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AppFolio, Inc. Announces Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2025 Financial Results
Business
Jan 29 2026
18 min read

AppFolio, Inc. Announces Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2025 Financial Results

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Fourth quarter caps off a year of industry leading innovation and accelerated unit growth

SANTA BARBARA, Calif., Jan. 29, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- AppFolio, Inc. (NASDAQ: APPF) ("AppFolio" or the "Company"), a technology leader powering the future of the real estate industry, today announced its financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

"I am proud of our strong unit acquisition and financial performance in 2025, which validates our strategy and the momentum we have as a business," said Shane Trigg, President and CEO. "Our AI-native Performance Platform, with continued investments in agentic AI and the resident experience, is powering the future of real estate. As we enter 2026, we are driving real, measurable performance outcomes for our customers."

Financial Highlights for Fourth Quarter of 2025

  • Revenue grew 22% year-over-year to $248 million.

  • Total units under management grew 8% year-over-year to 9.4 million.

  • GAAP operating income was $44 million, or 17.6% of revenue, compared to GAAP operating income of $23 million, or 11.3% of revenue in Q4 2024.

  • Non-GAAP operating income was $62 million, or 24.9% of revenue, compared to non-GAAP operating income of $41 million, or 20.2% of revenue in Q4 2024.

  • Net cash provided by operating activities was $65 million, or 26.2% of revenue, compared to $37 million, or 18.0% of revenue in Q4 2024.

Financial Highlights for Fiscal Year 2025

  • Revenue grew 20% year-over-year to $951 million.

  • GAAP operating income was $153 million, or 16.1% of revenue, compared to GAAP operating income of $136 million, or 17.1% of revenue in 2024.

  • Non-GAAP operating income was $235 million, or 24.7% of revenue, compared to non-GAAP operating income of $200 million, or 25.2% of revenue in 2024.

  • Net cash provided by operating activities was $242 million, or 25.5% of revenue, compared to $188 million, or 23.7% of revenue in 2024.

Financial Outlook
Based on information available as of January 29, 2026, AppFolio's outlook for fiscal year 2026 follows:

  • Full year revenue is expected to be in the range of $1,100 million to $1,120 million.

  • Full year non-GAAP operating margin as a percentage of revenue is expected to be in the range of 25.5% to 27.5%.

  • Diluted weighted average shares outstanding are expected to be approximately 36 million to 37 million for the full year.

Conference Call Information
As previously announced, the Company will host a conference call today, January 29, 2026, at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time (PT), 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time (ET), to discuss the Company’s fourth quarter financial results. A live webcast of the call will be available at: https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/tm2qcytz/. To access the call by phone, please go to the following link: https://register-conf.media-server.com/register/BI13feb1c461a145ec8f63254057c3bcf6, and you will be provided with dial-in details. A replay of the webcast will also be available for a limited time on AppFolio’s Investor Relations website at https://ir.appfolioinc.com/news-events/events.

The Company also provides announcements regarding its financial results and other matters, including SEC filings, investor events, and press releases, on its Investor Relations website at https://ir.appfolioinc.com/, as a means of disclosing material nonpublic information and for complying with AppFolio's disclosure obligations under Regulation FD.

About AppFolio
AppFolio is a technology leader powering the future of the real estate industry. Our innovative platform and trusted partnership enable our customers to connect communities, increase operational efficiency, and grow their business. For more information about AppFolio, visit ir.appfolioinc.com.

Investor Relations Contact:
Lori Barker
ir@appfolio.com

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Reconciliations of current and historical non-GAAP financial measures to AppFolio’s financial results as determined in accordance with GAAP are included at the end of this press release following the accompanying financial data. For a description of these non-GAAP financial measures, including the reasons management uses each measure, please see the section of the tables entitled “Statement Regarding the Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

AppFolio is unable, at this time, to provide GAAP equivalent guidance measures on a forward-looking basis for non-GAAP operating margin because certain items that impact this measure are uncertain, out of our control, or cannot be reasonably predicted, such as charges related to stock-based compensation expense. The effect of these excluded items may be significant.

Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which statements are subject to considerable risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not statements of historical fact contained in this press release, and can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “future’” “predicts, “projects,” “target,” “seeks,” “contemplates,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions and the negatives of those expressions. In particular, forward-looking statements contained in this press release relate to future operating results and financial position, including the Company's fiscal year 2026 financial outlook, anticipated future expenses and investments, the Company's business opportunities, the impact of the Company's strategic actions and initiatives, the potential benefits and effect of the Company's AI-powered solutions, and their impact on the Company’s plans, objectives, expectations and capabilities.

