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First Solar, Inc.
Dec 17, 2025 at 6:26 AM UTC
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First Solar: EPEAT Disclosure Report 2025

EPEAT Disclosure Report 2025

November 2025



TABLE OF CONTENTS

  1. Substances of Very High Concern (Criterion 5.2.1) 3

  2. Life Cycle Assessment (Criterion 7.1.2 and 7.2.1) 3

  3. Material Recovery Targets (Criterion 9.1.3) 5

  4. Corporate Reporting (Criterion 11.2.1) 6

  5. Corporate Reporting (Criterion 11.2.2) 10

  6. Reporting on screening of Tier 1 suppliers (11.2.3) 11

  7. Public Disclosure of Use of Conflict Minerals in Products (Criterion 11.4.1) 12

The following EPEAT disclosure report was prepared for conformance to the ANSI/NSF 457 Sustainability Leadership Standard.

  1. Substances of Very High Concern (Criterion 5.2.1)

    First Solar Series 6, Series 6 Plus, Series 6 Plus Bifacial, and Series 7 PV modules consist of four articles: glass module, junction box, cable, and frame/rail. These articles do not contain substances on the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) as defined by EU REACH regulation (revision date: Nov. 19, 2024) above 0.1% by weight per article.

  2. Life Cycle Assessment (Criterion 7.1.2 and 7.2.1)

    First Solar conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of its Series 6 PV modules, which was published in the IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8305539 (https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366638doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2018.2802786), in

    accordance with the requirements of the European Union Product Environmental Footprint Guide. A

    copy of the conference paper is available on First Solar's website and includes an overview of identified life cycle hotspots: https://www.firstsolar.com/-/media/First-Solar/Sustainability-Documents/Sustainability-Studies/PVSC_44_Addressing-Hotspots-in-the-Product-Environmental-Footprint-of-CdTe-PV.pdf

    The LCA quantifies the following mid-point indicators according to ILCD 2011 for First Solar Series 4 modules and First Solar Series 6 modules as follows:



    First Solar conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of its Series 7 PV modules, which was published in EPD Norge: https://www.epd-norge.no/epder/bygg/solcellepaneler-og-komponenter/first-solar-series-7-photovoltaic-module, in accordance with ISO 14025 and EN15804 +A2. The Series 7 EPD includes an overview of identified life cycle hotspots (p. 13).

    The LCA quantifies the following mid-point indicators according to EN15804 +A2 for First Solar Series 7 modules as follows:

    Core environmental impact indicators

    A1-A33

    A43

    A5

    B2

    B4

    C1

    C24

    C34

    D

    2.35E-01

    2.17E-

    1.69E-

    5.61E-

    2.40E-

    1.26E-

    4.36E-

    1.51E-

    -6.42E-

    02

    03

    05

    03

    04

    02

    02

    02

    2.33E-01

    2.17E-

    1.29E-

    5.26E-

    2.38E-

    1.17E-

    4.34E-

    1.36E-

    -6.38E-

    02

    03

    05

    03

    04

    02

    02

    02

    1.06E-03

    1.86E-

    4.01E-

    3.43E-

    1.14E-

    8.57E-

    1.18E-

    1.46E-

    -2.99E-

    05

    04

    06

    05

    06

    04

    03

    04

    2.35E-04

    1.32E-

    1.38E-

    6.97E-

    2.20E-

    2.88E-

    2.19E-

    1.91E-

    -2.61E-

    05

    06

    08

    06

    07

    05

    05

    05

    3.13E-09

    3.30E-

    2.06E-

    1.16E-

    3.77E-

    2.20E-

    9.21E-

    5.83E-

    -1.04E-

    10

    11

    12

    11

    12

    10

    10

    09

    Indicator Unit

    GWP-total kg CO2

    eq.

    GWP-fossil kg CO2

    eq.

    GWP-

    biogenic

    GWP-LULUC

    kg CO2 eq.

    kg CO2 eq.

    ODP kg

    CFC11

    eq.

    AP mol H⁺

    eq.

    1.59E-03 2.62E-

    04

    8.34E-

    06

    2.51E-

    07

    1.57E-

    05

    6.61E-

    07

    9.20E-

    05

    4.07E-

    05

    -2.18E-04

    EP-

    freshwater

    kg P eq. 1.42E-05 1.60E-

    07

    7.33E-

    08

    2.88E-

    09

    1.26E-

    07

    1.14E-

    08

    3.57E-

    07

    2.17E-

    06

    -1.61E-06

    EP-marine kg N eq. 3.01E-04 6.50E-

    05

    1.67E-

    06

    4.57E-

    08

    3.21E-

    06

    8.30E-

    08

    2.23E-

    05

    7.79E-

    06

    -8.00E-05

    EP-

    terrestial

    mol N eq.

