QinetiQ Group plc · LSE:QQ.
QinetiQ — Technical Presentation (December 1999)
38 slides from QinetiQ's technical presentation, Dec 15, 1999
Slide 1: Energetic Particle Shielding and Interaction Tools
Energetic Particle Shielding and Interaction Tools P Truscott & F Lei (DERA UK) C Ferguson & R Gurriaran1 (University of Southampton, UK) J Apostolakis, A Forti2, S Giani, MG Pia, (CERN Switzerland) L Urban (KFKI Hungary) M Maire (LAPP, France) P Nieminen, (ESA Space Environments and Effects Analysi
Slide 2: Content
Content n Applications and requirements for radiation transport modelling n Geant4: Overview and physics modelled n Space-specific modules – CAD Front End Tool – Low-energy EM physics – Radioactive decay – Sector Shielding Analysis Tool – General Source Particle Module n Future Developments n Analys
Slide 3: Applications for Radiation Transport Modelling
Applications for Radiation Transport Modelling n Predict radiation effects in microelectronics – Ionising particle dose – Displacement damage – Microdosimetry n Assess background levels in detectors n Develop hardening strategies / optimise shielding n Optimise detector/sensor designs n Data interpr
Slide 4: Requirements for Radiation Transport Modelling
Requirements for Radiation Transport Modelling n Wide range of particle species to be modelled: secondaries as well as primaries (p, n, d, t, 3He, 4He, e±, γ , π±, π0 etc.) n Energy range: – protons, mesons and ions: 100’s GeV to ~100 keV – neutrons: 100’s GeV to eV – electron-photon: 1 GeV to ~100e
Slide 5: Model Requirements as a Function of Effect
Model Requirements as a Function of Effect Radiation Particle source Treatment of Output requirements effect other particles TID Trapped / solar protons n (high shielding) Energy deposition; Trapped electrons X-rays Particle fluence spectra (with GCR secondaries stopping powers) (high shielding) Dis
Slide 6: “Traditional” Overview of Physical Processes
“Traditional”Overview of Physical Processes Contract Final Presentation, ESTEC, Noordwijk 15 December 1999
Slide 7: Previous Applications of MC Radiation Transport
Previous Applications of MC Radiation Transport Title: Creator: gnuplot Preview: This EPS picture was not saved with a preview included in it. Comment: Integral Mass Model used to study This EPS picture will print to a PostScript printer, but not to radiation-induced background in other types of pri
Slide 8: Geant4 Overview
Geant4 Overview n ~100 collaborators from 40 institutes Worldwide n Geant4.0 released Dec 98, Geant4.1.0 released 8th Dec 99 n Monte Carlo simulation for nuclei, hadrons and leptons n Originally intended for simulating hadronic showers: detector design & data interpretation, but other interested com
Slide 9: Geometry Visualisation
Geometry Visualisation Atlas XMM mirror, baffle and grating Contract Final Presentation, ESTEC, Noordwijk 15 December 1999
Slide 10: Geant4 Overview (cont.)