Forward-looking statements represent AppFolio's current beliefs and expectations based on information currently available and speak only as of the date the statement is made. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the Company's actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. The risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the Company's actual results, performance or achievements to materially differ from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include those risks, uncertainties and other factors described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 6, 2025, as such risk factors may be updated from time to time in our subsequent filings with the SEC, and the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as in the Company's other filings with the SEC. You should read this press release with the understanding that the Company's actual future results may be materially different from the results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this press release to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this press release or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31,
2025

 

December 31,
2024

Assets

 

 

 

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

106,967

 

$

42,504

Investment securities—current

 

 

144,256

 

 

235,745

Accounts receivable, net

 

 

36,873

 

 

24,346

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

 

65,218

 

 

32,807

Total current assets

 

 

353,314

 

 

335,402

Property and equipment, net

 

 

23,228

 

 

24,483

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

 

15,924

 

 

17,472

Capitalized software development costs, net

 

 

11,324

 

 

15,429

Goodwill

 

 

96,410

 

 

96,410

Intangible assets, net

 

 

38,826

 

 

49,057

Deferred income taxes

 

 

58,823

 

 

76,910

Long-term investments

 

 

77,033

 

 

2,033

Other long-term assets

 

 

14,085

 

 

9,482

Total assets

 

$

688,967

 

$

626,678

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

Accounts payable

 

$

4,123

 

$

2,378

Accrued employee expenses

 

 

59,774

 

 

30,157

Accrued expenses

 

 

20,829

 

 

14,658

Other current liabilities

 

 

22,121

 

 

16,087

Total current liabilities

 

 

106,847

 

 

63,280

Operating lease liabilities

 

 

33,287

 

 

37,476

Other liabilities

 

 

6,254

 

 

6,632

Total liabilities

 

 

146,388

 

 

107,388

Stockholders’ equity

 

 

542,579

 

 

519,290

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

$

688,967

 

$

626,678


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

 

Three Months Ended
December 31,

 

Twelve Months Ended
December 31,

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Revenue(1)

$

248,192

 

 

$

203,664

 

 

$

950,822

 

$

794,202

 

Costs and operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)(2)

 

90,540

 

 

 

76,189

 

 

 

345,341

 

 

282,067

 

Sales and marketing(2)

 

40,159

 

 

 

33,436

 

 

 

143,904

 

 

110,597

 

Research and product development(2)

 

45,950

 

 

 

42,296

 

 

 

190,419

 

 

160,375

 

General and administrative(2)

 

22,857

 

 

 

23,449

 

 

 

95,590

 

 

85,974

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

5,110

 

 

 

5,336

 

 

 

22,651

 

 

19,545

 

Total costs and operating expenses

 

204,616

 

 

 

180,706

 

 

 

797,905

 

 

658,558

 

Income from operations

 

43,576

 

 

 

22,958

 

 

 

152,917

 

 

135,644

 

Other (loss)/income, net

 

(3

)

 

 

697

 

 

 

38

 

 

697

 

Interest income, net

 

2,048

 

 

 

3,499

 

 

 

8,157

 

 

13,981

 

Income before provision for income taxes

 

45,621

 

 

 

27,154

 

 

 

161,112

 

 

150,322

 

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

 

5,707

 

 

 

(75,580

)

 

 

20,189

 

 

(53,746

)

Net income

$

39,914

 

 

$

102,734

 

 

$

140,923

 

$

204,068

 

Net income per common share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

$

1.11

 

 

$

2.82

 

 

$

3.91

 

$

5.63

 

Diluted

$

1.10

 

 

$

2.79

 

 

$

3.88

 

$

5.55

 

Weighted average common shares outstanding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

35,946

 

 

 

36,374

 

 

 

36,013

 

 

36,252

 

Diluted

 

36,202

 

 

 

36,783

 

 

 

36,327

 

 

36,782

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1) The following table presents our revenue categories:

 

Three Months Ended
December 31,

 

Twelve Months Ended
December 31,

 

2025

 

2024

 

2025

 

2024

Core solutions

$

55,719

 

$

47,631

 

$

211,457

 

$

180,605

Value Added Services

 

184,606

 

 

153,334

 

 

721,549

 

 

605,011

Other

 

7,867

 

 

2,699

 

 

17,816

 

 

8,586

Total revenue

$

248,192

 

$

203,664

 

$

950,822

 

$

794,202

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

 

Three Months Ended
December 31,

 