    3.56E-03

    7.15E-

    04

    1.92E-

    05

    5.17E-

    07

    3.70E-

    05

    9.68E-

    07

    2.32E-

    04

    7.73E-

    05

    -4.68E-04

    POCP

    kg

    1.02E-03

    2.15E-

    5.84E-

    1.87E-

    1.12E-

    3.11E-

    1.42E-

    2.60E-

    -1.79E-

    NMVOC

    04

    06

    07

    05

    07

    04

    05

    04

    eq.

    ADP-

    kg Sb

    2.94E-06

    5.16E-

    1.30E-

    3.30E-

    2.38E-

    1.40E-

    1.48E-

    4.86E-

    -5.47E-

    M&M2

    eq.

    08

    08

    10

    08

    09

    07

    08

    07

    ADP-fossil2

    MJ

    2.83E+00

    2.85E-

    1.73E-

    8.07E-

    3.00E-

    2.62E-

    6.00E-

    2.04E-

    -5.70E-

    01

    02

    04

    02

    03

    01

    01

    01

    WDP2

    m³

    4.63E-02

    1.03E-

    2.41E-

    4.55E-

    4.31E-

    2.98E-

    2.42E-

    7.72E-

    -1.49E-

    03

    04

    03

    04

    05

    03

    03

    02

    GWP-total: Global Warming Potential; GWP-fossil: Global Warming Potential fossil fuels; GWP-biogenic: Global Warming Potential biogenic; GWP-LULUC: Global Warming Potential land use and land use change; ODP: Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP: Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance; EP-freshwater: Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; See "additional requirements" for indicator given as PO4 eq. EP-marine: Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment; EP-terrestial: Eutrophication potential, Accumulated Exceedance; POCP: Formation potential of tropospheric ozone; ADP-M&M: Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources (minerals and metals); ADP-fossil: Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources; WDP: Water deprivation potential, deprivation weighted water counsumption

    Additional environmental impact indicators

    A1-A33

    A43

    A5

    B2

    B4

    C1

    C24

    C34

    D

    1.34E-08

    1.02E-

    6.64E-

    2.76E-

    1.31E-

    2.00E-

    2.36E-

    2.26E-

    -2.43E-

    09

    11

    12

    10

    12

    09

    10

    09

    6.70E-03

    8.78E-

    5.29E-

    5.09E-

    5.89E-

    2.37E-

    3.29E-

    7.18E-

    -5.77E-

    05

    05

    06

    05

    05

    04

    04

    04

    1.96E+00

    1.62E-

    9.55E-

    2.05E-

    1.91E-

    2.62E-

    3.20E-

    7.23E-

    -4.42E-

    01

    03

    04

    02

    04

    01

    02

    01

    2.82E-10

    9.48E-

    1.23E-

    1.92E-

    2.39E-

    5.42E-

    1.97E-

    4.92E-

    -1.00E-

    12

    12

    13

    12

    14

    11

    12

    10

    5.18E-09

    2.26E-

    2.64E-

    2.54E-

    4.86E-

    2.32E-

    5.40E-

    4.92E-

    -9.66E-

    10

    11

    12

    11

    12

    10

    10

    10

    1.27E+00

    1.23E-

    7.08E-

    2.53E-

    1.35E-

    5.11E-

    3.40E-

    3.19E-

    -1.94E-

    01

    03

    04

    02

    04

    01

    02

    01

    Indicator Unit

    PM Disease

    incidence

    IRP1 kBq U235 eq.

    ETP-fw2 CTUe

    HTP-c2 CTUh

    HTP-nc CTUh SQP2 Dimensionless

    PM: Particulate matter emissions; IRP: Ionising radiation, human health; ETP-fw: Ecotoxicity (freshwater); ETP-c: Human toxicity, cancer effects; HTP-nc: Human toxicity, non-cancer effects; SQP: Land use related impacts / soil quality

  3. Material Recovery Targets (Criterion 9.1.3)

First Solar's high-value PV recycling process recovers more than 90% of a First Solar module for reuse in new First Solar modules, glass products and rubber products. Approximately 90% of the glass and more than 90% of the semiconductor material and more than 90% of other metals are recovered at end-of-life.

First Solar PV Module Recycling Material Recovery Achievements

Glass

= 90 mass-%

Metals (not including semiconductor materials)

≥ 90 mass-%

Semiconductor Materials

≥ 90 mass-%