Colbun Sa · BCS:COLBUN
Colbun Sa — Voces con Energía (August 2024)
91 slides from Colbun Sa's conference presentation, Aug 8, 2024
Slide 1: Towards a Responsible Transition
Towards a Responsible Transition Voces con Energía 8th August 2024 Michael Liebreich Founder and CEO Liebreich Associates
Slide 2: Overview
Overview 1. Global Trends 2. Hydrogen 3. Thoughts on Chile Source: Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 3: The 2020s in energy history
The 2020s in energy history The Great Price Spike The Great • Post-Covid recovery Clean Energy • Quantitative tightening Acceleration • Russian invasion of Ukraine Source: Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 4: Global new investment in renewable energy by sector
Global new investment in renewable energy by sector Source: BNEF Energy Transition Investment Trends 2023 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 5: Global new investment in renewable energy by sector
Global new investment in renewable energy by sector Source: BNEF Energy Transition Investment Trends 2023 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 6: Global new investment in renewable energy by sector
Global new investment in renewable energy by sector The Great Clean Energy Acceleration Source: BNEF Energy Transition Investment Trends 2023 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 7: Great solar acceleration – time to install 1GW
Great solar acceleration – time to install 1GW 2004: One year Source: Kees van der Leun 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 8: Great solar acceleration – time to install 1GW
Great solar acceleration – time to install 1GW 2004: 2010: One year One month Source: Kees van der Leun 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 9: Great solar acceleration – time to install 1GW
Great solar acceleration – time to install 1GW 2004: 2010: 2016: One year One month One week Source: Kees van der Leun 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 10: Great solar acceleration – time to install 1GW
Great solar acceleration – time to install 1GW 2004: 2010: 2016: 2023: One year One month One week One day Source: Kees van der Leun 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 11: Global share of power generation by source
Global share of power generation by source 1985 - 2023 Source: Ember, Energy Institute, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 12: Global share of power generation by source
Global share of power generation by source 1985 - 2023 Source: Ember, Energy Institute, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 13: Global share of power generation by source
Global share of power generation by source 1985 - 2023 Source: Ember, Energy Institute, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 14: COP Dubai
COP 28 Dubai Tripling renewable energy capacity globally and doubling the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030 Sultan Al Jaber COP28 President and CEO of ADNOC Image: UNFCCC/COP28 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 15: Renewables expected to double
Renewables expected to double Under existing policies and market conditions, global renewable capacity is forecast to reach 7 300 GW by 2028. This growth trajectory would see global capacity increase to 2.5 times its current level by 2030 Fatih Birol Executive Director of the IEA Image: Wikimedia Co
Slide 16: Negative prices in the EU and US
Negative prices in the EU and US Europe wholesale spot prices, Whitsunday 2023 US wholesale pricing nodes, negative prices 2022 Sources: Gerard Reid, Ryan Wiser, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 17: Hours of zero or negative power prices – UK
Hours of zero or negative power prices – UK Source: Modo 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 18: Hours of zero or negative power prices – UK
Hours of zero or negative power prices – UK Source: Modo 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 19: Time of day mismatch - Zero price hours in Chile
Time of day mismatch - Zero price hours Hours in Chile Note: there are 8760 hours in a year Source: CEN, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 20: Keeping the lights on - the age of gas?
Keeping the lights on - the age of gas? Gas peaking plants Image: Thomas P Peschak 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 21: Keeping the lights on - the age of batteries
Keeping the lights on - the age of batteries Gas peaking plants Batteries Image: Thomas P Peschak 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 22: Keeping the lights on – the age of electrification
Keeping the lights on – the age of electrification Images: Rivian; Daikin; Heaten 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 23: Keeping the lights on – electric transport
Keeping the lights on – electric transport Images: Rivian; Daikin; Heaten 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 24: EV sales
EV sales Global EV share of passenger vehicle sales EV share of passenger vehicle sales in Europe One car in five sold worldwide is electric Note: Data as of Q1 2024 Source: BNEF 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 25: EU heat pump installations