Twelve Months Ended
December 31,

 

2025

 

2024

 

2025

 

2024

Costs and operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

$

1,191

 

$

1,261

 

$

5,138

 

$

4,522

Sales and marketing

 

2,996

 

 

2,746

 

 

12,332

 

 

8,030

Research and product development

 

6,504

 

 

5,789

 

 

30,687

 

 

25,414

General and administrative

 

4,636

 

 

6,228

 

 

22,633

 

 

22,361

Total stock-based compensation expense

$

15,327

 

$

16,024

 

$

70,790

 

$

60,327


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands)

 

 

Three Months Ended
December 31,

 

Twelve Months Ended
December 31,

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

Cash from operating activities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

$

39,914

 

 

$

102,734

 

 

$

140,923

 

 

$

204,068

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

5,110

 

 

 

5,336

 

 

 

22,651

 

 

 

19,543

 

Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets

 

696

 

 

 

489

 

 

 

2,221

 

 

 

2,030

 

Amortization of costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, net

 

2,928

 

 

 

2,514

 

 

 

11,115

 

 

 

9,985

 

Deferred income taxes

 

1,021

 

 

 

(76,937

)

 

 

18,139

 

 

 

(76,937

)

Stock-based compensation, including as amortized

 

15,327

 

 

 

16,024

 

 

 

70,790

 

 

 

60,328

 

Other

 

(838

)

 

 

(2,074

)

 

 

(2,119

)

 

 

(8,220

)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts receivable

 

(2,527

)

 

 

1,489

 

 

 

(12,527

)

 

 

(3,383

)

Prepaid expenses and other assets

 

(5,769

)

 

 

501

 

 

 

(21,446

)

 

 

(5,859

)

Accounts payable

 

21

 

 

 

1,850

 

 

 

1,767

 

 

 

1,559

 

Operating lease liabilities

 

(1,086

)

 

 

53

 

 

 

(4,263

)

 

 

(3,143

)

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

 

10,193

 

 

 

(15,413

)

 

 

14,854

 

 

 

(11,812

)

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

64,990

 

 

 

36,566

 

 

 

242,105

 

 

 

188,159

 

Cash from investing activities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchases of available-for-sale investments

 

(62,312

)

 

 

(51,854

)

 

 

(228,887

)

 

 

(317,173

)

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investments

 

 

 

 

9,984

 

 

 

202,662

 

 

 

9,984

 

Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale investments

 

42,350

 

 

 

76,280

 

 

 

118,970

 

 

 

240,035

 

Purchases of property and equipment

 

(1,314

)

 

 

(195

)

 

 

(3,155

)

 

 

(2,016

)

Capitalization of software development costs

 

(1,026

)

 

 

(1,058

)

 

 

(3,440

)

 

 

(5,170

)

Purchases of long-term investments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(75,000

)

 

 

 

Cash paid in business acquisition, net of cash acquired

 

 

 

 

(77,421

)

 

 

(906

)

 

 

(77,421

)

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

 

(22,302

)

 

 

(44,264

)

 

 

10,244

 

 

 

(151,761

)

Cash from financing activities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from stock option exercises

 

4

 

 

 

11

 

 

 

134

 

 

 

3,924

 

Tax withholding for net share settlement

 

(11,818

)

 

 

(12,226

)

 

 

(43,248

)

 

 

(47,327

)

Proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

951

 

 

 

 

Purchase of common stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(145,723

)

 

 

 

Net cash used in financing activities

 

(11,814

)

 

 

(12,215

)

 

 

(187,886

)

 

 

(43,403

)

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

30,874

 

 

 

(19,913

)

 

 

64,463

 

 

 

(7,005

)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning of period

 

76,343

 

 

 

62,667

 

 

 

42,754

 

 

 

49,759

 

End of period

$

107,217

 

 

$

42,754

 

 

$

107,217

 

 

$

42,754

 


RECONCILIATION FROM GAAP TO NON-GAAP RESULTS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except per share data)

 

 

 

 

Three Months Ended
December 31,

 

Twelve Months Ended
December 31,

 

 

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

Costs and operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

GAAP cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

$

90,540

 

 

$

76,189

 

 

$

345,341

 

 

$

282,067

 

 

 

Stock-based compensation expense

 

(1,191

)

 

 

(1,261

)

 

 

(5,138

)

 

 

(4,522

)

 

Non-GAAP cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

$

89,349

 

 

$

74,928

 

 

$

340,203

 

 

$

277,545

 

 

GAAP cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) as a percentage of revenue

