Crown Castle Announces Agreement To Sell Fiber Segment to EQT and Zayo, Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Results, and Provides Outlook for Full Year 2025

Successfully Concludes Strategic Review with Agreement to Sell Small Cells and Fiber Solutions for $8.5 Billion

Results in Crown Castle as the Only Pure-Play, Publicly-Traded US Tower Company

Increases Capital Efficiency with Updated Capital Allocation Framework, Including Anticipated New Dividend Policy and Proposed Approximately $3.0 Billion Share Repurchase Program

HOUSTON, March 13, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Crown Castle Inc. (NYSE: CCI) ("Crown Castle" or "Company") today reported results for the full year ended December 31, 2024, as reflected in the table below.

^{(a) See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.
(b) Reflects midpoint of full year 2024 Outlook as issued on October 16, 2024.}

"Together with our Board of Directors, I am excited to announce that we have concluded the strategic review of our Fiber segment with an agreement to sell our small cells and fiber solutions businesses for $8.5 billion," stated Steven Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer of Crown Castle. "We are also pleased to report that we were able to deliver solid full year 2024 results while conducting the strategic review, highlighted by 4.5% tower organic growth^(a) as we remained focused on delivering for our customers. In 2025, we expect a consistent level of activity with organic growth^(a) of 4.5% in towers, excluding the impact of Sprint consolidation churn, and anticipate lease and amendment applications to increase year-over-year as our customers continue to add capacity to their 5G networks to meet the persistent growth in mobile data demand in the U.S. We believe a focused, pure-play U.S. tower business will be uniquely well positioned to benefit from the anticipated consistent growth in mobile data demand as we plan to continue to unlock additional value by pursuing initiatives that enhance customer service, revenue growth, capital discipline, and operational excellence. To increase free cash flow generation and financial flexibility, we are updating our capital allocation framework, which is anticipated to result in a reduction to our annualized dividend to approximately $4.25 per share in the second quarter of 2025, and the expected implementation of an approximately $3.0 billion share repurchase program following the closing of the transaction^(b).  We believe this capital allocation framework can provide an attractive combination of near-term capital return, flexible share repurchases, and long-term financial flexibility to pursue growth opportunities in the future."

^{(a) Organic revenue growth figures are shown under new definition of Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings. See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information.
(b) Dividends and the repurchase program remain subject to the approval of our Board of Directors which has the discretion to determine whether to declare dividends or authorize a repurchase program and the amounts and timing of the dividends and repurchase program.}

COMPANY CONCLUDES STRATEGIC REVIEW WITH AGREEMENT TO SELL FIBER SEGMENT
The Company announced today that management has signed a definitive agreement to sell all of its Fiber segment, together with certain supporting assets and personnel, with EQT Active Core Infrastructure fund ("EQT") acquiring the small cells business and Zayo Group Holdings Inc. ("Zayo") acquiring the fiber solutions business ("Transaction") for $8.5 billion in aggregate, subject to customary closing adjustments. The Transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2026, subject to certain closing conditions and required government and regulatory approvals. Crown Castle currently expects to use the cash proceeds from the Transaction to repay existing indebtedness and fund anticipated share repurchases, positioning the Company to maintain an investment grade credit rating while instituting a share repurchase program of approximately $3.0 billion in conjunction with the closing of the Transaction. The Company's Board of Directors will ultimately determine how to use such cash proceeds.

As previously announced in December 2023, Crown Castle’s Board of Directors established a Fiber Review Committee to conduct a strategic and operating review of the Company’s small cells and fiber solutions businesses, with the goal of enhancing shareholder value. In consultation with its financial, legal and strategic advisors, the Fiber Review Committee, the Company’s Board of Directors and Company management conducted a comprehensive review of a broad range of potential options. Based on that review and after assessing offers from financial and strategic buyers that proposed a variety of transaction structures, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the sale of its small cells business to EQT and fiber solutions business to Zayo. Crown Castle believes this transaction enhances value for the Company’s shareholders and positions the company for long-term success as a focused, pure-play U.S. tower company.