Geant4 Overview (cont.) n Comprehensive range of physical processes already implemented as well as planned n “Fast simulation” mode - response of a volume may be parameterised based on empirical or simulation data n Facilities for event biasing n Particle tracking in 3D n Geometry can be constructed
Slide 11: Geant4 Geometry Editor (GGE)
Geant4 Geometry Editor (GGE) Contract Final Presentation, ESTEC, Noordwijk 15 December 1999
Slide 12: Particles Simulated
Particles Simulated – Requirement: γ, e±, p, n, π±, π0, d, t, 3He, α, and other nuclei – Currently Geant4 models the following particles: – Nucleus and atomic excitation state modelled Contract Final Presentation, ESTEC, Noordwijk 15 December 1999
Slide 13: Physics Modelled
Physics Modelled n Data driven model for high-energy hadrons, equivalent to GHEISHA in Geant3 n Theory driven hadron-interaction & de-excitation models: Hadron-nucleon / hadron-nuclear models Parton string >5 GeV Quantum molecular dynamics -1GeV Kinetic (incl. cascade) 40 MeV - 10 GeV Precompound 2
Slide 14: Physics Modelled
Physics Modelled n Neutron transport < 20MeV based on assimilation of ENDF, JENDL, CENDL, EFF, FENDL, Brond, JEF and others n Isotope production libraries (up to 100 MeV for neutrons) n Electromagnetic interactions for leptons, hadrons and photons – Compton, Rayleigh, photo-electric, pair-production
Slide 15: In Summary
… ..In Summary n Geant4 offers a comprehensive environment to specify a geometry, perform particle tracking, and model a wide range of physical interaction processes n The toolkit also includes GUI environments and visualisation tools n OO ⇒ Relatively straightforward to inherit and extend the desig
Slide 16: Space Specific GEANT4 Modules
Space Specific GEANT4 Modules ESA/GEANT4 Project GEANT4 Kernal Interface Tools General Tools New Physics New Functions CAD Front-End Tool Sector Shielding Analysis Tool Low-Energy EM General Source Particle Module Radioactive Decay n CAD Front-End Tool: specification of geometry and materials n Low-
Slide 17: Geant4 STEP Interface
Geant4 STEP Interface n Standard for Exchange of Product Data (ISO 10303) n Geant4 STEP interface based on a free tool from NIST n Instantiate geometry in STEP file as G4LogicalVolumes n Currently accesses only geometry information, does not access the “management”information, i.e. the class 1 data
Slide 18: Evaluation of CAD Tools
Evaluation of CAD Tools CAD Product: Suitability for G4 based application: n ProEngineer (Parametric) yes n Euclid (Matra Datavision) yes (with translator) n Catia (IBM Dassault) yes n MicroStation (Bentley) translator released ? n AutoCAD (AutoDesk) yes (R14.01 +) n I-deas (SDRC) yes It is not poss
Slide 19: CAD Front-End Tool
CAD Front-End Tool n Objective & application: – To permit specification of materials data file to augment geometry STEP description – Use with commercial CAD tools for simple geometry description n Functionality: STEP file MGA file: – Extension of Geant4 Geometry Editor Materials definition Colours
Slide 20: Materials & CAD Geometry Association
Materials & CAD Geometry Association Database of pre-defined space materials and pre- defined colours. Creation of internal databases (materials and colours) MGA is a Java tool based User defined volume names largely on GGE: the G4 Materials definitions Geometry Editor. Visualisation definitions CAD
Slide 21: Low-Energy EM Physics
Low-Energy EM Physics n Objective & application: – To extend EM physics to 250 eV to lepton-photon transport and ~10 eV to hadrons/ions – Induced X-ray fluorescence studies for background and mineralogy studies n Functionality: – Use Lawrence Livermore EEDL, EPDL and EADL cross-section libraries for
Slide 22: Radioactive Decay Module
Radioactive Decay Module n Objective: to allow simulation by GEANT4 of: – Nuclear radioactive decay, i.e. α, β-, β+, electron capture (EC), and isomeric transition (IT) or “long-lived”meta-stable states, the latter through the existing photo-evaporation code; – Neutron decay (β- emission). n Applica
Slide 23: Radioactive Decay Module
Radioactive Decay Module n All nuclear/neutron decay products to be submitted back to the tracking process, including – daughter nucleus (tracking interactions and radioactive decay through multiple generations) – γ-rays from prompt de-excitation – ν & anti-ν – details of the atomic excitation state
Slide 24: Why Variance Reduction?
