Metair Investments Limited · JSE:MTA
Metair Investments — Technical Presentation (August 2019)
25 slides from Metair Investments's technical presentation, Aug 13, 2019
Slide 1: The Evolution of the Automotive Battery
The Evolution of the Automotive Battery Dr. S. Ndlovu, Technical Director : First National Battery TAX INTEREST TAX PROFIT INTEREST PROFIT WAGES WAGES SALARIES DIVIDENDS SALARIES DIVIDENDS TURNOVER TURNOVER CASH CSI SPEND CASH CAPITAL CSI SPEND CAPITAL PENSIONS PENSIONS
Slide 2: Presentation Overview
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW • The lead-acid battery • Lead –acid battery development • Key innovation drivers • Shift to Li-ion 2
Slide 3: Pb-Acid Battery Chemistry
Pb-ACID BATTERY CHEMISTRY So electrode 6) electrode —-_ cathode (+): lead grid with PbO, anode (—): lead grid with spongy lead electrolyte: solution of sulfuric acid METAIR INVESTMENTS LIMITED
Slide 4: Pb-Acid Battery Chemistry
Pb-ACID BATTERY CHEMISTRY Va Anode Electrolyte Cathode Anode Electrolyte Cathode Dch PbO, + H,SO, + Pb 2*—— PbSO, + H,0 + PbSO, Chg Lead dioxide Sulphuric acid Sponge lead Lead sulphate Water Lead sulphate METAIR
Slide 5: Automotive Battery History
AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY HISTORY • Car batteries became widely used around 1920 as cars became equipped with electric starters • Cars used 6V electrical systems and batteries until the mid-1950s. • The changeover from 6 to 12V happened when bigger engines required more electrical power to start STARTING L
Slide 6: SLI Battery Grid Alloy Development
SLI BATTERY GRID ALLOY DEVELOPMENT HIGH MAINTENANCE Low Antimony Calcium •Strong •Low Sb positive, •Good cycling Ca negative •Good cycling •Water loss lower •Very low water ability ability loss than low •High water loss •Lower water loss antimony Antimony Hybrid Alloy LOW MAINTENANCE 6
Slide 7: Growing Energy Requirements in the Car
GROWING ENERGY REQUIREMENTS IN THE CAR Developments in 1980s – 1990s required more electrical power • Reduced exhaust emissions • Better fuel economy • Improved safety • Increasing comfort and convenience - seat warmers, entertainment systems, air conditioners etc. • Premature ageing due to acid str
Slide 8: Start-Stop System
START- STOP SYSTEM START-STOP CONTINUED SYSTEMS ENTER THE MARKET STANDARD VEHICLE START STOP VEHICLE START STOP 1, 500 Engine starts P/A* 17, 500 * Based on 15 000 km P/A of CBD travel KEY CHALLENGES: CHARGE ACCEPTANCE, CYCLE LIFE 8
Slide 9: AGM Battery Technology
AGM BATTERY TECHNOLOGY Glass mat separators Recombinant lid technology and KEY FEATURES Higher pack pressures to facilitate improved cyclic lifespan. ABSORBENT GLASS MAT 9
Slide 10: AGM Battery Advantages
AGM BATTERY ADVANTAGES • AGM has very low internal resistance & high charge acceptance • Perfect for advanced start-stop systems in which the battery needs to be quickly recharged, through the energy provided by the regenerative braking system • Capable to deliver high currents on demand and offers
Slide 11: Enhanced Flooded Battery
EFB TECHNOLOGY • Carbon additives in the plate manufacturing process. • Improved cycling performance compared to conventional flooded batteries. • Support for a high number of engine starts and extended engine-off periods. • Improved charge acceptance compared to conventional flooded batteries. Lowe
Slide 12: Pb-Acid Battery Comparison
Pb-ACID BATTERY COMPARISON SLI EFB AGM • Low Maintenance • Maintenance-Free • Maintenance Required • Free flowing electrolyte • Immobilized electrolyte • Free flowing electrolyte • For start-stop applications • For start-stop and advanced • Conventional • Improved Charge Acceptance applications appl
Slide 13: Carbon Dioxide Emission Targets
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION TARGETS
Slide 14: Product Trends – Electrification in Cars
PRODUCT TRENDS – ELECTRIFICATION IN CARS
Slide 15: Six Key Drivers of E-Mobility
SIX KEY DRIVERS OF E-MOBILITY 15
Slide 16: Move to High Voltage Battery Requirements
MOVE TO HIGH VOLTAGE BATTERY REQUIREMENTS 6V 12/24 V 48 V >300 V 16
Slide 17: What Is a Lithium Ion Battery?
WHAT IS A LITHIUM ION BATTERY? 17
Slide 18: Different Lithium Ion Chemistries
DIFFERENT LITHIUM ION CHEMISTRIES 18
Slide 19: Energy Density of Different Battery Systems
ENERGY DENSITY OF DIFFERENT BATTERY SYSTEMS • High energy density • Size & Weight Advantages • Peukert’s Losses & Voltage Sag – virtually non-existent 19
Slide 20: Li-ion Battery Cell Designs
LI-ION BATTERY CELL DESIGNS CYLINDRICAL CELLS PRISMATIC CELLS POUCH CELLS 20
Slide 21: Pros & Cons of Li-ion vs Lead-Acid Batteries
PROS & CONS OF LI-ION VS LEAD-ACID BATTERIES • High energy density • Expensive • Relatively low self-discharge • Transportation problems • Low maintenance • Needs Circuit Protection › protect from over-charge & over- • Size & Weight Advantages discharge • Superior useable capacity • Safety risk • Po
Slide 22: Decreasing Cost of Li-ion Technology
DECREASING COST OF LI-ION TECHNOLOGY 22
Slide 23: Li-ion: Competitive Life Cycle Cost
COST OF LI-ION vs LEAD-ACID TECHNOLOGY INITIAL COST PER BATTERY CAPACITY TOTAL LIFE CYCLE COST Flooded Flooded EFB EFB AGM AGM Lithium-ion Lithium-ion Cost per Battery Cost Per KW LI-ION: COMPETITIVE LIFE CYCLE COST 23
Slide 24: Conclusion
CONCLUSION Pb-Acid is here to stay but…Li-ion is the technology of the future! 24
Slide 25: Thank You
THANK YOU
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