As a pure-play U.S. tower company, Crown Castle believes it will have a unique opportunity to enhance shareholder value by providing focused exposure to what we believe to be the best market for wireless infrastructure in the world, which is expected to continue to experience increasing demand for wireless data that is expected to drive tower growth for years to come. Crown Castle believes its U.S. tower portfolio has some of the best geographic characteristics in our industry and will benefit as carriers plan to continue the multi-decade trend toward greater network densification. To augment this expected industry growth, the Company believes it can maximize profitability by streamlining processes, reducing cycle times, and automating and customizing systems to deliver best-in-class service to its customers.

Along with the sale of the Fiber segment, Crown Castle is also announcing changes to its capital allocation framework. The Company currently expects to reduce its annualized dividend to approximately $4.25 per share starting in the second quarter of 2025. Following the closing of the Transaction, Crown Castle intends to set its annualized dividend at an amount approximating 75% to 80% of AFFO excluding amortization of prepaid rent. Based on the Company’s current expectations around future performance, Crown Castle believes it will be able to grow its annualized dividend in-line with the growth in AFFO excluding amortization of prepaid rent per share following the close of the Transaction. Any dividends remain subject to the approval of our Board of Directors which has the discretion to determine whether to declare dividends and the amounts and timing of the dividends.

Crown Castle currently expects to use the cash proceeds from the Transaction to repay debt and fund share repurchases, while managing its balance sheet to maintain an investment grade rating. Based on preliminary analysis, Crown Castle believes that the enhanced stability of its free cash flow profile as a pure-play U.S. tower business would allow it to maintain an investment grade credit rating with a target leverage of 6.0-6.5x. Consequently, subject to the approval of our Board of Directors, the Company intends to authorize a share repurchase program of approximately $3.0 billion (or such other amount as may be approved by our Board of Directors) in conjunction with the close of the Transaction. Crown Castle believes these changes to its dividend and leverage targets will increase the stability and predictability of Crown Castle’s cash flows while providing financial flexibility to maximize long-term returns for shareholders.

"Selling our Fiber segment represents a significant step on Crown Castle’s path towards a refined focus as a pure-play provider of multi-tenant tower assets," stated Mr. Moskowitz. "As we look ahead, with our expansive and capital efficient portfolio of approximately 40,000 towers across key locations in the U.S., which we believe is the best wireless market in the world, and greater focus on customer service and operational initiatives, we anticipate that we can generate durable and growing cash flows that will provide attractive returns to our shareholders."

ADVISORS
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Bank of America acted as financial advisors to Crown Castle on the Transaction. Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP acted as legal advisor to Crown Castle.

IMPACT ON FIBER SEGMENT ACCOUNTING TREATMENT
Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, the Fiber segment will be presented within Crown Castle’s financial statements as a discontinued operation and its net assets will be classified as held for sale, with comparable prior periods recast to reflect this change. Upon classification as held for sale, the Company expects to recognize a loss of approximately $800 million in the first quarter of 2025 and a total loss of between $700 million and $900 million for the full year 2025, inclusive of estimated transaction fees. Due to being included as a discontinued operation going forward, contributions from the Fiber segment are included in the Company’s full year 2025 Outlook for net income but excluded from site rental revenues, Adjusted EBITDA and AFFO.

HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE YEAR

• Site rental revenues. Site rental revenues decreased 2.7%, or $174 million, from full year 2023 to full year 2024, inclusive of $235 million Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, which was more than offset by reductions in non-cash amortization of prepaid rent and straight-lined revenues of $266 million and a $145 million decrease in other revenues. The $145 million decrease in other revenues includes a $165 million decrease due to the absence of Sprint Cancellation payments that occurred in 2023, partially offset by approximately $20 million of small cell early termination payments received in 2024. The $235 million in Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings includes a $9 million unfavorable impact from Sprint Cancellations.