Why Variance Reduction? n Times of decay sampled often may not correspond to times of observation - inefficient simulation n Bias sampling and modify the weights of the decay products Unbiassed and Biassed Probability of Decay 0.6 Unbiassed probability Probability of decay per unit time Biased proba
Slide 25: RDM-sampled and Predicted Beta Spectrum
RDM-sampled and Predicted Beta Spectrum 140 Geant4 120 Formula 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Contract Final Presentation, ESTEC, Noordwijk 15 December 1999
Slide 26: Sector Shielding Analysis Tool
Sector Shielding Analysis Tool n Objective & application: – To determine the physical distribution of shielding around a user-defined point in the geometry – First-order assessment of shielding as a function of position n Functionality: – Uses “geantino” – Histogram of fraction of solid angle with s
Slide 27: Sector Shielding Analysis Tool
Sector Shielding Analysis Tool Contract Final Presentation, ESTEC, Noordwijk 15 December 1999
Slide 28: SSAT Analysis of XMM Baffle
SSAT Analysis of XMM Baffle ↑ θ x z φ→ y Contract Final Presentation, ESTEC, Noordwijk 15 December 1999
Slide 29: General Source Particle Module
General Source Particle Module n Objective and application: – To permit definition of an arbitrary source distribution without coding – By default Geant4 only allows unidirectional, monoenergetic sources – Definition of general source particle distributions n Functionality: – Spatial : point, area s
Slide 30: Future Developments
Future Developments n Event Scoring and Data Output – To permit selection of standard scoring parameters without coding – Generally applicable to spacecraft studies n Post-processor data visualisation utilities – Using Iris Explorer, AVS or Root n Spacecraft Radiation Shielding and Effects Toolkit (
Slide 31: Application of Geant4 to Assess Low-Energy Proton Effects on XMM CCDs
Application of Geant4 to Assess Low-Energy Proton Effects on XMM CCDs n Study led by ESA, involving DERA, CERN, University of Columbia n Objective to determine the flux of low-energy protons incident on the XMM EPIC and RGS CCDs - source of displacement damage n Shallow-angle scattering of 100 keV t
Slide 32: X-ray Fluorescence Study
X-ray Fluorescence Study Solar X-ray n Objective to compare the relative CR or solar proton contribution to emitted discrete X-rays from basalt as a result of + +- irradiation by: - e- – Solar X-rays + e+ π0 – Solar flare protons (PIXE) – Cosmic-ray induced electromagnetic cascade n Applicable to mi
Slide 33: X-ray Fluorescence Study
X-ray Fluorescence Study n ITS (tigerp) simulations performed for X-ray spectra normally incident upon basalt – M-flare – C-flare – B-flare – X-ray spectrum for quiet solar conditions n Electron transport between 1-10 keV initially followed, but results for photon-transport alone typically agree wit
Slide 34: X-ray Flux Induced by Solar X-rays
X-ray Flux Induced by Solar X-rays Reflected X-ray Flux (absolute normalisation applied) 1.E+09 M-flare 1.E+08 C-flare B-flare 1.E+07 Quiet solar conditions 1.E+06 X-ray flux [photons-MeV-1cm -2s -1] 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007
Slide 35: Solar Induced Discrete K-line Emission (including PIXE)
Solar Induced Discrete K-line Emission (including PIXE) Kα line intensities Kβ line intensities Surface X-ray flux [cm -2s-1] Surface X-ray flux [cm -2s-1] 1.00E+04 1.00E+03 1.00E+03 1.00E+02 1.00E+02 1.00E+01 1.00E+01 1.00E+00 1.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 M-flare M-flare C-
Slide 36: Contributions from Cosmic-Ray Induced X-rays
Contributions from Cosmic-Ray Induced X-rays n Due to the need to execute IRTS using p-codes version of ITS3, statistics on the cosmic-ray results are poor n They do however indicate that proton X-ray flux levels are approximately 1-5 orders of magnitude below X-rays from quiet solar X-rays … . Exce
Slide 37: Conclusions
Conclusions n Geant4 is a new-generation toolkit for Monte Carlo particle simulation n Unlike other codes Geant4 has been developed to provide particle simulation in a single tool, but also allows easy extension of physics modelled … . if required n Intended primarily for the high-energy physics com
Slide 38: Documentation on DERA/GEANT4 Web-Site
Documentation on DERA/GEANT4 Web-Site http://www.space.dera.gov.uk/space_env/geant_mn.html Contract Final Presentation, ESTEC, Noordwijk 15 December 1999
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