 

36

%

 

 

37

%

 

 

36

%

 

 

36

%

 

Non-GAAP cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) as a percentage of revenue

 

36

%

 

 

37

%

 

 

36

%

 

 

35

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GAAP sales and marketing

$

40,159

 

 

$

33,436

 

 

$

143,904

 

 

$

110,597

 

 

 

Stock-based compensation expense

 

(2,996

)

 

 

(2,746

)

 

 

(12,332

)

 

 

(8,030

)

 

Non-GAAP sales and marketing

$

37,163

 

 

$

30,690

 

 

$

131,572

 

 

$

102,567

 

 

GAAP sales and marketing as a percentage of revenue

 

16

%

 

 

16

%

 

 

15

%

 

 

14

%

 

Non-GAAP sales and marketing as a percentage of revenue

 

15

%

 

 

15

%

 

 

14

%

 

 

13

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GAAP research and product development

$

45,950

 

 

$

42,296

 

 

$

190,419

 

 

$

160,375

 

 

 

Stock-based compensation expense

 

(6,504

)

 

 

(5,789

)

 

 

(30,687

)

 

 

(25,414

)

 

Non-GAAP research and product development

$

39,446

 

 

$

36,507

 

 

$

159,732

 

 

$

134,961

 

 

GAAP research and product development as a percentage of revenue

 

19

%

 

 

21

%

 

 

20

%

 

 

20

%

 

Non-GAAP research and product development as a percentage of revenue

 

16

%

 

 

18

%

 

 

17

%

 

 

17

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GAAP general and administrative

$

22,857

 

 

$

23,449

 

 

$

95,590

 

 

$

85,974

 

 

 

Stock-based compensation expense

 

(4,636

)

 

 

(6,228

)

 

 

(22,633

)

 

 

(22,361

)

 

Non-GAAP general and administrative

$

18,221

 

 

$

17,221

 

 

$

72,957

 

 

$

63,613

 

 

GAAP general and administrative as a percentage of revenue

 

9

%

 

 

12

%

 

 

10

%

 

 

11

%

 

Non-GAAP general and administrative as a percentage of revenue

 

7

%

 

 

8

%

 

 

8

%

 

 

8

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GAAP depreciation and amortization

$

5,110

 

 

$

5,336

 

 

$

22,651

 

 

$

19,545

 

 

 

Amortization of stock-based compensation capitalized in software development costs

 

(241

)

 

 

(350

)

 

 

(963

)

 

 

(1,754

)

 

 

Amortization of purchased intangibles

 

(2,558

)

 

 

(1,744

)

 

 

(10,231

)

 

 

(2,100

)

 

Non-GAAP depreciation and amortization

$

2,311

 

 

$

3,242

 

 

$

11,457

 

 

$

15,691

 

 

GAAP depreciation and amortization as a percentage of revenue

 

2

%

 

 

3

%

 

 

2

%

 

 

2

%

 

Non-GAAP depreciation and amortization as a percentage of revenue

 

1

%

 

 

2

%

 

 

1

%

 

 

2

%


 

 

 

Three Months Ended
December 31,

 

Twelve Months Ended
December 31,

 

 

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

Income from operations:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GAAP income from operations

$

43,576

 

 

$

22,958

 

 

$

152,917

 

 

$

135,644

 

 

 

Stock-based compensation expense

 

15,327

 

 

 

16,024

 

 

 

70,790

 

 

 

60,327

 

 

 

Amortization of stock-based compensation capitalized in software development costs

 

241

 

 

 

350

 

 

 

963

 

 

 

1,754

 

 

 

Amortization of purchased intangibles

 

2,558

 

 

 

1,744

 

 

 

10,231

 

 

 

2,100

 

 

Non-GAAP income from operations

$

61,702

 

 

$

41,076

 

 

$

234,901

 

 

$

199,825

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating margin:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GAAP operating margin

 

17.6

%

 

 

11.3

%

 

 

16.1

%

 

 

17.1

%

 

 

Stock-based compensation expense as a percentage of revenue

 

6.2

 

 

 

7.8

 

 

 

7.4

 

 

 

7.6

 

 

 

Amortization of stock-based compensation capitalized in software development costs as a percentage of revenue

 

0.1

 

 

 

0.2

 

 

 

0.1

 

 

 

0.2

 

 

 

Amortization of purchased intangibles as a percentage of revenue

 

1.0

 

 

 

0.9

 

 

 

1.1

 

 

 

0.3

 

 

Non-GAAP operating margin

 

24.9

%

 

