QALA For Financial Investments : Qalaa Holdings 1Q25 Audited Financial Statements - Standalone

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QALAA FOR FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS (S.A.E.) LIMITED REVIEW REPORT AND INTERIM CONDENSED SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE THREE MONTHS PERIOD ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 QALAA FOR FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS (S.A.E.) INTERIM CONDENSED SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 Content Limited review report 1 Financial statements Interim condensed separate statement of financial position Interim condensed separate statement of profit or loss Interim condensed separate statement of comprehensive income Interim condensed separate statement of changes in equity Interim condensed separate statement of cash flows 3 4 5 6 7 Notes to the interim condensed separate financial statements Introduction Financial assets and financial liabilities Non-financial assets and liabilities Profit and loss information Related party transactions (Losses) / Profits per share Basis of preparation of the interim condensed separate financial statements Going concern New accounting standards Significant Events Subsequent Events 8 9 17 19 21 24 24 25 27 28 30 s Litllitecl review repos t On the in ter tin condensed sepot ote finonciul stoteii en ts To the Board of Directors of Qalaa for Financial Investments (S.A.E.) We have conducted a limited review for the accompanying interim condensed separate statement of financial position of Qalaa for Financial Investments (S.A.E.) (the "Company") as of 31 March 2025 and the related interim condensed separate statements of profit or loss, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the three-month period then ended. Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these interim condensed separate financial statements in accordance with the Egyptian Accounting Standard 30 "Interim financial statements", and our responsibility is to express a conclusion on these interim condensed separate financial statements based on our limited review. Scope of he lln›ited review We have conducted our limited review in accordance with the Egyptian Standard on Limited Review Engagements No. 2410 "Limited Review of Interim Financial Statements Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity". A limited review of interim financial statements consists of making inquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other limited review procedures. A limited review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with Egyptian Standards on Auditing and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion on these interim condensed separate financial statements. Basis for qualified conclusion Bank confirmations in respect of balances due to banks amounting to EGP 8.9 billion as of 31 December 2024 were not received in connection with the audit of the Company for the year then ended. In the absence of responses to our bank confirmations requests, we have not been able to satisfy ourselves by alternative review procedures regarding the completeness and accuracy of the balances due to these banks of EGP 9 billion as at 31 March 2025 and any other balances including unfunded exposures and contingent liabilities that the Company may have had with these banks as at 31 December 2024 and 31 March 2025. Accordingly, we were unable to determine whether any adjustments might have been necessary in respect of these balances or unfunded exposures and other contingent liabilities in the interim condensed separate statement of financial position as at 31 March 2025 and, consequently, to the interim condensed separate statements of profit or loss, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the period then ended. https://WWW.fiIWC . C0fft Priceivate rh o useCoopers Ezzeldee n, Diob 8 Co., Public Accou ntants One Ninety-Building A2-Fifth Settlement, Ne w Cairo 21835, PO Box 1 7O New Cairo, Ca iro, Egpt Limited review report (contiilued ) Poge a Qualified conclusion Except for the possible adjustments that might have been determined to be necessary had we been able to verify the completeness and accuracy of balances due to banks and any unfunded exposures or contingent liabilities, in light of our limited review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the accompanying interim condensed separate financial statements are not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with Egyptian Accounting Standard 30 "Interim financial statements". Ei»phasis of matter Without additional qualification to our conclusion, we draw attention to the fact described in note (8) to the interim condensed separate financial statements that the company's current liabilities exceeded its current assets by EGP 18 billion at 31 March 2025 and it had accumulated losses of EGP 18 billion as at that date. The Company also incurred a net loss amounting to EGP 435 million for the period ended 31 March 2025. These events and conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The interim condensed separate financial statements do not include the adjustments that would be necessary if the company were unable to continue as a going concern. Hisham , , . .. ', Mohamed Hamed R.A.A. 39411 F.R.A. 422 29 October 2025 Cairo Interim condensed separate statement of financial position - As of 31 March 2025 31 March 31 December Note 2025 2024 Non-current assets Fixed assets 3(b) 2,953 3,375 Investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures 3(a) 6,472,805 6,472,805 Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 2(e) 17,632 19,421 Payments under investments 2,621,959 2,621,959 Loans to subsidiaries 2(a) 260,666 254,917 Total non-current assets 9,376,015 9,372,477 Current assets Loans to subsidiaries 2(a) 10,569 - Other Receivables 147,002 153,979 Due from related parties 5(a) 8,043,746 8,295,557 Cash and bank balances 2(b) 70,441 43,913 Total current assets 8,271,758 8,493,449 Total assets 17,647,773 17,865,926 Equity Paid-up capital 9,100,000 9,100,000 Reserves 125,361 126,763 Accumulated losses (18,006,751) (17,571,886) Shareholder's balance (639,457) (639,457) Net Equity (9,420,847) (8,984,580) Non-current liabilities Deferred tax liabilities 11,157 11,494 Loans 2(c) 642,002 640,400 Total non-current liabilities 653,159 651,894 Current liabilities Provisions 314,894 314,894 Other Payables 2(d) 3,761,488 3,448,349 Due to related parties 5(b) 1,307,286 1,296,287 Loans 2(c) 21,031,793 21,139,082 Total current liabilities 26,415,461 26,198,612 Total equity and liabilities 17,647,773 17,865,926 The accompanying notes on pages 8 to 30 form an integral part of these interim condensed separate financial statements. Limited review report attached Tarek El Gammal Chief Financial Officer Hisham El Khazindar Managing Director Ahmed Mohamed Hassanien Heikal Chairman 29 October 2025 Interim condensed separate statement of profit or loss For the three months period ended 31 March 2025 Note 31 March 2025 31 March 2024 Advisory revenue 4(a) 54,745 33,510 General and administrative expenses (161,115) (97,199) Net Impairment Losses on Financial Assets 4(b) - (129,351) Impairment no longer required 23,959 - Other operating income 2,502 252 Operating loss (79,909) (192,788) Finance income 4(c) 225,580 889,606 Finance costs 4(c) (580,494) (337,512) (Loss) / Profit before income tax (434,823) 359,306 Income tax 4(d) (42) 783 Net (Loss) / profit for the period (434,865) 360,089 (Loss)/Profit per share for the period: Basic and diluted (loss) / profit per share from losses (EGP/Share) 6 (0.24) 0.20 The accompanying notes on pages 8 to 30 form an integral part of these interim condensed separate financial statements. Interim condensed separate statement of comprehensive income For the three months period ended 31 March 2025 31 March 2025 31 March 2024 Net (loss) / profit for the period (434,865) 360,089 Change in Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (1,684) 3,676 Unrealized Forex gains from financial assets at fair value (97) 9,105 Unrealized Forex losses - - Income tax relating to these items 379 (827) Total comprehensive (loss)/ income for the period (436,267) 372,043 The accompanying notes on pages 8 to 30 form an integral part of these interim condensed separate financial statements. Interim condensed separate statement of changes in equity For the three months period ended 31 March 2025 Paid up capital Reserves Accumulated losses Shareholder's contribution Total / (Net) Equity Balance at 1 January 2024 before EAS 13 9,100,000 85,957 (12,098,379) (639,457) (3,551,879) The effect of application of EAS 13 revised - - (4,446,922) - (4,446,922) Balance at 1 January 2024 after EAS 13 9,100,000 85,957 (16,545,301) (639,457) (7,998,801) Total comprehensive income for the period - 2,848 369,195 - 372,043 Balance at 31 March 2024 9,100,000 88,805 (16,176,106) (639,457) (7,626,758) Balance at 1 January 2025 9,100,000 126,763 (17,571,886) (639,457) (8,984,580) Total comprehensive loss for the period - (1,402) (434,865) - (436,267) Balance at 31 March 2025 9,100,000 125,361 (18,006,751) (639,457) (9,420,847) The accompanying notes on pages 8 to 30 form an integral part of these interim condensed separate financial statements. Interim condensed separate statement of cash flows For the three months period ended 31 March 2025 Note 31 March 2025 31 March 2024 Cash flows from operating activities (Loss)/Profit before income tax (434,823) 359,306 Adjusted to: Fixed assets depreciation 3(b) 422 645 Interest expense 4(c) 310,605 337,512 Interest income 4(c) (53,150) (148,863) Net Impairment Losses on financial Assets - 129,351 Unrealized foreign exchange gains/ (loss) 173,366 (329,908) Other Income (73) (252) Operating (loss) / profit before changes in working capital (3,653) 347,791 Changes in working capital: Other debit balances 6,269 (2,066) Due from related parties (54,745) (35,110) Other credit balances (171,482) (365,753) Due to related parties - - Net cash flows used in operating activities (223,611) (55,138) Cash flows from finance activities Due from related parties 312,514 402,050 Due to related parties 10,999 (438,534) Loan payments (101,120) - Net cash flows generated from / (used in) finance activities 222,393 (36,484) Cash flows from investing activities Payments for investments - (24,950) Proceeds from loans to subsidiaries 27,793 Net cash flows generated from/ (used in) investing activities 27,793 (24,950) Net change in cash and cash equivalents 26,575 (116,572) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period 43,913 159,431 Effect of exchange rate in cash and cash equivalents (47) (2,197) Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period 2(b) 70,441 40,662 The accompanying notes on pages 8 to 30 form an integral part of these interim condensed separate financial statements. Introduction Qalaa for Financial Investments "S.A.E." was incorporated in 2004 as an Egyptian joint stock company under Law No. 159 of 1981. It was registered in the commercial register under number 11121, Cairo on 13 April 2004. The Company's term is 25 years as of the date it is entered in the commercial register. The company's head office is in located in 31 Arkan Plaza, Sheikh Zayed City, 6th of October, Giza, Arab Republic of Egypt. The company is registered in the Egyptian Stock Exchange. The purpose of the Company is represented in providing financial and financing consultancy for different companies and preparing and providing feasibility studies in the economical, engineering, technological, marketing, financial, administrative, borrowing contracts arrangements and financing studies for projects and providing the necessary technical support in different fields except legal consultancy, in addition to working as an agent of companies and projects in contracting and negotiations in different fields and steps especially negotiations in the management contracts, participation and technical support. Managing, executing and restructuring of projects. The Extraordinary General Assembly of the Company decided on 20 October 2013 to approve the Company's conditions of work in accordance with the Capital Market Law and its Executive Regulations as a company engaged in the purpose of establishing companies and participating in increasing the capital of companies in accordance with the provisions of Article 27 of the Capital Market Law and 122 of its executive regulations. The necessary legal procedures have been initiated after completion of all necessary legal procedures to increase the company's capital until the situation is reconciled according to the new capital of the company. The company's preferred shares are owned by Citadel Capital Partners Ltd. Company, the principal shareholder of the company by 23.49%. These interim condensed separate financial statements have been authorised by the company's Board of Directors on 29 October 2025, and the Shareholders' General Assembly has the right to modify the interim condensed separate financial statements after being issued. Users of these interim condensed separate financial statements should read them together with Company's interim condensed consolidated financial statements for 31 March 2025 to obtain full information on financial position, results of operations, cash flow and changes in equity of the Company as a whole. Financial assets and financial liabilities 2(a) Loans to subsidiaries Loans to subsidiaries are represented in finance agreements to subsidiaries as follows: 31 March 2025 31 December 2024 Current National Development and Trading Company 7,116 - United foundries company 3,453 - Less: Accumulated impairment loss* - - 10,569 - Non-current National Development and Trading Company 164,973 161,531 United Foundries Company 95,693 93,386 Less: Accumulated impairment loss* - - 260,666 254,917 271,235 254,917 According to the agreement dated March 31, 2024, signed between Qalaa Holdings, National Development and Trading Company, and United Foundries Company, the outstanding debts owed by them will be converted from U.S. dollars to Egyptian pounds, effective from March 31, 2024. The parties agree that the repayment period for this debt shall not exceed fifteen years from the date of signing this agreement by both parties and the contracting parties have agreed that from the date of this contract, this debt shall be considered an interest-free loan to support the company's financial growth and business operations expansion plan (Note 5F). ** For financial assets that are credit-impaired on purchase or origination, the lifetime ECL on initial recognition are included in the estimated cash flows when calculating the effective interest rate. Thus, no loss allowance is recognised on initial recognition. However, an entity should recognise, at each reporting date in the income statement, the amount of the change in lifetime ECL as an impairment gain or loss. The loan is subsequently measured at amortised cost, Factoring in ECL with interest accrued using the effective interest rate method, considering the unwinding of the difference between the cash paid and fair value on initial recognition. *** During the period, National Development and Trading company processed a payment to Qalaa Holdings equivalent to EGP 27.8 million, The company recognized impairment no longer required based on the payment. *The movement in impairment of loans due from subsidiaries: 31 March 31 December 2025 2024 Balance at 1 January - 3,449,294 Formed during the period - 129,351 Impairment no longer required *** (23,959) (345,325) Foreign currency exchange loss differences - 1,128,137 Adjustments ** 23,959 (4,361,457) Total - - 2. Financial assets and financial liabilities (continued) 2(b) Cash and bank balances 31 March 2025 31 December 2024 Bank Current accounts - local currency 49,971 3,824 Cash on hand 107 1,565 Bank Current accounts - foreign currency 20,363 38,524 70,441 43,913 The average effective interest rate on deposits at 31 March 2025 was 16.5% (31 December 2024: 15.2%). Time deposits and current accounts with banks are placed with local banks under the supervision of Central Bank of Egypt. 2(c) Loans On 1 February 2012 the Company has signed a long-term loan contract with an amount of US $325 million with Citi Bank Company - syndication manager along with other consortium of banks (represented in Arab African International Bank S.A.E, Arab International Bank, Banque du Caire, Misr Bank S.A.E, and Piraeus Bank) and guaranteed by Overseas Private Investment Corporation for the purpose of expanding the Company's investments and refinancing the outstanding debts as at 31 December 2011 (which represented in the loan granted to the Company on 15 May 2008 with an amount of US $200 million for a period of five years from a Consortium of banks represented in Arab African International Bank, Suez Canal Bank, Misr bank , Piraeus Bank and Citi Bank London "syndication manager"). Loan was to be paid on nine instalments during the contract period begins from the third year to the end of contract on 15 May 2013. The loan balance is US $172 million (equivalent to EGP 1 billion) as at 31 December 2011 until the date of the new contract). The loan amount is divided into three classes: First class : Irrevocable amount of US $175 million bearing variable interest rate (4.25%+Libor rate) for 5 years begins from the date of the contract and payable on five equal annual instalments. Second class : Irrevocable amount of US $125 million bearing variable interest rate (3.9%+Libor rate on the date of withdrawal) for 10 years begins from the date of the contract and payable on nine equal annual instalments with one-year grace period. Third class : Irrevocable amount of US $25 million bearing variable interest rate (3.9%+Libor rate on the date of withdrawal) and the Company has the right to use it within nine years begins from the date of the contract and payable on nine equal annual instalments begins from the date of withdrawal with one year grace period. During the year 2024, Qalaa entered into a group of agreements with the participant's banks to settle the above debt as follows: 2. Financial assets and financial liabilities (continued) 2(c) Loans(continued) Purchased loan QHRI and Citadel Capital Partners Companies: The Company's ordinary general assembly decided on 30 May 2024 to approve the offer submitted by Qalaa Holding Restructuring Ltd "QHRI" (a company that was established in accordance with the laws of the British Virgin Islands) by the owners of Citadel Capital Partners Ltd. (the "main shareholder" of Qalaa) to purchase the external debt owed by Qalaa to certain banks and Financial institutions participating in the syndicated loan agreement dated 1 February 2012 ("the Syndicated loan") signed between Qalaa Holdings and a group of local and international banks and institutions. This purchase was at an amount equivalent to 20% of the remaining principal balance of the lenders' share who accepted the purchase offer in the Syndicated loans payable in USD in an international bank account selected by the accepting lenders. The opportunity to participate in the debt purchase was offered to all Qalaa shareholders via the funding of QHRI against a debt note issued by the latter. The Purchased Senior Debt was concluded effective 30 June 2024 and the participating Qalaa shareholders will henceforth be the beneficial holders of the Purchased Senior Debt. The debt will then be extinguished by Qalaa in the form of a capital increase providing the participating shareholders repayment in the form of shares in Qalaa or cash or a combination thereof. Such agreement serves to reduce Qalaa's debt levels and financing costs. As of 30 June 2024, an amount of USD 240,752,323 equivalent to EGP 12 billion has been reclassified from bank loans to loan from Qalaa Holding Restructuring Ltd and an amount of USD 60,852,032 was reclassified to Citadel Capital Partners on 30 October 2024. Arab International Bank: Qalaa Holdings and its subsidiaries and related companies entered a debt restructuring agreement with Arab International Bank effective in the third quarter of the year 2024. Under this agreement, loans were restructured and will be repaid in instalments totalling USD 184 million starting from 2024 till 2033. A variable interest rate with a SOFR base will be applied semi-annually. Once the payment schedule is completed under the new terms, USD 44 million along with any accrued interest and excess interest, will be waived by the bank. On 4 September 2024, Qalaa Holdings announced the completion of the debt settlement agreement. According to the agreement, a wholly owned subsidiary took over Qalaa Holdings in its debt and will settle its outstanding loan of USD 44 million, on its behalf. Consequently, the loan amount has been transferred to the subsidiary. The agreement also stipulates that Qalaa Holdings guarantee to cover any shortfall in the repayment instalments. Therefore, the company recorded a financial guarantee at fair value through the profit and loss statements for the subsidiary amounting to USD 34 million, It will be subject to periodic review during the preparation of subsequent financial statements, with the necessary adjustments made accordingly Note (4c). Egyptian Banks: Qalaa Holdings has entered into a debt settlement agreement with Banque Misr, Banque du Caire, Arab African International Bank, and Al Ahli Bank of Kuwait ("the Egyptian Banks"), The terms of this debt settlement resulted in the settlement of the loan against the sale of certain assets contingent on meeting the terms of the agreement. The agreement came into effect in the third quarter of the year 2024 after the condition precedent had been met. As of 31 March 2025, the company did not comply with some of the conditions specified in the agreement. Accordingly, all the loan balance related to the Egyptian banks have been presented as current liabilities. 2. Financial assets and financial liabilities (continued) 2(c) Loans(continued) Settlement and waivers 31 March 2025 Total debt before the settlement agreement 8,747,222 Other interest expense 499,400 Foreign currency exchange difference 4,674 Settlement through transfer of shares in Taqa Arabia (A) (3,347,689) Settlement through land plot in Tibeen area (B) (600,000) Compensation for exchange rate and stock price variations (C) (641,046) Debt expected waiver in case of compliance with whole contract terms (D) 4,662,561 The settlement includes the following: Shares in TAQA Arabia: In September 2024, Qalaa transferred 239,120,667 shares (17.68%) in TAQA Arabia to the Egyptian banks, and the balance of the loan was not reduced by the value of the shares due to the following reasons: Qalaa has the right to repurchase these shares (call option) during the fifth year after the transfer. The banks retain the right to resell the shares to Qalaa (Put option) during the sixth year. Qalaa did not account for the call or the put option as the shares are considered under the control of Qalaa as illustrated in point 3 below. The agreement imposes restrictions on the local banks on selling the transferred shares for five years till the call option period elapses. Qalaa will maintain voting rights for the transferred shares in TAQA Arabia S.A.E. until the end of the call option period. As per the agreement, Qalaa transferred the 239,120,667 shares in Taqa Arabia at an agreed price. At the end of the put option period and by the time the shares are settled against the loans, Qalaa is liable to compensate the banks with any differences below the agreed price plus a specific return and the actual share prices at the date of settlement. Land Plot in Tibeen Area: Qalaa transferred a registered 60,127 sq.m. land plot overlooking the Nile in the Tibeen area in September 2024 owned by a wholly owned subsidiary, valued at EGP 600 million, contingent on obtaining a construction license within six months after meeting the conditions precedent. Until the license is obtained, the bank considers the selling price of the land to be EGP 233.5 million. The company did not record the partial settlement of the loan from selling the Tibeen land as the group has the right to replace the land with another asset within 6 months after the condition precedent is met. Compensations for Exchange Rate and Stock Price Variations: These include an amount of EGP 598 million which will be paid over five years in equal instalments till 31 December 2028 and an amount of EGP 296 million as exchange rate compensation payable during the year 2024 and 2025. As of 31 March 2025, the company has paid EGP 247.1 million out of EGP 296 million, the remaining amount has been paid subsequent to the period. 2. Financial assets and financial liabilities (continued) 2(c) Loans(continued) Debt expected waiver in case of compliance with whole contract terms: Qalaa is entitled to an expected waiver of EGP 4.6 billion and any accrued interest conditioned to compliance with the whole agreement terms and conditions. Until all conditions of the agreement are fulfilled, the bank will calculate interest on the total amount at the previous interest rate in a separate account. The remaining debt and calculated interest will be released once all terms of the agreement are fully met. Given these circumstances, the debt to the Egyptian banks has not been derecognized, as the conditions of the agreement have not yet been completely satisfied. The total loans balance as of 31 March 2025 as follows: Current 31 March 2025 31 December 2024 Citadel Capital partners* 3,041,263 3,093,644 Egyptian banks 8,999,473 8,899,523 QHRI Balance 8,991,057 9,145,915 Balance 21,031,793 21,139,082 *On 30 October 2024, an assignment of rights agreement was concluded between QHRI Company and Citadel Capital Partners Company (the main shareholder) for an amount of USD 60,852,032. This amount represents Citadel Capital Partners Company's share of the debt owed by Qalaa Holdings Company to QHRI Company, which QHRI had acquired from the relevant banks and financial institutions. This is part of the procedures to increase the issued capital of Qalaa Holdings Company enabling Citadel Capital Partners Company to subscribe to its share (whether in preferred or common shares) using the credit balance. It is stipulated that this assignment shall be non-transferable and may not be disposed of, pledged, traded, or endorsed until payment is made. Citadel capital partners subscribed in the first phase of the debt purchase subscription with its full share (23.487%) amounting to USD 6,623,334. Furthermore, Citadel capital partners subscribed in the second phase of the debt purchase agreement with an amount of EGP 25,256,730 (equivalent to USD 504,905) bringing the total amount contributed by CCP to USD 7,128,239 which constitutes 25.277%. Accordingly, the main shareholder's assignment was completed with an amount of USD 60,852,032 out of the total USD 240,752,323. In case of the increase of Qalaa Holdings Company's issued capital was not completed, Qalaa Holdings Company shall be obligated to pay USD 7,128,239 to Citadel Capital Partners Company, in addition to paying USD 21,576,666 to QHRI Company to enable it to refund the value of the debt bonds to the beneficiaries. Furthermore, QHRI Company and Citadel Capital Partners Company shall agree to waive the remaining debt owed by Qalaa Holdings Company refer to note (11). 2. Financial assets and financial liabilities (continued) 2(c) Loans(continued) Non-Current 31 March 2025 31 December 2024 Sunrise service Egypt (LLC) * 642,002 640,400 Balance 642,002 640,400 On 22 May 2024, Qalaa Holdings and one of its fully owned subsidiaries signed an agreement with Olayan to restructure an existing USD 12 million loan by which Qalaa transferred a building to partially settle an existing loan owed by the subsidiary. Olayan assigned its right in the USD 12 million loan to one of his related parties. Qalaa Holdings will pay a monthly interest rate for three years in the form of lease payments. Qalaa Holdings has a call option to repurchase the building within three years for USD 12 million plus a fixed annual interest rate. Management assessed that this transaction does not qualify as a sale and is recognized as a collateralized borrowing, as the company retains control over the transferred asset. 2(d) Other Payables 31 March 2025 31 December 2024 Other financial liability** 1,795,349 1,534,547 Tax authority 251,632 231,527 Accrued expenses 676,778 670,104 Former shareholder credit balances* 517,249 495,416 Trade and notes payable 516,267 513,474 Dividends payable 2,894 2,894 Social insurance authority 1,319 387 Total other payables balances 3,761,488 3,448,349 Trade payables are unsecured and are usually paid within 60 days of recognition. The carrying amounts of other payables balances are the same as their fair values due to their short-term nature. *Former Shareholder credit balance represents amounts due to shareholders that resulted from prior acquisitions as well as financing certain subsidiaries. Management doesn't have unconditional rights to defer the settlement and expects these balances to be repaid within twelve months from the date of the condensed separate financial statements. **Other financial liabilities' balance represents the financial guarantee at fair value recorded by Qalaa Holding against both the Arab International Bank loan settlement and Olayan settlement Financial assets and financial liabilities (continued) 2(e) Maturities of financial liabilities Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due, due to shortage of funding. Company's exposure to liquidity risk results primarily from the lack of offset between assets of maturities of assets and liabilities. The management makes cash flow projections on periodic basis, which are discussed during the Board of directors meeting and takes the necessary actions to negotiate with suppliers, follow-up the collection process from related parties to ensure sufficient cash is maintained to discharge the Company's liabilities. The Company's management monitors liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet operational needs while maintaining sufficient cash cover to meet the cash outflows to settle the obligations of loans and borrowings to be able to maintain financial terms, guarantees and covenants at all times. The Company limits liquidity risk by maintaining sufficient facilities and reserves, and by monitoring cash forecast and actual cash flows and matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. The table below summarises the maturities of the Company's undiscounted financial liabilities at 31 March 2025 and 31 December 2024, based on contractual payment dates and current market interest rates. Below 1 year 31 March 2025 Loans 21,031,793 Other credit balances 3,761,488 Due to related parties 1,307,286 Total 26,100,567 31 December 2024 Loans 21,139,082 Other credit balances 3,448,349 Due to related parties 1,296,287 Total 25,883,718 Fair value estimation Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to settle a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or pay the liability takes place either: In the principal market for the asset or liability, or In the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or the liability. The Company should be able to have access to the principal market or the most advantageous market. In the absence of principal market, the Company does not need to conduct a thorough search of all possible markets to determine the principal or the most advantageous market. However, the Company takes into consideration all information reasonably available. Financial assets and financial liabilities (continued) 2(e) Maturities of financial liabilities (continued) The table below shows the financial assets and liabilities at fair value in the separate financial statements at 31 March 2025 within the hierarchy of fair value, based on the input levels that are considered to be significant to the fair value measurement as a whole: Level 1: Inputs of quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, which the Company can have access to at the date of measurement. Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3: Unobservable inputs of the asset or the liability. Recurring fair value measurements At 31 March 2025 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial assets Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income Equity securities - 17,632 - 17,632 Total financial assets - 17,632 - 17,632 The table below shows the financial assets at fair value in the interim condensed separate financial statements at 31 December 2024 within the hierarchy of fair value. Recurring fair value measurements At 31 December 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial assets Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income Equity securities - 19,421 - 19,421 Total financial assets - 19,421 - 19,421 The Company determines the level, in the case of transfers between levels within the hierarchy of fair value through the revaluation of the classification (based on the lowest input levels that are significant to the fair value measurement as a whole). The Company did not make any transfers between levels 1 and 2 during the period. 3. Non-financial assets and liabilities 3(a) Investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures Country Equity Equity of Interest Interest 31 March 31 December Company Name operation 2025 2024 2025 2024 Investment in subsidiaries : Citadel Capital for International Investments Ltd. Egypt 100% 100% 3,809,016 3,809,016 Citadel Capital Holding for Financial Consultancy- Free Zone Egypt 99.99% 99.99% 1,350,002 1,350,002 National Development and Trading Company *** Egypt 47.65% 47.65% 1,214,769 1,214,769 ASEC Company for Mining (ASCOM) Egypt 59.46% 59.46% 337,622 337,622 United Foundries Company *** Egypt 29.29% 29.29% 391,392 391,392 ASEC Cement Company ** Egypt 1.86% 1.86% 41,913 41,913 ASEC Trading Company Egypt 99.85% 99.85% 49,999 49,999 International Company for Mining Consultation Egypt 99.99% 99.99% 62 62 Total Investment in subsidiaries 7,194,775 7,194,775 Accumulated impairment loss **** (771,870) (771,870) Net Investment in subsidiaries 6,422,905 6,422,905 Investment in Joint Ventures : Wathba for Petroleum services* Egypt 49.90% 49.90% 49,900 49,900 Total Investment in Joint Ventures 49,900 49,900 Total Investment in Subsidiaries and joint ventures 6,472,805 6,472,805 * On 4 September 2022, a new Company was established under the name of "Wathba for Petroleum Services". The Company's total issued capital is EGP 100 million where Qalaa's share is 49.9% with a total of EGP 49.9 million, as of December 2024, Qalaa has paid its portion of the issued and paid-up capital amounting to EGP 49.9 million. Additionally, Qalaa has paid amount of EGP 12.5 million as payment under capital increase during the year ended December 2024. The management have assessed the Company as a joint venture due to the following facts: Qalaa has 49.9% of the ownership interest of "Wathba for Petroleum Services". Qalaa has 4 out of 8 of the board members of "Wathba for Petroleum Services" with a joint management control and equal voting rights. **Qalaa's direct investment in ASEC Cement represents 1.8%, the indirect ownership percentage is 49.38%, and therefore the effective ratio is 51.18.%. ***As disclosed in notes (2A) and (5F) given the transaction carried out between entities under the common control of QH, with QH acting in its capacity as the parent. As such the resulting difference between the carrying amount of the old loan (net of previously recognised expected credit losses) and the present value of the new loan, it does not reflect a commercial gain or loss but rather a capital contribution by the parent, In accordance with the substance-over-form principle, this difference has been recognised as an increase in the parents investment in the subsidiary. Non-financial assets and liabilities (continued) 3(a) Investments in subsidiaries and joint ventures (continued) During the period National Development & Trading company processed a payment to Qalaa holding equivalent to EGP 27.8 million The loan is subsequently measured at amortized cost, with interest accrued using the effective interest rate method, considering the unwinding of the difference between the cash paid and fair value on initial recognition. ***Accumulated impairment loss on investments in subsidiaries comprised of the following: 31 March 2025 31 December 2024 National Development and Trading Company 668,171 668,171 United Foundries Company 103,699 103,699 771,870 771,870 3( b ) Fixed assets Furniture, fixture & office Buildings Computers equipment Vehicles Software Total 31 December 2024 Cost 33,742 8,862 23,037 540 24,856 91,037 Accumulated depreciation (30,368) (8,862) (23,037) (540) (24,855) (87,662) Net carrying value 3,374 - - - 1 3,375 Period ended 31 March 2025 Net book value at the beginning of the period 3,374 - - - 1 3,375 Depreciation expense (422) - - - - (422) Net book value 2,952 - - - 1 2,953 31 March 2025 Cost 33,742 8,862 23,037 540 24,856 91,037 Accumulated depreciation (30,790) (8,862) (23,037) (540) (24,855) (88,084) Net carrying value 2,952 - - - 1 2,953 Profit and loss information 4(a) Advisory Revenue Advisory fee represents advisory services rendered to the subsidiaries and other related parties by virtue of shareholders agreements: 31 March 31 March 2025 2024 Falcon Agriculture Investments Ltd 32,084 19,566 Citadel Capital Transportation Opportunities II Ltd 13,911 8,483 Silverstone Capital Investment Ltd - - ASEC for Cement 8,750 5,461 54,745 33,510 4(b) Significant items 31 March 31 March 2025 2024 Expenses Impairment in loans to subsidiaries - 129,351 Salaries, wages and other employees' benefits 123,534 77,470 4(c) Finance costs - net 31 March 31 March 2025 2024 Credit interest** 53,314 152,940 Net foreign current translation profit 172,266 736,666 Total finance income 225,580 889,606 Interest expenses (65,140) (337,512) Other interest expense* (245,465) - Re-valuation of financial guarantee*** (269,889) - Total Finance costs (580,494) (337,512) Net (354,914) 552,094 *Other interest expenses represent the interest calculated on the total debt amount of the Egyptian banks loan at the previous Interest rate under the original loan agreement. Refer to note 2(c) **The credit interest represents the accrued interest income according to the signed contracts with related parties as follows: 31 March 2025 31 March 2024 National Development and Trading Company* 14,392 129,351 Citadel Capital Holding for Financial Investments-Free Zone 32,998 19,429 United Foundries Company* 5,760 83 Other 164 4,077 53,314 152,940 Profit and loss information (Continued) 4(c) Finance costs - net * Refer to disclosure loans to subsidiaries (Note 2a) *** This item includes unrealised loss resulting from the present value calculation of the loan from the Arab International Bank, in accordance with Egyptian accounting standards. It will be subject to periodic review during the preparation of subsequent financial statements, with the necessary adjustments made accordingly, refer to the Arab International Bank under the loan disclosure (2c) 4(d) Income tax Income tax expense is recognised based on management's estimate of the weighted average effective annual income tax rate expected for the full financial year. There is no material change in the effective tax rate for the period as compared to prior period Related party transactions The Company entered several transactions with companies and entities that are included within the definition of related parties, as stated in EAS 15, "Disclosure of related parties". The related parties comprise the Company's top management of the company, their entities, companies under common control. The management decides the terms and conditions of the transactions and services provided beyond the related parties and any other expenses fairly and depending on contracts and agreements the following are the nature and values of the transactions with the related parties during the period also the accrued balances at the date of condensed separate financial position 5 (a) Due from related parties Nature and volume of transaction Nature of Advisory Company name relationship fee Finance Forex 31 March 2025 31 December 2024 Mena Home furnishings Mall Subsidiary - - (1,340) 266,501 267,841 Falcon Agriculture Investments Ltd. Subsidiary 32,084 - (8,179) 1,648,600 1,624,695 Golden Crescent Investments Ltd. Subsidiary (971) 192,992 193,963 Citadel Capital Transportation Subsidiary Opportunities Ltd. - - 2,985 18,375 15,390 Logria Holding Ltd. Investee - - (1,400) 278,412 279,812 Mena Glass Ltd. Investee - - (874) 173,808 174,682 Sabina for Integrated Solutions Subsidiary - - (280) 55,643 55,923 Citadel Capital Financing Corp. Subsidiary - - (1,670) 332,072 333,742 Citadel Capital Transportation Subsidiary Opportunities II Ltd. 13,911 - (4,086) 778,763 768,938 Citadel Capital Holding for Financial Subsidiary Investments-Free Zone - (54,254) (35,826) 6,533,369 6,623,449 ASEC Company for Mining (ASCOM) Subsidiary - - 14 16,509 16,495 United Foundries Company Subsidiary - 4,030 67 501,630 497,533 Citadel Capital for International Subsidiary Investments Ltd. - (157,490) (68,174) 1,794,429 2,020,093 Africa Railways Limited Subsidiary - - (460) 91,321 91,781 Mena Joint Investment Fund Subsidiary management S.A - - (596) 118,478 119,074 Citadel Capital Joint Investment and Subsidiary Management limited Fund - - (137) 27,171 27,308 Africa JIF Holdco I fund Subsidiary - - (180) 35,929 36,109 Crondall Holdings Ltd. Subsidiary - - (449) 89,376 89,825 International Company for Mining Subsidiary Consultation - - - 140 140 Grandview Investment Corp Subsidiary - 1,301 (273) 55,474 54,446 ASEC Cement company Subsidiary 8,750 (16) (336) 39,532 31,134 Total 13,048,524 13,322,373 Accumulated impairment loss * (5,004,778) (5,026,816) Net 8,043,746 8,295,557 5. Related party transactions (continued) 5 (a) Due from related parties (continued) *The accumulated impairment loss of due from related parties is as follows: Balance as at Foreign Balance as at 1 January Write exchange 31 March 2025 Formed off differences 2025 Logria Holding Ltd. 279,812 - - (1,400) 278,412 Citadel Capital Financing Corp. 333,742 - - (1,670) 332,072 Golden Crescent Investments Ltd. 193,963 - - (971) 192,992 Sabina for Integrated Solutions 55,923 - - (280) 55,643 Citadel Capital Transportation Opportunities Ltd. 15,390 - - 2,985 18,375 Mena Glass Ltd. 174,682 - - (874) 173,808 Africa Railways Limited 91,781 - - (460) 91,321 Crondall Holdings Ltd. 89,825 - - (449) 89,376 Citadel Capital Holding for Financial Investments-Free Zone 2,603,894 - - (2,191) 2,601,703 Citadel Capital for International Investments Ltd. 919,963 - - (15,388) 904,575 Mena Home furnishings Mall 267,841 - - (1,340) 266,501 Balance 5,026,816 - - (22,038) 5,004,778 5(b) Due to related parties Nature and volume of transaction Nature of Advisory relationship fee Finance Forex 31 March 31 December 2025 2024 Asec Trading Company Subsidiary - (1,973) (30) 293,378 295,381 Citadel Capital for Subsidiary International Investments Ltd. - - (2,620) 520,992 523,612 Ahmed Heikal Chairman (2) 942 944 FHI* Shareholder 18,053 (2,429) 491,974 476,350 Total 1,307,286 1,296,287 *On March 31, 2024, Qalaa Holdings executed a settlement agreement with Financial Holdings International Ltd (FHI) that resolves most of Qalaa Holdings and its subsidiaries' obligations to FHI and transfers FHI's ownership in some of Qalaa Holdings' subsidiaries. It is worth noting that FHI has interests in several of Qalaa Holdings' subsidiaries and is also a creditor to Qalaa Holdings and some of its subsidiaries. Under the agreement, FHI will transfer its shares in several of Qalaa Holdings' subsidiaries to Qalaa Holdings, including: The National Company for Development and Trade (which owns the ASEC Group operating in the cement sector and related industries) and United Foundries Company. Related party transactions (continued) 5(b) Due to related parties (continued) This transfer will result in Qalaa Holdings' direct and indirect ownership in these two companies reaching approximately 100%. Additionally, FHI will transfer its stake in Citadel Capital Transportation Opportunities Ltd (CCTO), which owns the National Ports Company. FHI will also settle most of Qalaa Holdings' and its subsidiaries' previous obligations and return all related guarantees. FHI will assign to Qalaa Holdings' subsidiaries its rights to collect debts from: -The National Company for Development and Trade, with a balance of $192 million as of December 31, 2023. -United Foundries Company, with a balance of $8 million as of December 31, 2023. In exchange, approximately $13.2 million will be paid to FHI, with $4.2 million already paid and the remaining $9 million was supposed to be settled by September 30, 2024 but it has not been settled yet. Under this agreement, Qalaa Holdings will also transfer its indirect ownership (27.21%) in the National Printing Company to FHI, with Qalaa Holdings retaining the right to repurchase this stake within two years if desired. 5(c) Key Management Compensation Key management personnel received total benefits during the period with an amount of EGP34.4M million in 31 March 2025 represented in salaries and other benefits (31 March 2024: EGP 28.3 million) 5 (d)Terms and conditions Transactions relating to Advisory fees during the period based on the Contracts in force and terms that would be available to third parties. All other transactions were made on normal commercial terms and conditions and at market rates. The loans to related parties are repayable between 1 to 15 years from the reporting date. The average interest rate on the loans to related parties during the period was 11.5% (31 December 2024 - 11.5%). Outstanding balances are secured and are repayable in cash. 5(e) Impairment of loans to related parties and due from related parties Impairment of loans to related parties and due from related parties is estimated by monitoring ageing of balances. The Company's management examines the credit position and ability of related parties to make payments for their past due debts. Impairment is recognised for amounts due from related parties whose credit position, as believed by the management, does not allow them to pay their dues. The amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and the present value of future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate of the financial asset, and the carrying amount is reduced directly to the related parties balance by making a provision for impairment of related parties' balance. 5(F) Loans to related parties The change in the terms of the loan is accounted for as an extinguishment of the original loan and the recognition of a new loan at fair value. As a result of the non-market interest rate (nil) inherent in the loan, there will be a difference between the cash paid and fair value on initial recognition. This difference should be accounted for in accordance with the substance of transaction. However, the loan receivable should be classified at amortized cost, following a modification that results in derecognition of the original financial asset. The financial asset would be recognized as originated credit-impaired financial asset. (Losses)/Profits per share Basic (Losses) / profits per share is calculated by dividing the (Losses) / profits attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period after excluding ordinary shares held in treasury. 31 March 2025 31 March 2024 Net (loss) / profit for the period (434,865) 360,089 Weighted average number of shares including preferred shares with the same distribution rights as ordinary shares 1,820,000 1,820,000 (losses)/ Earnings per share (EGP) (0.24) 0.20 Diluted (losses)/ profit per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. The Company does not have any categories of dilutive potential ordinary shares on 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024, hence the diluted (Losses)/ profits per share is the same as the basic (Losses)/ profits per share. Basis of preparation of the interim condensed separate financial statements Compliance with EAS The interim condensed separate financial statements for the financial period ended 31 March 2025 have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Egyptian Accounting Standard (30) "Interim Financial Statements". These interim condensed separate financial statements don't contain all the information required in preparing the full annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company's annual separate financial statements as of 31 December 2024. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these interim condensed separate financial statements are consistent with those of the previous financial year and corresponding interim reporting period. except for the estimation of income tax (see note 4(d)) and the adoption of new and amended standards as set out below. Going concern The Company has made a net loss of approximately EGP 435 million for the period ended 31 March 2025 (31 March 2024: EGP 360 million gain). This has further contributed to the accumulation of losses which stood at approximately EGP 18 billion as of 31 March 2025 (31 December 2024: EGP 17.5 billion). As at 31 March 2025, the Company's operations were primarily financed by borrowings and bank facilities to the amount of EGP 21.7 billion of which EGP 642 million are classified as non-current. The Company had EGP 70 million of cash and cash equivalents. Key disclosures relevant to the Company's As of 31 March 2025, the Company's current liabilities exceeded its current assets by EGP 18 billion (31 December 2024: EGP 17.7 billion). These conditions indicate the presence of material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to meet its financial obligations as they fall due and, consequently, its ability to continue as a going concern. Qalaa Holdings' management actively pursued measures to address the Company's high leverage as a result The company's ordinary general assembly decided on 30 May 2024 to approve the offer submitted by Qalaa Holding Restructuring Ltd "QHRI" (a company that was established in accordance with the laws of the British Virgin Islands) by the owners of Citadel Capital Partners Ltd. (the "main shareholder" of Qalaa) to purchase the external debt owed by Qalaa to certain banks and Financial institutions participating in the syndicated loan agreement dated 1 February 2012 ("the Syndicated loan") signed between Qalaa Holdings and a group of local and international banks and institutions. This purchase will be at an amount equivalent to 20% of the remaining principal balance of the lenders' share who accepted the purchase offer in the Syndicated loans payable in USD in an international bank account selected by the accepting lenders. The opportunity to participate in the debt purchase was offered to all Qalaa shareholders via the funding of QHRI against a debt note issued by the latter. The Purchased Senior Debt was concluded effective 30 June 2024 and the participating Qalaa shareholders will henceforth be the beneficial holders of the Purchased Senior Debt. The debt will then be extinguished by Qalaa in the form of a capital increase providing the participating shareholders repayment in the form of shares in Qalaa or cash or a combination thereof. Such agreement serves to reduce Qalaa's debt levels and financing costs significantly thereby strengthening the Company's working capital position. The key factors which could lead to the Company not being a going concern are considered to be: If the Company fails to make profits from operations and does not generate sufficient cash flows from the operations. As a result, the Company would not be able to provide services to its customers, pay employees and suppliers. If the Company is unable to remedy any breaches of financial covenants financial nor able to renegotiate or restructure any defaulted positions. Assessment of cash flow forecasts produced by management The assessment of the going concern basis for the preparation of the financial statements of the Company relies heavily on the ability to forecast future cash flows over the going concern assessment period and to successfully restructure the defaulted debt and remedy any breaches. Although the Company has a robust budgeting and forecasting process, there is an inherent uncertainty in the assumptions used in this process. The management team has developed a robust and comprehensive five-year cash flow forecast for the next 5 years, which is subject to ongoing review and refinement to ensure it reflects the latest business developments and market conditions. These forecasts play a critical role in the company's financial oversight, serving as a foundational input in the regular assessment of non-current assets for potential impairment. The assumptions and methodologies underpinning these evaluations are carefully documented and aligned with industry best practices. Notably, no impairment losses were recognized on non-current assets during the reporting period. Going concern (continued) Key areas in determining the Company are a going concern The key considerations in respect in respect of assessing going concern and in reaching the conclusion are set out below: Operational Activity The company show continues operational and EBITDA growth year on year. Management continues to maintain a more relaxed cash flow impact from operating expenses either through deferring payments or cost cutting policies. Liquidity Position The Company has experienced significant liquidity issues and to address the liquidity issues, management has undertaken the following actions. Loans from financial institutions, with a balance of EGP 21.7 billion outstanding as at 31 March 2025 represented as follows: A balance of EGP 12 billion due to Qalaa Holding Restructuring Ltd "QHRI" (a company that was established in accordance with the laws of the British Virgin Islands) and Citadel Capital Partners Ltd (Note 2C). A balance of EGP 9 billion due to Egyptian banks, Refer to Note 2(C) An amount of EGP 642million due to Sunrise Service Egypt, Refer to Note 2(C) Other initiatives Management continues to maintain a more relaxed cash flow impact from operating expenses either through deferring payments or cost cutting policies. Based on the above operational and liquidity factors as well as the other initiatives, the company management is of the view that the company expects to continue to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business and be able to continue to operate as a going concern. Therefore, the separate financial statements of the company for the period ended 31 March 2025 have been prepared on a going concern basis. New Accounting Standards On March 3, 2024, the prime minister has issued decree No. 636, amending the Egyptian Accounting Standard No.13 (EAS 13) "the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates", paragraph 57A, effective from 1 January 2024. The company has applied the amendment in paragraph EAS13.57A and made an assessment to determine whether there is lack of exchangeability of foreign currencies against the Egyptian Pound. Below is summary of the outcome of that assessment. Lack of Exchangeability assessment The company assessed that there is no lack of exchangeability for assets denominated in foreign currencies as at 1 January 2024, the date of application of EAS 13 revised. This assessment was made on the premise that assets denominated in foreign currencies may be exchanged at the bank at any point of time without any difficulty. The company also assessed that there is no lack of exchangeability for liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, to the extent that foreign currency assets may be used to settle these liabilities. However, liabilities denominated in foreign currencies in excess of own assets denominated in foreign currencies, as at 1 January 2024, will not be sourced within the banking system, in a reasonable period of time. Therefore, it was assessed that lack of exchangeability exists for these balances, amounting to US$ 195 million, EURO 25 million and GBP 243 k. To make an estimate of a reasonable exchange rate to use because of the lack of exchangeability of the Egyptian Pound against the US Dollar, the company determined that the first rate that was available to the Group (US$1=EGP49.5003) to source foreign currency subsequent to the application date of the revised standard will best represent a spot rate to use to translate the foreign currency liabilities that face lack of exchangeability at 1 January 2024. Currency Position Below is summary of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency as at 1 January 2024: Balance as of Balance as of Balance as of 31 December 2023 31 December 2023 31 December 2023 USD EUR GBP Assets Cash and cash equivalents 239 1.6 - Account receivables 181 - - Due from related parties 265,727 - 9.3 Total 266,147 1.6 9.3 Liabilities Loans (431,843) - - Due to related parties (29,877) (495) (252) Trade payables - (24,318) - Total (461,720) (24,813) (252) New Accounting Standards (continued) Monetary effect of applying EAS 13 Revised The following table represent the book value of non-exchangeable monetary liabilities affected on 1 January 2024, and their effects on opening retained earnings: 30 September 2023 Balance in Difference of using the Foreign foreign estimated exchange Description currency currency rate profit / (loss) Restated EGP EGP USD (195,573) (3,951,038) (3,951,038) Non-exchangeable liabilities EUR (24,811) (490,130) (490,130) GBP (243) (5,754) (5,754) Net (4,446,922) (4,446,922) Significant events The Monetary Policy Committee of the Central Bank of Egypt decided to maintain the CBE's overnight deposit rate, overnight lending rate, and the rate of the main operation at 27.25 percent, 28.25 percent, and 27.75 percent, respectively. The Committee also decided to maintain the discount rate at 27.75 percent on 20 February 2025. The conflict in Gaza, which erupted on 7 October 2023, had a significant impact on the Egyptian economy as well as consumer trends. The Group assessed the key impacts of the conflict on the economy, which included a level of disruptions in the supply chain due to the conflict's impact on navigational routes in the Red Sea. This led to a general increase in shipping prices because of the increase in insurance and shipping costs. The Group was mildly affected by supply chain disruptions during the year ended 2023, as there was a low reliance on the shipment coming through the Red Sea. The Group has taken steps to ensure the Group is not affected in the short term, but due to the uncertainty and liquidity of the situation, the total impact in the medium and long term is undetermined. On 31 March 2024, Qalaa announced the closing of an agreement with Financial Holdings International Ltd (FHI), a shareholder in several affiliates of Qalaa, and a creditor to Qalaa and some of its affiliates. The share purchase and debt assignment agreement settled most of the liabilities owed by Qalaa and certain of its affiliates to FHI and transferred the shareholding of FHI in several Qalaa affiliates to Qalaa. Pursuant to the agreement, FHI transferred its shares in some of Qalaa's affiliates to Qalaa including its shares in National Development and Trade Company SAE (NDT, the holding of the ASEC group of companies operating in the cement and related industries sector), and United Company for Foundries SAE, bringing Qalaa's ownership in these two companies to approximately 100%; as well as FHI's shares in Citadel Capital Transportations Opportunities Ltd (CCTO), Qalaa's logistics arm. FHI also discharged most of Qalaa Group's liabilities and obligations and returned all associated collaterals and guarantees. Moreover, it assigned to subsidiaries of Qalaa the debts of:

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