• Goodwill impairment. Management performed its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2024. The quantitative impairment test indicated that the carrying amount of the Fiber reporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value. As such, management recorded a goodwill impairment charge of approximately $5.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024, resulting in no goodwill remaining with respect to the Fiber reporting unit.

• Net income. Net income for the full year 2024 was ($3.9) billion compared to $1.5 billion for the full year 2023, reflecting the $5.0 billion goodwill impairment charge in 2024 associated with the Company’s Fiber business. Net income for full year 2024 also includes $100 million of charges related to the restructuring plan announced in June 2024 and a $106 million asset write-down charge related to the small cell node cancellations mutually agreed upon with certain of our customers announced in October 2024.

• Adjusted EBITDA. Full year 2024 Adjusted EBITDA was $4.2 billion compared to $4.4 billion for the full year 2023. The decrease in the year was primarily a result of the lower contribution from site rental revenues, as discussed above, a $42 million decrease in services contribution, and $40 million of advisory fees primarily related to our proxy contest earlier in the year and the Fiber strategic review.

• AFFO and AFFO per share. Full year 2024 AFFO was $3.0 billion, or $6.98 per share, representing a 7% decrease, or 8% per share, from the full year 2023.

• Capital expenditures. Capital expenditures during the year were $1.2 billion, comprised of $1.1 billion of discretionary capital expenditures and $87 million of sustaining capital expenditures. Discretionary capital expenditures included approximately $1.0 billion attributable to Fiber and $100 million attributable to Towers. Full year 2024 capital expenditures represented a $202 million decrease compared to full year 2023, including a decrease of $61 million in Towers and $130 million in Fiber.

• Common stock dividend. During the year, Crown Castle paid common stock dividends of approximately $2.7 billion in the aggregate, or $6.26 per common share, unchanged on a per share basis compared to the same period a year ago.

• Financing activity. In August 2024, Crown Castle issued $1.25 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes in a combination of 5-year and 10-year maturities with a weighted average maturity and coupon of approximately 8 years and 5.1%, respectively. Net proceeds from the senior notes offering were used to repay a portion of the outstanding indebtedness under Crown Castle's commercial paper program and pay related fees and expenses.

OUTLOOK
This Outlook section contains forward-looking statements, and actual results may differ materially. Information regarding potential risks which could cause actual results to differ from the forward-looking statements herein is set forth below and in Crown Castle's filings with the SEC.

The following table sets forth Crown Castle's current full year 2025 Outlook, which does not include contributions from its Fiber segment unless indicated otherwise. Although Fiber segment results have been excluded from our key performance measurements, except net income and net income per share, full year 2025 Outlook does not assume any receipt or use of proceeds from the Transaction. Additionally, the 2025 Outlook reflects the full impact of all corporate financing costs and a significant majority of corporate selling, general and administrative costs. Collectively, these items result in lower FFO, AFFO, and AFFO per share than would be the case if those proceeds are applied as anticipated upon closing of the Transaction. Therefore, the full year 2025 Outlook for FFO, AFFO, and AFFO per share and are not representative of pro forma results for the standalone tower business following the closing of the Transaction.

^{(a) See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis, and for definition of site rental billings and discretionary capital expenditures.
(b) Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion.
(c) Includes contributions from discontinued operations.
(d) See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for the reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense."
(e) Represents results from the Fiber business, including an estimated loss on sale of $700 million to $900 million.}

"Our expectations for 2025 represent the second consecutive year of 4.5% tower organic growth, excluding the impact of Sprint cancellations, as the level of demand for our assets we experienced in 2024 persists into 2025," said Dan Schlanger, Crown Castle’s Chief Financial Officer. "We believe the anticipated durable tower top-line growth combined with the changes we plan to make to our capital allocation framework following the closing of the Transaction will increase the stability and predictability of Crown Castle’s cash flows, maximizing long-term shareholder value. These changes are also expected to increase the health and flexibility of the balance sheet, which we believe will continue to be investment grade rated, positioning Crown Castle to take advantage of the opportunities being created by the increasing demand for connectivity in the U.S."