EU heat pump installations Source: EHPA 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 26: US heat pump v. gas furnace sales
US heat pump v. gas furnace sales Heap pumps have outsold gas furnaces since 2020 Gas furnaces Source: MIT Technology Review, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 27: Keeping the lights on – industrial electrification
Keeping the lights on – industrial electrification Images: Rivian; Daikin; Heaten 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 28: Industrial heat pumps
Industrial heat pumps Up to 200C Also work for high- heat and steam temperature district heat Images: Heaten; Mitsubishi, Star Renewables 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 29: Wild card: data centres
Wild card: data centres Image: FreePix, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 30: Hydrogen
Hydrogen Image: Wikimedia Commons 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 31: Hydrogen futurism – 1875
Hydrogen futurism – 1875 Water will one day be employed as fuel, that hydrogen and oxygen which constitute it, used singly or together, will furnish an inexhaustible source of heat and light, of an intensity of which coal is not capable. Jules Verne, Mysterious Island Image: Wikimedia Commons 8th Au
Slide 32: Clean Hydrogen Society
Clean Hydrogen Society Shifting to and developing a hydrogen society is critical for achieving decarbonization Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida 19 April 2022, visiting liquid hydrogen terminal, Hyogo Image: Nippon.com 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 33: Hydrogen economy
Hydrogen economy Instead of the gas currently used for industry, heating and fuels, we will ensure hydrogen – the gas of the future – can be used, and we will create a huge boom Olaf Scholz, German Chancellor September 2022 Image: DW 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 34: Clean Hydrogen Swiss Army Knife
Clean Hydrogen Swiss Army Knife Clean hydrogen is the “ k ” of zero-carbon technologies Jennifer Granholm, US Energy Secretary Image: Wikimedia Commons 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 35: Clean Hydrogen Swiss Army Knife
Clean Hydrogen Swiss Army Knife Short-haul aviation Chemicals Light aviation Aviation & processes Local CO2 remediation Desulphurisation Shipping Long-haul aviation & shipping Hydrocracking Fertiliser Local ferries Chemical feedstock Coastal and river vessels Methanol Hydrogenation Medium-haul aviat
Slide 36: Hydrogen strategies – 2024
Hydrogen strategies – 2024 National hydrogen strategy in place National hydrogen strategy in preparation No activity Not assessed Source: BloombergNEF 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 37: 150 years into hydrogen economy…
150 years into hydrogen economy… 100 million tons per year, $150 billion market Source: IEA Global Hydrogen Review 2023 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 38: 150 years into hydrogen economy…
150 years into hydrogen economy… 100 million tons per year, $150 billion market Electrolysis 0.1% Source: IEA Global Hydrogen Review 2023 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 39: Global announced hydrogen projects
Global announced hydrogen projects Source: IEA Hydrogen Review 2023 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 40: Clean hydrogen project status
Clean hydrogen project status By number of projects By production volume 14% 12% 1% 7% Source: BNEF, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 41: Green hydrogen cost: hydrogen strategies vs out-turn
Green hydrogen cost: hydrogen strategies vs out-turn $ 2020/kg Key: National Strategies Analyst Reports Target $1 Source: Various, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 42: Green hydrogen cost: hydrogen strategies vs out-turn
Green hydrogen cost: hydrogen strategies vs out-turn $ 2020/kg Key: TNO National Strategies Analyst Reports UK Auction Results TotalEnergies BCG ArcelorMittal Target $1 Source: Various, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 43: The promise for Chile (2020)
The promise for Chile (2020) Source: McKinsey & Co Chilean Clean Hydrogen Pathway 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 44: Cost of imported hydrogen, Austria/ Germany (2040)
Cost of imported hydrogen, Austria/ Germany (2040) Optimistic Scenario Pessimistic Scenario Note: Dutch TTF Natural gas prices as of Sept 2023. Source: AIT, Bloomberg, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 45: Cost of imported hydrogen, Austria/ Germany (2040)
Cost of imported hydrogen, Austria/ Germany (2040) Optimistic Scenario Pessimistic Scenario Gray hydrogen plus carbon price €2/kg Note: Dutch TTF Natural gas prices as of Sept 2023. Source: AIT, Bloomberg, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 46: Cost of imported hydrogen, Austria/ Germany (2040)
Cost of imported hydrogen, Austria/ Germany (2040) Optimistic Scenario Pessimistic Scenario Gray hydrogen plus Imports from Chile carbon price €2/kg €5 - €9/kg Note: Dutch TTF Natural gas prices as of Sept 2023. Source: AIT, Bloomberg, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @Cleaning
Slide 47: Hydrogen’s missing trillions
Hydrogen’s missing trillions Each million tons per year of hydrogen… …equals one billion kg Source: Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 48: Hydrogen’s missing trillions
Hydrogen’s missing trillions Each million tons per year of hydrogen… …equals one billion kg So each dollar per kg of cost disadvantage… …equals a billion dollars per year of missing money Source: Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 49: Hydrogen’s missing trillions
Hydrogen’s missing trillions Each million tons per year of hydrogen… …equals one billion kg So each dollar per kg of cost disadvantage… …equals a billion dollars per year of missing money But each project needs a fifteen-year offtake agreement… …which requires $15 billion bankable subsidy or green p
Slide 50: Hydrogen’s missing trillions
Hydrogen’s missing trillions $3/kg cost gap translates into Each million tons per year of hydrogen… …equals one billion kg $45billion of required subsidy per million tons So each dollar per kg of cost disadvantage… …equals a billion dollars per year of missing money But each project needs a fifteen-
Slide 51: Experience curves
Experience curves Solar Modules (28%) Batteries (18%) Wind (15%) Source: Schmidt et al., BNEF, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 52: Green Hydrogen – TNO Holland Cost Study
Green Hydrogen – TNO Holland Cost Study Levelised Cost (€/kg) Unit Capital Cost (€/kWe) Contingency Note: Assumes 100 MWe alkaline/PEM electrolyser; 9.5% WACC; 4,800 FLH based Source: TNO 2024, based on survey responses of current projects on grid carbon intensity lower than SMR; €75/MWh electricity
Slide 53: Green Hydrogen – TNO Holland Cost Study
Green Hydrogen – TNO Holland Cost Study Levelised Cost (€/kg) Unit Capital Cost (€/kWe) Contingency Electrolyser stack 11% of total cost Note: Assumes 100 MWe alkaline/PEM electrolyser; 9.5% WACC; 4,800 FLH based Source: TNO 2024, based on survey responses of current projects on grid carbon intensit
Slide 54: Green Hydrogen – TNO Holland Cost Study
Green Hydrogen – TNO Holland Cost Study Levelised Cost (€/kg) Unit Capital Cost (€/kWe) Electricity 40% of total cost Contingency Electrolyser stack 11% of total cost Note: Assumes 100 MWe alkaline/PEM electrolyser; 9.5% WACC; 4,800 FLH based Source: TNO 2024, based on survey responses of current pr
Slide 55: Green Hydrogen – TNO Holland Cost Study
Green Hydrogen – TNO Holland Cost Study Levelised Cost (€/kg) Unit Capital Cost (€/kWe) Electricity 40% of total cost Contingency Electrolyser stack 11% of total cost Note: Assumes 100 MWe alkaline/PEM electrolyser; 9.5% WACC; 4,800 FLH based Source: TNO 2024, based on survey responses of current pr
Slide 56: Green Hydrogen – TNO Holland Cost Study
Green Hydrogen – TNO Holland Cost Study Levelised Cost (€/kg) Unit Capital Cost (€/kWe) Electricity Heavy 40% electrical of total engineering cost Contingency plus maintenance 40% of total cost Electrolyser stack 11% of total cost Note: Assumes 100 MWe alkaline/PEM electrolyser; 9.5% WACC; 4,800 FLH
Slide 57: Hydrogen challenges
Hydrogen challenges Production Transportation Storage Distribution Use • Expensive Source: Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 58: Hydrogen challenges
Hydrogen challenges Production Transportation Storage Distribution Use • Expensive • Expensive • Small-scale: • Expensive • Existing uses: (except by expensive price-sensitive pipeline) • Large-scale: • New uses: unproven expensive Source: Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @Clea
Slide 59: Electric vs hydrogen car sales, global quarterly
Electric vs hydrogen car sales, global quarterly Battery electric vehicles (inc. PHEVs) Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles Source: BloombergNEF; Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 60: Electric vs hydrogen car sales, global quarterly
Electric vs hydrogen car sales, global quarterly Battery electric vehicles (inc. PHEVs) Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles Source: BloombergNEF; Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 61: Passenger fuel cell vehicle sales
Passenger fuel cell vehicle sales Source: BloombergNEF; Marklines; Ferrari 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 62: Passenger fuel cell vehicle sales
Passenger fuel cell vehicle sales Ferrari sales 2023 Source: BloombergNEF; Marklines; Ferrari 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 63: How it started… how it’s going – H2 buses
How it started… how it’s going – H2 buses December 2019 November 2023 Source: Hydrogen Fuel News, Hydrogen Insight 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 64: How it started… how it’s going – H2 trains
How it started… how it’s going – H2 trains August 2022 August 2023 Source: Al Jazeera, Hydrogen Insight 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 65: Hydrogen and heavy goods vehicles
Hydrogen and heavy goods vehicles We decided to invest in a European network of hydrogen filling stations for , ’ I think electricity is going to carry the day because of progress on batteries and light vehicles. Patrick Pouyanné CEO Total Energies Image: Wikimedia Commons 8th August 2024 Voces con
Slide 66: Imported green ammonia electricity generation efficiency
