Slide 1: New Insights from Michigan State University Transition Cow Research
10/18/22 New Insights from Michigan State University Transition Cow Research Barry Bradford and Turner Swartz Michigan State University 1 How do we get the next 5 pounds of milk? 1. Refine feeding strategies to better meet metabolic needs and equip the mammary gland with the necessary nutrients for
Slide 2: Long-term consequences of transition problems
10/18/22 Long-term consequences of transition problems Whole-lactation production losses (lb) 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Mastitis Metritis Ketosis Seegers 2003; Deluyker 1991; Wittrock 2011; Ospina 2010; Seifi 2011 3 How do we get the next 5 pounds of milk? 1. Refine feeding strategies to better me
Slide 3: Long-term consequences of transition problems
10/18/22 Long-term consequences of transition problems Whole-lactation production losses (lb) 1200 1000 800 600 400 Risk of leaving herd 3X 1.5 X 3.5 X 200 0 Mastitis Metritis Ketosis Seegers 2003; Deluyker 1991; Wittrock 2011; Ospina 2010; Seifi 2011 5 Productivity & profitability increase until la
Slide 4: How to go about improving health and longevity?
10/18/22 How to go about improving health and longevity? Bradford et al., 2016 7 Choline in lactating cows Artegoitia et a., 2014 8 4
Slide 5: Choline Metabolism; The Cholinergic System and Immune Response
10/18/22 Choline Metabolism Artegoitia et a., 2014 9 The Cholinergic System and Immune Response Acetylcholine Receptors mAchR = Muscarinic nAchR = Nicotinic Di Bari et al., 2016 Chavan and Tracey, 2017 10 5
Slide 6: What impacts does choline have on bovine immune cells
10/18/22 What impacts does choline have on bovine immune cells apart from in vivo complexities? 11 Approach • Blood samples from early lactation (n = 9) and Jugular Bleeding (n = 18 lactating cows) mid-lactation (n = 9) cows • Isolated PMN (mostly neutrophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes • Incubated
Slide 7: Choline in vitro effects
10/18/22 Choline in vitro effects • Monocytes: tended to reduce TNFα release, significant reduction in TLR4, NFKB1 mRNA • Neutrophils: significant reduction of TNFα release, oxidative burst 13 Choline enhances lymphocyte response in vitro • Stimulated cell replication was linearly increased with inc
Slide 8: Choline promoted downstream pathways
10/18/22 Choline promoted downstream pathways 15 Does choline improve cow and calf immuno-metabolic status? • Multiparous cows randomly assigned to receive one of three treatments: dietary supplementation of rumen-protected choline (RPC) at either 45 (CHOL45; 20.4 g/d choline), 30 (CHOL30; 13.6 g/d
Slide 9: Dietary choline supplementation increased colostrum yield
10/18/22 Dietary choline (CHOL) supplementation increased colostrum yield • CHOL45 and CHOL30 produced greater colostrum protein yields than CON. • CHOL30 produced greater colostrum fat yields relative to the CON. • IgG content as assessed by Brix refractometry was not affected by treatment. Swartz
Slide 10: Dietary choline supplementation increased milk yield
10/18/22 Dietary choline (CHOL) supplementation increased milk yield CHOL45 vs. CON, P = 0.08 CHOL45 vs. CON, P = 0.03 CHOL30 vs. CON, P = 0.19 60 CHOL30 vs. CON, P < 0.01 Milk yield (kg/d) 40 Trmt P < 0.01 Trmt P = 0.08 Time P < 0.0001 LPS P < 0.0001 Trmt*Time P = NS Trmt*LPS P = NS 20 Time P < 0.0
Slide 11: LPS – inflammatory response
10/18/22 LPS – inflammatory response Gram-negative E. coli 21 LPS – inflammatory response Gram-negative E. coli Endotoxin Immune cell recruitment Intramammary challenge Swartz et al., In preparation 22 11
Slide 12: LPS – inflammatory response
10/18/22 LPS – inflammatory response Gram-negative E. coli Endotoxin Inflammatory cytokine response Intramammary challenge Swartz et al., In preparation 23 LPS – inflammatory response Fever Gram-negative E. coli > 106°F Endotoxin Intramammary challenge Swartz et al., In preparation 24 12
Slide 13: Acute phase proteins are stable blood markers of inflammation
10/18/22 Acute phase proteins are stable blood markers of inflammation 25 LPS – inflammatory response Gram-negative Acute E. coli phase response Endotoxin Intramammary challenge Swartz et al., In preparation 26 13
Slide 14: LPS – inflammatory response
10/18/22 LPS – inflammatory response Metabolic Gram-negative disruptions E. coli Endotoxin Anaerobic glycolysis (perhaps oxidative burst) Intramammary challenge Swartz et al., In preparation 27 LPS – inflammatory response Metabolic Gram-negative disruptions E. coli Endotoxin Intramammary challenge S
Slide 15: LPS – inflammatory response: Glycine
10/18/22 LPS – inflammatory response Metabolic Gram-negative disruptions 600 E. coli CHOL45-LPS vs CON-LPS, P = 0.02 Glycine (μmol/L) Endotoxin 400 Possible 200 improvement in CHOL45-LPS Trmt P = 0.02 antioxidant Time P < 0.0001 CHOL30-LPS Trmt × Time P = NS defenses Intramammary CON-LPS challenge 0
Slide 16: Milk yield response to challenge
10/18/22 Milk yield response to challenge CHOL45 vs. CON, P = 0.08 CHOL45 vs. CON, P = 0.03 CHOL30 vs. CON, P = 0.19 60 CHOL30 vs. CON, P < 0.01 Milk yield (kg/d) 40 Trmt P < 0.01 Trmt P = 0.08 Time P < 0.0001 LPS P < 0.0001 Trmt*Time P = NS Trmt*LPS P = NS 20 Time P < 0.0001 CHOL45 CHOL45-LPS LPS*T
Slide 17: Dietary CHOL supplementation increased milk yield in the carry-over period
10/18/22 Dietary CHOL supplementation increased milk yield in the carry-over period (22-84 DIM) LPS “hangover” of about 5 lb/d for at 60 CHOL45 vs. CON, P = 0.03 least 2 months post- CHOL30 vs. CON, P = 0.01 challenge 55 Trmt P = 0.02 Milk yield (kg/d) LPS P = 0.05 Trmt*LPS P = NS Week P < 0.0001 50
Slide 18: What about the calves??
10/18/22 What about the calves?? • Key factor: all calves fed commercial colostrum replacer, NOT dam’s colostrum 35 What about the calves?? 36 18
Slide 19: Minimal effects on growth through day 21
10/18/22 Minimal effects on growth through day 21 Swartz et al., in press 37 Neonatal oxidative stress index Swartz et al., in press 38 19
Slide 20: Neonatal oxidative stress index
10/18/22 Neonatal oxidative stress index Swartz et al., in press 39 Neonatal inflammatory marker Swartz et al., in press 40 20
Slide 21: Some evidence of maternal imprinting
10/18/22 Some evidence of maternal imprinting Swartz et al., in press 41 Some evidence of maternal imprinting Swartz et al., in press 42 21
Slide 22: Highlights from MSU transition choline study
10/18/22 Highlights from MSU transition choline study • 80% increase in colostrum yield is surprising and worth exploring • Choline increased milk & ECM yield substantially, but not by diminishing the hit from LPS • Genetic interactions point to potential for precision feeding • This study is the fi
Slide 23: Thank you!
10/18/22 Thank you! Questions/comments: Barry Bradford bjbrad@msu.edu @AnimNutr Turner Swartz swartztu@msu.edu @swartz_turner 45 23