• The chart below reconciles the components contributing to the expected 2025 decrease in site rental revenues. Full year consolidated site rental billings growth, excluding the impact of Sprint Cancellations, is expected to be 4.5%. For comparative purposes, full year 2024 results are shown excluding contributions from the Fiber segment.

• We are changing our core leasing definition to more accurately reflect changes to recurring revenue by excluding the impact from changes in other billings and other revenues (as described below). Other billings, which is included in site rental billings, captures the impact of contractual charges unrelated to recurring leasing activity, such as back-billings. Other revenues captures the impact of unusual items we believe should be reflected outside of core leasing, primarily pass-through taxes and tenant cancellation fees. Core leasing activity is expected to contribute $110 million at the midpoint of full year 2025 Outlook.

• Sprint Cancellations are expected to be $205 million for full year 2025. We believe 2025 will be the last year for Sprint Cancellations to fall outside our historical churn rates of 1% to 2% of annual site rental revenues.

• Full year 2025 straight-line site rental revenues are expected to be approximately $145 million to $175 million lower than full year 2024, reflecting the significant portion of our tower growth that is already contracted.

• Prepaid rent amortization is expected to decrease by approximately $50 million to $80 million for full year 2025, primarily driven by declining prepaid rent additions received in recent years.

• The below chart reconciles the core leasing amounts previously disclosed based upon the prior definition to the updated core leasing amounts per the new definition:

• Full year 2025 discretionary capital expenditures are expected to be $185 million, and prepaid rent additions are expected to be approximately $40 million. Full year 2025 discretionary capital expenditures from discontinued operations are expected to be $970 million, and prepaid rent additions from discontinued operations are expected to be approximately $350 million.

Additional information is available in Crown Castle's quarterly Supplemental Information Package posted in the Investors section of our website.

CONFERENCE CALL DETAILS
Crown Castle has scheduled a conference call for Wednesday, March 13, 2025, at 5:00 p.m. Eastern time to discuss its full year 2024 results. A listen only live audio webcast of the conference call, along with supplemental materials for the call, can be accessed on the Crown Castle website at https://investor.crowncastle.com. Participants may join the conference call by dialing 833-816-1115 (Toll Free) or 412-317-0694 (International) at least 30 minutes prior to the start time. All dial-in participants should ask to join the Crown Castle call.

A replay of the webcast will be available on the Investor page of Crown Castle's website until end of day, Thursday, March 13, 2026.

ABOUT CROWN CASTLE
Crown Castle owns, operates and leases more than 40,000 cell towers and approximately 90,000 route miles of fiber supporting small cells and fiber solutions across every major U.S. market. This nationwide portfolio of communications infrastructure connects cities and communities to essential data, technology and wireless service - bringing information, ideas and innovations to the people and businesses that need them. For more information on Crown Castle, please visit www.crowncastle.com.

Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information

This press release includes presentations of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO"), including per share amounts, Funds from Operations ("FFO"), including per share amounts, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, Segment Adjusted Site Rental Gross Margin, Segment Adjusted Services and Other Gross Margin, and Net Debt, which are non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as alternative measures of operating results or cash flow from operations (as determined in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP")).

Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, including other companies in the communications infrastructure sector or other real estate investment trusts ("REITs").

In addition to the non-GAAP financial measures used herein, we also provide segment operating profit (loss), which is a key measure used by management to evaluate our operating segments. This segment measure is provided pursuant to GAAP requirements related to segment reporting. In addition, we provide the components of certain GAAP measures, such as site rental revenues and capital expenditures.

Our non-GAAP financial measures are presented as additional information because management believes these measures are useful indicators of the financial performance of our business. Among other things, management believes that:

• Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by management (1) to evaluate the economic productivity of our operations and (2) for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, our operations. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations (1) from period to period and (2) to our competitors, by removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest charges from our outstanding debt) and asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) from our financial results. Management also believes Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors or other interested parties in the evaluation of the communications infrastructure sector and other REITs to measure financial performance without regard to items such as depreciation, amortization and accretion, which can vary depending upon accounting methods and the book value of assets. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is similar to the measure of current financial performance generally used in our debt covenant calculations. Adjusted EBITDA should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance.

• AFFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that AFFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate our financial performance as it includes (1) the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense on our outstanding debt and dividends on our preferred stock (in periods where applicable)) and (2) sustaining capital expenditures, and excludes the impact of our (1) asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) and (2) certain non-cash items, including straight-lined revenues and expenses related to fixed escalations and rent free periods. GAAP requires rental revenues and expenses related to leases that contain specified rental increases over the life of the lease to be recognized evenly over the life of the lease. In accordance with GAAP, if payment terms call for fixed escalations or rent free periods, the revenues or expenses are recognized on a straight-lined basis over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the contract. Management notes that Crown Castle uses AFFO only as a performance measure. AFFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations or as residual cash flow available for discretionary investment.

• FFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that FFO may be used by investors or other interested parties as a basis to compare our financial performance with that of other REITs. FFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate financial performance by excluding the impact of our asset base (primarily real estate depreciation, amortization and accretion). FFO is not a key performance indicator used by Crown Castle. FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations.

• Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (also referred to as organic growth) is useful to investors or other interested parties in understanding the components of the year-over-year changes in our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP. Management uses Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings to assess year-over-year growth rates for our rental activities, to evaluate current performance, to capture trends in rental rates, core leasing activities and tenant non-renewals in our core business, as well as to forecast future results. Separately, we are also disclosing Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations (including by line of business), which is outside of ordinary course, to provide further insight into our results of operations and underlying trends. Management believes that identifying the impact for Sprint Cancellations provides increased transparency and comparability across periods. Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations) is not meant as an alternative measure of revenue and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing the performance of our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP.

• Segment Adjusted Site Rental Gross Margin and Segment Adjusted Services and Other Gross Margin are useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. These measures are used by our management (1) to evaluate the economic productivity of our operating segments, (2) to identify underlying business trends that are impacting our performance, and (3) for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, our operating segments. We also believe it helps investors and other interested parties meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations from period to period.

• Net Debt is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our overall debt position and future debt capacity. Management uses Net Debt in assessing our leverage. Net Debt is not meant as an alternative measure of debt and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing our leverage.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus restructuring charges (credits), asset write-down charges, goodwill impairment charges, acquisition and integration costs, depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments, interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, impairment of available-for-sale securities, interest income, other (income) expense, (benefit) provision for income taxes, net (income) loss from discontinued operations, (gain) loss on sale of discontinued operations, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and stock-based compensation expense, net.

AFFO. We define AFFO as FFO before straight-lined revenues, straight-lined expenses, stock-based compensation expense, net, non-cash portion of tax provision, non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of non-cash interest expense, other (income) expense, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, impairment of available-for-sale securities, acquisition and integration costs, restructuring charges (credits), cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and adjustments for noncontrolling interests, less sustaining capital expenditures.

AFFO per share. We define AFFO per share as AFFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.

FFO. We define FFO as net income (loss) plus real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion, asset write-down charges, goodwill impairment charges, and net (income) loss from discontinued operations, less noncontrolling interest and cash paid for preferred stock dividends (in periods where applicable), and is a measure of funds from operations attributable to common stockholders.

FFO per share. We define FFO per share as FFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.

Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings. We define Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (also referred to as organic growth) as the sum of the change in site rental revenues related to core leasing activity, escalators and other billings, less non-renewals of tenant contracts and non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations. Additionally, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations reflects Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings plus non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations (including by line of business).

Segment Adjusted Site Rental Gross Margin. We define Segment Adjusted Site Rental Gross Margin as segment site rental revenues less segment site rental costs of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense, net and amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments recorded in consolidated site rental costs of operations.  This segment measure is exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion, which are shown separately. Additionally, certain costs are shared across segments and are reflected in our segment measures through allocations that management believes to be reasonable.

