \n \n \n 2.9 \n \n \n 5.1 \n \n \n \n \n Cash generated from operations before changes in working capital and provisions \n \n \n \n \n \n 133.3 \n \n \n 195.7 \n \n \n \n \n Increase in trade and other receivables \n \n \n \n \n \n (4.0) \n \n \n (26.5) \n \n \n \n \n Increase in inventories \n \n \n \n \n \n (12.3) \n \n \n (25.2) \n \n \n \n \n Increase in trade and other payables \n \n \n \n \n \n 13.3 \n \n \n 7.0 \n \n \n \n \n Decrease in provisions \n \n \n \n \n \n (3.4) \n \n \n (4.9) \n \n \n \n \n Payments to defined benefit pension plans (net of IAS 19 pension charges) \n \n \n 14 \n \n \n (0.2) \n \n \n (85.9) \n \n \n \n \n Cash generated from operations \n \n \n \n \n \n 126.7 \n \n \n 60.2 \n \n \n \n \n Interest paid - borrowings and overdrafts \n \n \n   \n \n \n (15.5) \n \n \n (7.0) \n \n \n \n \n Interest paid - lease liabilities \n \n \n   \n \n \n (2.4) \n \n \n (2.4) \n \n \n \n \n Income tax paid \n \n \n   \n \n \n (30.3) \n \n \n (31.8) \n \n \n \n \n Net cash from operating activities \n \n \n   \n \n \n 78.5 \n \n \n 19.0 \n \n \n \n \n Investing activities \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Purchase of property, plant and equipment and software \n \n \n \n \n \n (60.4) \n \n \n (58.0) \n \n \n \n \n Purchase of investments \n \n \n   \n \n \n (5.6) \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment \n \n \n   \n \n \n 1.8 \n \n \n 0.6 \n \n \n \n \n Grants received for purchase of equipment \n \n \n   \n \n \n 0.1 \n \n \n - \n \n \n \n \n Interest received \n \n \n   \n \n \n 3.9 \n \n \n 1.6 \n \n \n \n \n Disposal of investments \n \n \n \n \n \n - \n \n \n 0.4 \n \n \n \n \n Net cash from investing activities \n \n \n   \n \n \n (60.2) \n \n \n (55.4) \n \n \n \n \n Financing activities \n \n \n   \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Purchase of own shares for share incentive schemes \n \n \n \n \n \n (4.7) \n \n \n (2.9) \n \n \n \n \n Proceeds from exercise of share options \n \n \n \n \n \n 0.6 \n \n \n 0.5 \n \n \n \n \n Increase in borrowings \n \n \n \n \n \n 247.2 \n \n \n 113.3 \n \n \n \n \n Repayment of borrowings \n \n \n \n \n \n (193.9) \n \n \n (39.0) \n \n \n \n \n Payment of lease liabilities \n \n \n \n \n \n (8.9) \n \n \n (9.0) \n \n \n \n \n Dividends paid to shareholders of the Company \n \n \n \n \n \n (34.2) \n \n \n (31.6) \n \n \n \n \n Dividends paid to non-controlling interests \n \n \n \n \n \n (8.1) \n \n \n (7.9) \n \n \n \n \n Net cash from financing activities \n \n \n \n \n \n (2.0) \n \n \n 23.4 \n \n \n \n \n Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents \n \n \n \n \n \n 16.3 \n \n \n (13.0) \n \n \n \n \n Cash and cash equivalents at start of the year \n \n \n \n \n \n 117.7 \n \n \n 127.3 \n \n \n \n \n Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held \n \n \n \n \n \n (9.5) \n \n \n 3.4 \n \n \n \n \n Cash and cash equivalents at year end \n \n \n 12 \n \n \n 124.5 \n \n \n 117.7 \n \n \n \n \n   \n \n \n   \n   \n Notes on consolidated financial statements \n   \n Note 1. Basis of preparation, changes in accounting policies and areas of significant judgement and estimate       \n The preliminary announcement for the year ended 31 December 2023, which is an abridged statement of the full Annual Report and Accounts, has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and International Financial Reporting Standards ('IFRSs') as adopted by the UK. Except for the changes set out in the adoption of new and revised standards section, there has been no other significant impact arising from new accounting policies adopted in the year. \n   \n The financial information set out in this report does not constitute the Company's statutory accounts for the years ended 31 December 2023 or 31 December 2022. Statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2022 have been delivered to the registrar of companies, and those for the year ended 31 December 2023 will be delivered in due course. \n   \n The auditors have reported on those accounts; their report was (i) unqualified, (ii) did not include a reference to any matters to which the auditors drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying their report and (iii) did not contain a statement under Section 498(2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006 in respect of the accounts for 2023 and 2022. \n   \n Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty \n In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the Group's accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Final outcomes may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. \n   \n Critical accounting judgements \n Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes:  \n   \n Note 4: Specific adjusting items \n The Group uses specific adjusting items, which are not defined or specified under IFRS. These specific adjusting items, which are not considered to be a substitute for IFRS measures, provide additional helpful information. In the consolidated income statement, the Group presents specific adjusting items separately. In the judgement of the Directors, due to the nature and value of these items they should be disclosed separately from the underlying results of the Group to provide the reader with an alternative understanding of the financial information and an indication of the underlying performance of the Group. These items which occur infrequently and include (but are not limited to): \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n Individual restructuring projects which are material or relate to the closure of a part of the business and are not expected to recur. \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n Impairment of non-financial assets which are material. \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n Gains or losses on disposal or exit of businesses. \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n Significant costs incurred as part of the integration of an acquired business. \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n Gains or losses arising on significant changes to or closures of defined benefit pension plans. \n \n \n \n \n   \n   \n For the year ended 31 December 2023, costs associated with our response to the cyber security incident and charges in relation to the impact of Argentina's currency devaluation were also classified as specific adjusting items, due to their size and nature. \n   \n Determining whether an item is part of specific adjusting items requires judgement to determine the nature and the intention of the transaction. \n                 \n Note 15: Provisions and contingent liabilities                                                                                                                                                                \n Due to the nature of its operations, the Group holds provisions for its environmental obligations. Judgement is needed in determining whether a contingent liability has crystallised into a provision. Management assesses whether there is sufficient information to determine that an environmental liability exists and whether it is possible to estimate with sufficient reliability what the cost of remediation is likely to be. For environmental remediation matters, this tends to be at the point in time when a remediation feasibility study has been completed, or sufficient information becomes available through the study to estimate the costs of remediation. \n   \n The Group will recognise a legal provision at the point when the outcome of a legal matter can be reliably estimated. Estimates are based on past experience of similar issues, professional advice received and the Group's assessment of the most likely outcome. The timing of utilisation of these provisions is frequently uncertain, reflecting the complexity of issues and the outcome of various court proceedings and associated negotiations.                                                                                                                                            \n \n \n   \n                                                                                 \n Key sources of estimation uncertainty \n The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting period that may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are included in the notes below. \n   \n Management has assessed the potential financial impacts relating to climate change-related risks, primarily considering the useful lives of property, plant and equipment, the possibility of impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets and the recoverability of the Group's deferred tax assets. Management has exercised judgement in concluding that there are no further material financial impacts of the Group's climate-related risks and opportunities on the consolidated financial statements. These judgements are kept under review by management as the future impacts of climate change depend on environmental, regulatory and other factors outside of the Group's control which are not all currently known. \n   \n Note 14: Pensions and other post-retirement employee benefits: key actuarial assumptions \n The principal actuarial assumptions applied to pensions are shown in note 14. The actuarial evaluation of pension assets and liabilities is based on assumptions in respect of inflation, future salary increases, discount rates, returns on investments and mortality rates. Relatively small changes in the assumptions underlying the actuarial valuations of pension schemes can have a significant impact on the net pension liability included in the balance sheet. \n   \n Adoption of new and revised accounting standards \n Newly adopted standards \n In the current year, the Group has applied a number of amendments to IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the UK that are mandatorily effective for an accounting period that begins on or after 1 January 2023. Their adoption has not had any material impact on the disclosures or on the amounts reported in these financial statements. \n   \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (including the June 2020 and December 2021 Amendments to IFRS 17) \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and IFRS Practice Statement 2 Making Material Judgements - Disclosure of Accounting Policies \n \n \n \n \n ·      \n \n \n Amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes - Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising fro...

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