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Rectitude Holdings Ltd Announces Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2025 Full-Year Financial Results
Business
Jul 31 2025
14 min read

Rectitude Holdings Ltd Announces Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2025 Full-Year Financial Results

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SINGAPORE, July 31, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Rectitude Holdings Ltd (the “Company” or “Rectitude”), a Singapore-based provider of safety equipment and related industrial-grade hardware products, today announced its financial results for the full year ended March 31, 2025.

Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2025 Full Year Highlights (amounts in US$ unless otherwise noted):

  • Revenues for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, in Singapore Dollars, increased 5.91%.

  • Gross profit margin decreased to 33.65% of revenues, down 192 basis points.

  • Selling and marketing expenses in Singapore Dollars, increased S$1.38 million.

  • Research and development expenses in Singapore Dollars increased S$0.08 million.

  • General and administrative expenses in Singapore Dollars, increased S$0.51 million.

  • Net income was $1.66 million, or $0.12 per diluted share, for the fiscal ended March 31, 2025. In Singapore Dollars, net income was S$2.24 million, or S$0.16 per diluted share, for the fiscal ended March 31, 2025, compared to net income of S$3.36 million, or S$0.27 per diluted share, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.

  • EBITDA for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, was $3.39 million. In Singapore Dollars, EBITDA decreased to S$4.56, from S$5.88 million in the prior year period.

“Fiscal 2025 was a challenging year from an earnings perspective, but our focus on growing Rectitude’s business for the long term will provide enhanced prospects for returns on the investments we made this year in new product launches in potable power as well as new branches to enhance distribution and customer service,” said Mr. Jian Zhang, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and Executive Director at Rectitude. “Our new All-in-one Intelligent Micro-grid System (AIMS) battery storage system provides an innovative, clean energy solution for a variety of locations presenting a solution for consistent energy in remote job sites while also benefiting the environment with lower emissions. We will continue to invest in innovative solutions that provide enhanced solutions to our customers and drive enhanced value to our shareholders.”

Revenues

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, total revenues were $32.57 million. In Singapore Dollars, revenues were S$43.80 million and S$41.35 million for the respective fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The increase was primarily driven by increased customer demand for safety equipment with higher construction activity within the Company’s markets.

Cost of Revenues

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, cost of revenues was $21.61 million. In Singapore Dollars, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, cost of revenues were S$29.06 million and S$26.65 million, respectively. The increase in cost of revenue was driven by the increase of revenue during the year, as well as a mixed shift toward higher-cost products and the commercial launch of the AIMS system.

Gross profit

Gross profit for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 was $10.96 million, representing 33.65% of operating revenues. In Singapore Dollars, gross profit for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was S$14.74 million and $14.71 million, representing 33.65% and 35.57% of operating revenues, respectively. The slight increase in gross profit was mainly due to increased sales volume, while the decrease in gross profit margin was due to an unfavorable shift in product mix as well as freight costs and the commercial launch of AIMS.

Selling and marketing expenses

Selling and marketing expenses primarily included expenses related to advertising and marketing activities and costs associated with our retail branches, which included labor costs, sales commissions and operating lease expenses. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, selling and marketing expenses were $3.57 million. In Singapore Dollars, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, selling and marketing expenses were S$4.80 million and S$3.42 million respectively. This increase was primarily due to rising costs associated with expanding retail branches including an increase in the number of branch employees, which is expected to continue in the next year.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses primarily consisted of compensation cost to engineering, design and product development employees and software expenses. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, research and development expenses were approximately, $117,000. In Singapore Dollars, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, research and development expenses were approximately, S$157,000 and S$76,000 respectively. The increase was primarily due to costs associated with the development and launch of the AIMS portable power system as well as continued investment in the integration of virtual reality technology into our safety training systems.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses consisted primarily of motor vehicle running expenses, transportation, property maintenance and property tax, allowance for expected credit losses and general administrative expenses such as staff costs, depreciation, legal and professional fees and other miscellaneous administrative expenses. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, general and administrative expenses were $5.61 million. In Singapore Dollars, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, general and administrative expenses were S$7.55 million and S$7.04 million respectively. The increase was mainly due to an increase in provision for allowance for expected credit losses to third parties as well as other increased administrative expenses to support business growth.