Segment Adjusted Services and Other Gross Margin. We define Segment Adjusted Services and Other Gross Margin as segment services and other revenues less segment services and other costs of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense, net recorded in consolidated services and other costs of operations.  This segment measure is exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion, which are shown separately. Additionally, certain costs are shared across segments and are reflected in our segment measures through allocations that management believes to be reasonable.

Net Debt. We define Net Debt as (1) debt and other long-term obligations and (2) current maturities of debt and other obligations, excluding unamortized adjustments, net; less cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents.

Other Definitions

Segment operating profit (loss). We define segment operating profit (loss) as segment site rental revenues plus segment services and other revenues, less segment site rental costs of operations, segment services and other costs of operations, and segment selling, general and administrative expenses, each of which excludes stock-based compensation, net, and prepaid lease purchase price adjustments, which are recorded in the respective consolidated figures.  This measurement of profit or loss is exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion, which are shown separately. Additionally, certain costs are shared across segments and are reflected in our segment measures through allocations that management believes to be reasonable.

Site rental billings. We define site rental billings as site rental revenues exclusive of the impacts from (1) straight-lined revenues, (2) amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP, (3) contribution from recent acquisitions until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions and (4) other revenues, such as tenant cancellation fees, pass-through taxes, finance charges and other items.

Core leasing activity. We define core leasing activity as site rental revenues growth from tenant additions across our entire portfolio and renewals or extensions of tenant contracts, exclusive of (1) the impacts from both straight-lined revenues and amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP and (2) other revenues, including payments for Sprint Cancellations, where applicable.

Other billings. We define other billings as the growth or reduction in site rental revenues as a result of non-recurring contractual billings and adjustments, expense recoveries, sales credits and other amounts not captured in core leasing activity.

Non-renewals. We define non-renewals of tenant contracts as the reduction in site rental revenues as a result of tenant churn, terminations and, in limited circumstances, reductions of existing lease rates, exclusive of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations, where applicable.

Discretionary capital expenditures. We define discretionary capital expenditures as those capital expenditures made with respect to activities which we believe exhibit sufficient potential to enhance long-term stockholder value. They primarily consist of expansion or development of communications infrastructure (including capital expenditures related to (1) enhancing communications infrastructure in order to add new tenants for the first time or support subsequent tenant equipment augmentations or (2) modifying the structure of a communications infrastructure asset to accommodate additional tenants) and construction of new communications infrastructure. Discretionary capital expenditures also include purchases of land interests (which primarily relates to land assets under towers as we seek to manage our interests in the land beneath our towers), certain technology-related investments necessary to support and scale future customer demand for our communications infrastructure, and other capital projects.

Sustaining capital expenditures. We define sustaining capital expenditures as those capital expenditures not otherwise categorized as discretionary capital expenditures, such as (1) maintenance capital expenditures on our communications infrastructure assets that enable our tenants' ongoing quiet enjoyment of the communications infrastructure and (2) ordinary corporate capital expenditures.

Sprint Cancellations. We define Sprint Cancellations as lease cancellations related to the previously disclosed T-Mobile US, Inc. and Sprint network consolidation as described in our press release dated April 19, 2023.

Reconciliation of Historical Adjusted EBITDA:

Reconciliation of Current Outlook for Adjusted EBITDA:

^{(a) Represents impairment charges for goodwill associated with the Company's Fiber reporting unit recorded in the fourth quarter of 2024.
(b) Represents restructuring charges recorded for the periods presented related to (1) the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, as further discussed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 ("2023 Restructuring Plan"), and (2) the Company's restructuring plan announced in June 2024, as further discussed in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 ("2024 Restructuring Plan"), as applicable for the respective period. For the three-month period ended December 31, 2024, there were ($1) million of adjustments related to the July 2023 Restructuring Plan and $6 million of restructuring charges related to the June 2024 Restructuring Plan. For the full year ended December 31, 2024, there were $9 million and $100 million of restructuring charges related to the July 2023 Restructuring Plan and the June 2024 Restructuring Plan, respectively.
(c) See the reconciliation of "Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.
(d) See discussion and our definition of Adjusted EBITDA in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(e) The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(f) Includes contribution from discontinued operations.
(g) See the reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.
(h) Represents results from the Fiber business, including an estimated loss on sale of $700 million to $900 million.
(i) As issued on March 13, 2025.}

Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO:

^{(a) Represents impairment charges for goodwill associated with the Company's Fiber reporting unit recorded in the fourth quarter of 2024.
(b) See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(c) The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(d) Represents restructuring charges recorded for the periods presented related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan and the 2024 Restructuring Plan, as applicable, for the respective period. For the three-month period ended December 31, 2024, there were ($1) million of adjustments related to the July 2023 Restructuring Plan and $6 million of restructuring charges related to the June 2024 Restructuring Plan. For the full year ended December 31, 2024, there were $9 million and $100 million of restructuring charges related to the July 2023 Restructuring Plan and the June 2024 Restructuring Plan, respectively.}

Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO per share:

^{(a) Represents impairment charges for goodwill associated with the Company's Fiber reporting unit recorded in the fourth quarter of 2024.
(b) See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(c) The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(d) Represents restructuring charges recorded for the periods presented related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan and the 2024 Restructuring Plan, as applicable, for the respective period. For the three-month period ended December 31, 2024, there were ($1) million of adjustments related to the July 2023 Restructuring Plan and $6 million of restructuring charges related to the June 2024 Restructuring Plan. For the full year ended December 31, 2024, there were $9 million and $100 million of restructuring charges related to the July 2023 Restructuring Plan and the June 2024 Restructuring Plan, respectively.}

Reconciliation of Current Outlook for FFO and AFFO:

^{(a) As issued on March 13, 2025.
(b) Includes contribution from discontinued operations.
(c) Represents results from the Fiber business, including an estimated loss on sale of $700 million to $900 million.
(d) See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(e) The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the period shown.}

Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues for the Quarters and Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

^{(a) See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, other billings, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b) In the fourth quarter 2023, there were $5 million and $2 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively, and in full year 2023, there were $14 million and $7 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively.
(c) Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.}

Towers Segment Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues for the Quarters and Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

^{(a) See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, other billings, and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b) Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.}

Fiber Segment Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues by Line of Business for the Quarters and Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

^{(a) See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, other billings, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b) In the fourth quarter 2023, there were $5 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells, and in full year 2023, there were $14 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells.
(c) Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.}

Fiber Segment Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues by Line of Business for the Quarters and Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

^{(a) See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, other billings, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b) In the fourth quarter 2023, there were $2 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to fiber solutions, and in full year 2023, there were $7 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to fiber solutions.
(c) Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.}

Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues for Current Outlook for Full Year 2025:

^{(a) As issued on March 13, 2025.
(b) Reflects prior year Towers segment site rental billings.  The financial impact of prior year Fiber segment site rental billings is excluded since such billings will be included in discontinued operations for 2025.
(c) See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(d) Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
(e) Calculated based on midpoint of full year 2025 Outlook, where applicable.}

Components of Capital Expenditures:^(a)

Outlook for Discretionary Capital Expenditures Less Prepaid Rent Additions:^(b)(c)

Components of Interest Expense:

Outlook for Components of Interest Expense:

^{(a) See our definitions of discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b) Excludes sustaining capital expenditures. See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures.
(c) Exclusive of discretionary capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions expected to be recorded to discontinued operations related to small cells and fiber solutions.
(d) As issued on March 13, 2025.
(e) Reflects up-front consideration from long-term tenant contracts (commonly referred to as prepaid rent) that are amortized and recognized as revenue over the associated estimated lease term in accordance with GAAP.}

Debt Balances and Maturity Dates as of December 31, 2024: