Slide 1: Optimizing Mobile Power Delivery
Intel Developer Optimizing Forum Fall 2001 Mobile Power Delivery Don J Nguyen Mobile Power Architect Technology Research Lab Intel Corporation August 29, 2001 Intel Page 1 Copyright © 2001 Intel Corporation. Labs
Slide 2: Agenda
Intel Developer Agenda Forum Fall 2001 Overview Mobile Power System Review Optimizing Power Conversion Efficiency ¾Detailed View of Power Loss ¾VR Design w/ System Power Indicator Optimizing Battery Loading Characteristic Display Power Reduction Summary and Call to Action Intel Page 2 Co
Slide 3: Advancing The Mobile PC Platform
Advancing The Mobile PC Intel Developer Forum Platform Fall 2001 Key attributes: ¾ Great performance ¾ Smaller and lighter weight ¾ Batteries charge lasts all day ¾ Ubiquitous wireless connectivity Enables new usage models and new form factors ¾ Anywhere, anytime mobile computing ¾ Tablet PC Int
Slide 4: Mobile PC Platform Challenges
Intel Developer Mobile PC Platform Challenges Forum Fall 2001 Rest of Platform Platform power 13% CPU reduction is the greatest Cooling Fan 7% Chipset challenge 4% 13% Idle power is about 85% Power Supply of average power Loss 7% CPU and chipset are well power managed HDD/DVD 9% when idle Ma
Slide 5: Platform Power Reduction
Intel Developer Platform Power Reduction Forum Fall 2001 Goal: 30% reduction in typical mobile PC platform power through optimizations of: ¾Hardware subsystems ¾Software (OS and drivers) ¾Firmware Research results to be incorporated into future mobile reference platform and provided to all OEMs,
Slide 6: Mobile Power System Review
Intel Optimizing Mobile Power Delivery Developer Forum Mobile Power System Review Fall 2001 DC/AC CCFL AC/DC Backlight Adapter Inverter 3.3V Display Panel Linear VR VDC DISPLAY Battery Power Charger Selector 3.3V SDRAM SMC- Cardbus Titan KBC Clock Highest Average Power Consumer 5.0V HDD Modem DVD US
Slide 7: Input Power Selector Loss
Intel Optimizing Power Conversion Efficiency Developer Forum Input Power Selector Loss Fall 2001 185mV Voltage > 1W o Extra Drop can cause AC/DC Thermal Burden early system shutdown Charger QDSCHRG1 QDSCHRG2 RSENSE QCHRG 10m: 10m: 10m: 50W PMAX System Battery 8.1V Min Comparator 9V Ref Critical Batt
Slide 8: 3V-Always Linear Regulator
Intel Optimizing Power Conversion Efficiency Developer 3V-Always Linear Regulator Forum Fall 2001 High- High-Efficiency Switches high- high- switching efficiency 3.3V regulator to power V3- V3- Always rail Input Power VDC Selector CPU 3V-Always 3.3V 5.0V BL etc... 3.3V Linear VR Regulator 3.3V 5.0V
Slide 9: Voltage Regulator Power Loss
Optimizing Power Conversion Efficiency Intel Developer Voltage Regulator Power Loss Forum Fall 2001 78% Efficiency 90% => 9W => HOT 10 80% 9 VDC 8 70% (11.1V) VR VCORE 7 60% QSW Cntr (1.3V) Power Loss, W Mosfet RS Efficiency, % 6 50% Driver L CPU QSYN C Single- Single-Phase Topology 5 40% results in
Slide 10: Intel Mobile Voltage Positioning - II
Intel Optimizing Power Conversion Efficiency Developer Forum Intel Mobile Voltage Positioning - II Fall 2001 Multi-Phase VR Phase-Control Logic Driver VR Controller w/ 90% CPU Dual-Phase IMVP-II Driver Efficiency (%) Single-Phase 80% Higher Efficiency •Reduced Switching Loss •Lower Ripple Current •B
Slide 11: System Status Improves VR Design
Intel Optimizing Power Conversion Efficiency Developer System Status Improves VR Design Forum Fall 2001 VDC QSW V5 5V VR L QSYN Cardbus Audio etc FDD HDD DVD etc Turned OFF in S3 5.0V Output Load Current Profile 0.5-3A Predictable Step Load Current Profile < 500mA using SLP_S3# Full-ON S3 Full-ON (S
Slide 12: System Status Improves VR Design
Intel Optimizing Power Conversion Efficiency Developer Forum System Status Improves VR Design Fall 2001 Continuous Mode 100% • Lower Efficiency @ Light Load Discontinuous Continuous Efficiency (%) Discontinuous Mode 90% No-Sync FET • Lower Efficiency @ Heavy Load VR w/ SLP_S3# • Increased DC Output
Slide 13: Optimizing Battery Loading
Intel Optimizing Mobile Power Delivery Developer Forum Optimizing Battery Loading Fall 2001 DC/AC CCFL AC/DC Backlight Adapter Inverter 3.3V Display Panel Linear VR VDC DISPLAY Battery Power Charger Selector 3.3V SDRAM SMC- Cardbus Titan KBC Clock 5.0V HDD Modem DVD USB Fan 2.5V Graphic AGP GMCH-M I
Slide 14: Battery Transient Analysis
Intel Optimizing Battery Loading Developer Forum Battery Transient Analysis Fall 2001 But … How BIG is an IDEAL capacitor Battery Voltage ??? 10A Transient Smart CPU Battery CPU VRM Pack Low-Battery Low-Batt Detection VREF Ideal Ideal capacitor capacitor isolates isolates system system transient tra
Slide 15: Battery Transient Analysis
Intel Optimizing Battery Loading Developer Forum Battery Transient Analysis Fall 2001 So … How BIG is an IDEAL capacitor ??? Pocket protector Intel Page 15 Copyright © 2001 Intel Corporation. Labs
Slide 16: SuperCap (Transient Suppressor)
Intel Optimizing Battery Loading Developer Forum SuperCap (Transient Suppressor) Fall 2001 cap-XX SuperCap • C = 7 Farads CPU • ESR = 5 m: Transient with SuperCap w/o SuperCap SuperCap SuperCap Reduces Reduces Battery Battery Transient Transient by by 7x 7x Intel Labs Page 16 Copyright © 2001 Intel
Slide 17: SuperCap (DVD App)
Intel Optimizing Battery Loading Developer Forum SuperCap (DVD App) Fall 2001 with SuperCap w/o SuperCap POM 9x Ripple Reduction Battery Voltage Battery Current (1A per DIV) BOM 7x Ripple Reduction Intel Page 17 Copyright © 2001 Intel Corporation. Labs
Slide 18: SuperCap (Win-Idle App)
Optimizing Battery Loading Intel Developer SuperCap (Win-Idle App) Forum Fall 2001 with SuperCap w/o SuperCap POM 11x Ripple Reduction BOM 7x Ripple Reduction Intel Use UseSuperCap SuperCapto toutilize utilizeBattery Battery Page 18 Discharge Discharge completely completely Copyright © 2001 Intel Co
Slide 19: Display Power Reduction
Intel Optimizing Mobile Power Delivery Developer Forum Display Power Reduction Fall 2001 Recommended “Digital” or “Low-Frequency” Dimming Control to extend dimming range (Spring ’01 IDF) Proposal for Common Dimming Control Interface between Inverter & Graphic Controller DC/AC CCFL AC/DC Backligh
Slide 20: Dimming Control Interface
Intel Display Power Reduction Developer Forum Dimming Control Interface Fall 2001 CCFL DC/AC Dimming Dimming Keyboard Inverter Control Adjust Graphic DISPLAY Controller PANEL Key Parameters Supported by OEMs & Suppliers Low Cost Memory (ability to retain last setting) High Resolution Capabil
Slide 21: Dimming Control Interface Graphic Controller
Intel Display Power Reduction Developer Forum Dimming Control Interface Fall 2001 PWM CCFL Graphic DC/AC Controller Inverter DISPLAY PANEL Key Specifications 3.3V CMOS signal level Adjustable Frequency 10-10kHz “Standardized” “Standardized” Backlight Backlight Control Control Interface Optimizes
Slide 22: Summary
Intel Developer Summary Forum Fall 2001 Mobile power system greatly impacts battery life Premature System Shutdown inhibits full battery utilization Low VR efficiency at heavy load carries heavy thermal burden Lack of Backlight Dimming Control “standards” hinders optimal power management for
Slide 23: Call to Action
Intel Developer Call to Action Forum Fall 2001 Use IMVP-II for CPU to increase efficiency at heavy load condition Use System Status to increase system VR efficiency at light load condition Switch linearly regulated rails to high- efficiency regulator when possible Use SuperCap to reduce batt