Net Income

As a result of the factors described above, net income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 was approximately $1.66 million. In Singapore Dollars, net income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 was approximately S$2.24 million, compared to net income of S$3.36 million, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.

Earnings per Share - Basic and Diluted

Earnings per basic and diluted share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 was $0.12. In Singapore Dollars, earnings per basic and diluted share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 was S$0.16, compared to S$0.27 for the same period of 2024.

EBITDA

The Company also views earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, (EBITDA) as an important measure of the results of operations. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, EBITDA was $3.39 million. In Singapore dollars, EBITDA decreased to S$4.56 million, from S$5.88 million during the same period. The decrease in EBITDA was primarily driven by lower net income and taxes, partially offset by increases in interest, depreciation and amortization expenses.

Outlook

Contemplating the Company’s Outlook for Fiscal Year 2026, Mr. Zhang commented, “We look forward to another exceptional year of growth and strong operating performance for Rectitude. In the last 12 months, we have delivered on our clearly articulated strategy, extending beyond our core business to capture value across the safety equipment supply chain. We have successfully launched our AIMS system to support our customers’ power needs in remote construction sites, which allow them to transition to a low-carbon and environmentally sustainable methods.”

“We have the financial strength to provide a central business platform for first-generation owners of traditional businesses, who may be retiring without succession plans, to collaborate and use our business networks, resources and proprietary brands to expand their own businesses. This renders these business partners competitive in the evolving market landscape, while bringing synergy and more growth for Rectitude within our Southeast Asian markets.”

“Most importantly, we maintain our focus on the core principles that have guided our Company for more than 26 years as we drive our performance to new heights,” Mr. Zhang concluded.

About Rectitude Holdings Ltd

Founded in 1997 in Singapore, Rectitude is principally involved in the provision of safety equipment, encompassing essential items such as personal protective clothing, gloves, safety footwear, personal fall arrest systems, portable fire extinguishers and traffic products. The Company also offers auxiliary products such as industrial hardware tools and electrical hardware required for construction sites. Rectitude’s products and solutions are marketed to a wide array of distributor networks and end markets, both in Singapore and increasingly throughout the Southeast Asian region, including Brunei, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam.

For more information, please visit the Company’s website: https://ir.rectitude.com.sg

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this announcement are forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the Company's proposed Offering. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are based on the Company’s current expectations and projections about future events that the Company believes may affect its financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs, including the expectation that the Offering will be successfully completed. Investors can identify these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar expressions. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent occurring events or circumstances, or changes in its expectations, except as may be required by law. Although the Company believes that the expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot assure you that such expectations will turn out to be correct, and the Company cautions investors that actual results may differ materially from the anticipated results and encourages investors to review other factors that may affect its future results in the Company's registration statement and other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

For investor and media inquiries, please contact:

Rectitude
Investor Relations
Email: ir@rectitude.com.sg

Jackson Lin
Lambert Global
Phone: +1 (646) 717-4593
Email: jlin@lambert.com

 

RECTITUDE HOLDINGS LTD
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

 

 

As of March 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

2025

 

 

 

S$

 

 

S$

 

 

US$

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

 

3,468,594

 

 

 

6,646,788

 

 

 

4,943,688

 

Accounts receivable, net

 

 

11,508,064

 

 

 

11,547,018

 

 

 

8,588,336

 

Inventories, net

 

 

6,249,895

 

 

 

7,578,048

 

 

 

5,636,332

 

Other receivables

 

 

497,309

 

 

 

1,445,462

 

 

 

1,075,093

 

Advances to related parties

 

 

358,019

 

 

 

236,811

 

 

 

176,133

 

Deferred initial public offering (“IPO”) costs

 

 

1,560,933

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total current assets

 

 

23,642,814

 

 

 

27,454,127

 

 

 

20,419,582

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial instrument

 

 

231,293

 

 

 

236,771

 

 

 

176,103

 

Loan receivables

 

 

 

 

 

5,180,380

 

 

 

3,853,016

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

 

5,811,883

 

 

 

6,399,557

 

 

 

4,759,804

 

Right-of-use assets – operating leases

 

 

4,522,524

 

 

 

4,420,627

 

 

 

3,287,934

 

Total non-current assets

 

 

10,565,700

 

 

 

16,237,335

 

 

 

12,076,857

 

Total assets

 

 

34,208,514

 

 

 

43,691,462

 

 

 

32,496,439

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bank loans, current portion

 

 

598,848

 

 

 

400,016

 

 

 

297,520

 

Finance lease liabilities, current portion

 

 

168,192

 

 

 

199,320

 

 

 

148,248

 

Accounts payable

 

 

6,441,094

 

 

 

7,571,503

 

 

 

5,631,464

 

Operating lease liabilities, current portion

 

 

1,240,129

 

 

 

1,298,058

 

 

 

965,458

 

Other payables

 

 

3,058,781

 

 

 

2,208,350

 

 

 

1,642,507

 

Provision for income taxes

 

 

1,177,119

 

 

 

454,005

 

 

 

337,676

 

Total current liabilities

 

 

12,684,163

 

 

 

12,131,252

 

 

 

9,022,873

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bank loans, non-current portion

 

 

3,070,967

 

 

 

2,834,183

 

 

 

2,107,983

 

Finance lease liabilities, non-current portion

 

 

379,481

 

 

 

593,510

 

 

 

441,435

 

Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion

 

 

3,487,144

 

 

 

3,363,357

 

 

 

2,501,567

 

Deferred tax liabilities

 

 

1,446

 

 

 

1,446

 

 

 

1,075

 

Total non-current liabilities

 

 

6,939,038

 

 

 

6,792,496

 

 

 

5,052,060

 

Total liabilities

 

 

19,623,201

 

 

 

18,923,748

 

 

 

14,074,933

 

Commitments and contingencies

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shareholders’ equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ordinary shares, US$0.0001 par value, authorized 500,000,000 shares, issued 12,500,000 and 14,500,000 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025, respectively*

 

 

1,707

 

 

 

1,978

 

 

 

1,471

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

 

3,377,293

 

 

 

11,382,600

 

 

 

8,466,047

 

Retained earnings

 

 

11,206,313

 

 

 

13,444,178

 

 

 

9,999,389

 

Accumulated other comprehensive losses

 

 

 

 

 

(61,042

)

 

 

(45,401

)

Total shareholders’ equity

 

 

14,585,313

 

 

 

24,767,714

 

 

 

18,421,506

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

 

 

34,208,514

 

 

 

43,691,462

 

 

 

32,496,439

 

 


 

RECTITUDE HOLDINGS LTD
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

 

 

For the Years ended March 31,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

2025

 

 

 

S$

 

 

S$

 

 

S$

 

US$

 

Revenue

 

 

37,643,696

 

 

 

41,353,555

 

 

 

43,796,144

 

 

 

32,574,298

 

Cost of revenue

 

 

(25,503,026

)

 

 

(26,645,034

)

 

 

(29,057,985

)

 

 

(21,612,484

)

Gross profit

 

 

12,140,670

 

 

 

14,708,521

 

 

 

14,738,159

 

 

 

10,961,814

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Selling and marketing expenses

 

 

(2,104,824

)

 

 

(3,423,531

)

 

 

(4,798,465

)

 

 

(3,568,959

)

Research and development expenses

 

 

(83,684

)

 

 

(76,386

)

 

 

(156,947

)

 

 

(116,733

)

General and administrative expenses

 

 

(5,169,398

)

 

 

(7,044,966

)

 

 

(7,545,515

)

 

 

(5,612,135

)

Total operating expenses

 