 

20.2

%

 

 

24.7

%

 

 

25.2

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GAAP net income

$

39,914

 

 

$

102,734

 

 

$

140,923

 

 

$

204,068

 

 

 

Stock-based compensation expense

 

15,327

 

 

 

16,024

 

 

 

70,790

 

 

 

60,327

 

 

 

Amortization of stock-based compensation capitalized in software development costs

 

241

 

 

 

350

 

 

 

963

 

 

 

1,754

 

 

 

Amortization of purchased intangibles

 

2,558

 

 

 

1,744

 

 

 

10,231

 

 

 

2,100

 

 

 

Income tax effect of adjustments

 

(7,680

)

 

 

(86,898

)

 

 

(30,861

)

 

 

(107,372

)

 

Non-GAAP net income

$

50,360

 

 

$

33,954

 

 

$

192,046

 

 

$

160,877

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income per share, basic:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GAAP net income per share, basic

$

1.11

 

 

$

2.82

 

 

$

3.91

 

 

$

5.63

 

 

 

Non-GAAP adjustments to net income

 

0.29

 

 

 

(1.89

)

 

 

1.42

 

 

 

(1.19

)

 

Non-GAAP net income per share, basic

$

1.40

 

 

$

0.93

 

 

$

5.33

 

 

$

4.44

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income per share, diluted:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GAAP net income per share, diluted

$

1.10

 

 

$

2.79

 

 

$

3.88

 

 

$

5.55

 

 

 

Non-GAAP adjustments to net income

 

0.29

 

 

 

(1.87

)

 

 

1.41

 

 

 

(1.18

)

 

Non-GAAP net income per share, diluted

$

1.39

 

 

$

0.92

 

 

$

5.29

 

 

$

4.37

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted-average shares used in GAAP and non-GAAP per share calculation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

35,946

 

 

 

36,374

 

 

 

36,013

 

 

 

36,252

 

 

 

Diluted

 

36,202

 

 

 

36,783

 

 

 

36,327

 

 

 

36,782

 


Statement Regarding the Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

 

We use the following non-GAAP financial measures in addition to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

  • Non-GAAP presentation of income from operations, costs and operating expenses, operating margin, net income, and net income per share. These measures exclude certain non-cash or non-recurring items, including stock-based compensation expense, amortization of stock-based compensation capitalized in software development costs, amortization of purchased intangibles, and the related income tax effect of these adjustments, as applicable and described below. Non-GAAP operating margin is calculated as non-GAAP operating income from operations as a percentage of revenue.

We use each of these non-GAAP financial measures internally to assess and compare operating results across reporting periods, for internal budgeting and forecasting purposes, and to evaluate our financial performance. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures also provide useful supplemental information to investors and facilitate the analysis of our operating results and comparison of operating results across reporting periods.

In particular, we believe these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors and others in assessing our operating performance due to the following factors:

  • Stock-based compensation expense and amortization of stock-based compensation capitalized in software development costs. We utilize stock-based compensation to attract and retain employees. It is principally aimed at aligning their interests with those of our stockholders while ensuring long-term retention, rather than to address operational performance for any particular period. As a result, stock-based compensation expenses vary for reasons that are generally unrelated to financial and operational performance in any particular period.

  • Amortization of purchased intangibles. We view amortization of purchased intangible assets as items arising from pre-acquisition activities determined at the time of an acquisition. While these intangible assets are evaluated for impairment regularly, amortization of the cost of purchased intangibles is an expense that is not typically affected by operations during any particular period.

  • Income tax effects of adjustments. We utilize a fixed long-term projected tax rate in our computation of non-GAAP income tax effects to provide better consistency across interim reporting periods. In projecting this long-term non-GAAP tax rate, we utilize a financial projection that excludes the direct impact of other non-GAAP adjustments. The projected rate, which we have determined to be 21% and 25% for 2025 and 2024, respectively, considers other factors such as our current operating structure, existing tax positions in various jurisdictions, and key legislation in major jurisdictions where we operate. We periodically re-evaluate this tax rate, as necessary, for significant events, based on relevant tax law changes, and material changes in the forecasted geographic earnings mix.

Our non-GAAP financial measures may not provide information that is directly comparable to that provided by other companies in our industry, as other companies may calculate non-GAAP financial results differently. In addition, there are limitations in using non-GAAP financial measures because non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and can exclude expenses that may have a material impact on our reported financial results. As such, non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of the historical non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP measures has been provided in the tables above. We encourage investors to review the reconciliation of these historical non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.