 

(7,357,906

)

 

 

(10,544,883

)

 

 

(12,500,927

)

 

 

(9,297,827

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income from operations

 

 

4,782,764

 

 

 

4,163,638

 

 

 

2,237,232

 

 

 

1,663,987

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other income/(expense)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other income, net

 

 

156,878

 

 

 

198,440

 

 

 

421,223

 

 

 

313,293

 

Interest expense

 

 

(142,496

)

 

 

(214,462

)

 

 

(200,638

)

 

 

(149,229

)

Total other income/(expense), net

 

 

14,382

 

 

 

(16,022

)

 

 

220,585

 

 

 

164,064

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income before income tax

 

 

4,797,146

 

 

 

4,147,616

 

 

 

2,457,817

 

 

 

1,828,051

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income tax expense

 

 

(870,325

)

 

 

(792,207

)

 

 

(219,952

)

 

 

(163,594

)

Net income

 

 

3,926,821

 

 

 

3,355,409

 

 

 

2,237,865

 

 

 

1,664,457

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency translation adjustments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(61,042

)

 

 

(45,401

)

Comprehensive income

 

 

3,926,821

 

 

 

3,355,409

 

 

 

2,176,823 

 

 

 

1,619,056

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic and diluted*

 

 

12,500,000

 

 

 

12,500,000

 

 

 

14,056,164

 

 

 

14,056,164

 

Earnings per share

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic and diluted

 

 

0.31

 

 

 

0.27

 

 

 

0.16

 

 

 

0.12

 

 


 

RECTITUDE HOLDINGS LTD
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

 

 

Ordinary shares

 

 

Additional

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated
other

 

 

Total

 

 

 

Number of

 

 

 

 

 

paid-in

 

 

Retained

 

 

comprehensive

 

 

shareholders’

 

 

 

shares

 

 

Amount

 

 

capital

 

 

earnings

 

 

income

 

 

equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

S$

 

 

S$

 

 

S$

 

 

S$

 

 

S$

 

Balance as at April 1, 2022*

 

 

12,500,000

 

 

 

1,707

 

 

 

3,377,293

 

 

 

6,074,083

 

 

 

 

 

 

9,453,083

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,926,821

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,926,821

 

Dividends distribution

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2,150,000

)

 

 

 

 

 

(2,150,000

)

Balance as at March 31, 2023

 

 

12,500,000

 

 

 

1,707

 

 

 

3,377,293

 

 

 

7,850,904

 

 

 

 

 

 

11,229,904

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,355,409

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,355,409

 

Balance as at March 31, 2024

 

 

12,500,000

 

 

 

1,707

 

 

 

3,377,293

 

 

 

11,206,313

 

 

 

 

 

 

14,585,313

 

Issuance of ordinary shares

 

 

2,000,000

 

 

 

271

 

 

 

8,005,307

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8,005,578

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,237,865

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,237,865

 

Foreign currency translation adjustments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(61,042

)

 

 

(61,042

)

Balance as at March 31, 2025

 

 

14,500,000

 

 

 

1,978

 

 

 

11,382,600

 

 

 

13,444,178

 

 

 

(61,042

)

 

 

24,767,714

 

Balance as at March 31, 2025 (US$)

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,471

 

 

 

8,466,047

 

 

 

9,999,389

 

 

 

(45,401

)

 

 

18,421,506

 

 


 

RECTITUDE HOLDINGS LTD
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

 

 

Years ended March 31,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

2025

 

 

 

S$

 

 

S$

 

 

S$

 

 

US$

 

Cash flows from operating activities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

 

3,926,821

 

 

 

3,355,409

 

 

 

2,237,865

 

 

 

1,664,457

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

 

 

540,105

 

 

 

536,013

 

 

 

609,711

 

 

 

453,485

 

Amortization of right-of-use assets

 

 

667,660

 

 

 

986,420

 

 

 

1,291,797

 

 

 

960,801

 

Operating lease modifications

 

 

(53,991

)

 

 

(7,025

)

 

 

(30,798

)

 

 

(22,907

)

Property, plant and equipment write-off

 

 

3,534

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bad debts write-off

 

 

2,563

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

 

 

(386

)

 

 

(5,000

)

 

 

(957

)

 

 

(712

)

Allowance for inventories write-down

 

 

256,919

 

 

 

56,415

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Provision for allowance for expected credit losses – third parties

 

 

214,169

 

 

 

68,436

 

 

 

358,426

 

 

 

266,587

 

Fair value change in financial instrument

 

 

(1,542

)

 

 

(9,502

)

 

 

(5,478

)

 

 

(4,074

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts receivable, net

 

 

(1,745,800

)

 

 

(899,646

)

 

 

(397,380

)

 

 

(295,560

)

Other receivables

 

 

(53,357

)

 

 

35,705

 

 

 

(948,153

)

 

 

(705,209

)

Advances to related parties

 

 

32,290

 

 

 

 

 

 

121,208

 

 

 

90,151

 

Inventories

 

 

(418,177

)

 

 

(524,506

)

 

 

(1,328,153

)

 

 

(987,842

)

Accounts payable

 

 

594,653

 

 

 

(229,789

)

 

 

1,130,409

 

 

 

840,765

 

Other payables

 

 

(234,690

)

 

 

1,602,687

 

 

 

(850,431

)

 

 

(632,524

)

Finance lease liabilities – interest portion of lease payment

 

 

(41,225

)

 

 

(80,461

)

 

 

(39,858

)

 

 

(29,645

)

Operating lease liabilities

 

 

(636,239

)

 

 

(816,855

)

 

 

(1,224,960

)

 

 

(911,090

)

Income tax payable

 

 

553,929

 

 

 

131,736

 

 

 

(723,114

)

 

 

(537,829

)

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

 

3,607,236

 

 

 

4,200,037

 

 

 

200,134

 

 

 

148,854

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchases of property, plant and equipment

 

 

(13,551

)

 

 

(235,355

)

 

 

(615,809

)

 

 

(458,021

)

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment

 

 

386

 

 

 

5,000

 

 

 

1,000

 

 

 

744

 

Disbursement of loan to third parties

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(7,680,380

)

 

 

(5,712,443

)

Repayment of loan from third parties

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,500,000

 

 

 

1,859,427

 

Net cash used in investing activities

 

 

(13,165

)

 

 

(230,355

)

 

 

(5,795,189

)

 

 

(4,310,293

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from common shares issued for cash

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9,505,469

 

 

 

7,069,892

 

Advances from / (Repayment to) shareholders, net

 

 

161,127

 

 

 

(186,950

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dividends paid

 

 

(1,150,000

)

 

 

(2,000,000

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred IPO expenses

 

 

 

 

 

(543,076

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Repayments of bank loans

 

 

(1,140,400

)

 

 

(126,628

)

 

 

(566,835

)

 

 

(421,595

)

Payments for finance lease liabilities – principal portion

 

 

(173,950

)

 

 

(76,991

)

 

 

(165,385

)

 

 

(123,009

)

Net cash (used in)/ provided by financing activities

 

 

(2,303,223

)

 

 

(2,933,645

)

 

 

8,773,249

 

 

 

6,525,288

 

Net changes in cash and cash equivalents

 

 

1,290,848

 

 

 

1,036,037

 

 

 

3,178,194

 

 

 

2,363,849

 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year

 

 

1,141,709

 

 

 

2,432,557

 

 

 

3,468,594

 

 

 

2,579,839

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

 

 

2,432,557

 

 

 

3,468,594

 

 

 

6,646,788

 

 

 

4,943,688

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplement disclosures of cash flow information

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income taxes paid

 

 

(316,396

)

 

 

(660,471

)

 

 

(943,066

)

 

 

(701,425

)

Interest paid

 

 

(142,496

)

 

 

(214,462

)

 

 

(200,638

)

 

 

(149,229

)