Imported green ammonia electricity generation efficiency (Energy balance) Manufacturing Generation, Electrolysis, Air Separation Haber Bosh Liquefaction Shipping Ammonia firing AC/DC conversion and Oxygen transmission O2 by- losses product (60 kt) Electricity (50 GWh) Electricity Hydrogen Haber Bosc
Slide 67: Imported green ammonia electricity generation efficiency
Imported green ammonia electricity generation efficiency (Energy balance) Manufacturing Generation, Electrolysis, Air Separation Haber Bosh Liquefaction Shipping Ammonia firing AC/DC conversion and transmission O2 Oxygen by- Green Ammonia losses product Electricity (60 kt) with end-to-end (50 GWh) e
Slide 68: Hydrogen aviation: the figures for Chile
Hydrogen aviation: the figures for Chile Jet fuel use 2022 1.3 million tonnes Equivalent hydrogen demand 480,000 tonnes Energy content 16.1 TWh Equivalent to 24/7 power 1.8 GW Liquefaction losses 1.0 GW Production losses 0.5 GW Total power demand 3.3 GW • 50% of Chile’s total power production • Liqu
Slide 69: Hydrogen storage options (long-duration)
Hydrogen storage options (long-duration) Hydrogen gas e-Methanol e-Methane Ammonia DME LOHC Metal Hydrides 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 70: Hydrogen storage options (long-duration)
Hydrogen storage options (long-duration) Ease/cost of Ease/cost of Ease/cost of Ease/cost of Ease/cost of Ease of Ease of Ease of Ease of production transport storage distribution Easeuse of Use Production Transportation Storage Distribution Hydrogen gas e-Methanol e-Methane Ammonia DME LOHC Metal H
Slide 71: Hydrogen storage options (long-duration)
Hydrogen storage options (long-duration) Ease/cost of Ease/cost of Ease/cost of Ease/cost of Ease/cost of Ease of Ease of Ease of Ease of production transport storage distribution Easeuse of Use Production Transportation Storage Distribution Hydrogen gas e-Methanol e-Methane Ammonia DME LOHC Metal H
Slide 72: Hydrogen Ladder 5.0
Hydrogen Ladder 5.0 Key: No real alternative Electricity/batteries Biomass/biogas Other Unavoidable A Fertiliser Hydrogenation Methanol Hydrocracking Desulphurisation B Shipping* Jet Aviation** Chemical Feedstock Steel Long Duration Grid Balancing C Coastal and river vessels Non-Road Mobile Machiner
Slide 73: Hydrogen Ladder 5.0
Hydrogen Ladder 5.0 Key: No real alternative Electricity/batteries Biomass/biogas Other Unavoidable A Fertiliser Hydrogenation Methanol Hydrocracking Desulphurisation B Shipping* Jet Aviation** Chemical Feedstock Steel Long Duration Grid Balancing C Coastal and river vessels Non-Road Mobile Machiner
Slide 74: Hydrogen Ladder 5.0
Hydrogen Ladder 5.0 Key: No real alternative Electricity/batteries Biomass/biogas Other Unavoidable A Fertiliser Hydrogenation Methanol Hydrocracking Desulphurisation B Shipping* Jet Aviation** Chemical Feedstock Steel Long Duration Grid Balancing C Coastal and river vessels Non-Road Mobile Machiner
Slide 75: Hydrogen Ladder 5.0
Hydrogen Ladder 5.0 Key: No real alternative Electricity/batteries Biomass/biogas Other Unavoidable A Fertiliser Hydrogenation Methanol Hydrocracking Desulphurisation B Shipping* Jet Aviation** Chemical Feedstock Steel Long Duration Grid Balancing C Coastal and river vessels Non-Road Mobile Machiner
Slide 76: Hydrogen Ladder 5.0
Hydrogen Ladder 5.0 Key: No real alternative Electricity/batteries Biomass/biogas Other Unavoidable A Fertiliser Hydrogenation Methanol Hydrocracking Desulphurisation B Shipping* Jet Aviation** Chemical Feedstock Steel Long Duration Grid Balancing C Coastal and river vessels Non-Road Mobile Machiner
Slide 77: Chile – postcard from the future?
Chile – postcard from the future? 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 78: Electricity in Chile 2000-2023
Electricity in Chile 2000-2023 Power mix Emissions Source: Ember, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 79: Three great renewable energy mismatches
Three great renewable energy mismatches Location Time of day Season Images: Freepik (juicy_fish, rawpixel.com) 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 80: Locational mismatch
Locational mismatch Demand Solar Wind Source: CEN, Global Solar Atlas, Global Wind Atlas, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 81: Time of day mismatch
Time of day mismatch Summer Winter , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Notes: Data is average generation at each hour per season in 2023 Source: CEN, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 82: Time of day mismatch – future
Time of day mismatch – future Summer Winter , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Notes: Wind and solar are scaled up to meet aggregate demand across the year Source: CEN, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 83: Seasonal mismatch
Seasonal mismatch 4.6 TWh 5% annual demand Note: Wind, solar and demand are 2023 data, hydro uses an average of 2016-2023 for a more representative shape. Wind and solar are scaled to meet aggregate demand Source: Ember, Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebrei
Slide 84: Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid
Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid Months to weeks Days to hours Minutes to milliseconds RIDE THROUGH BALANCE WITHOUT ENSURE SEASONS AND EXTREMES LOAD SHEDDING POWER QUALITY Demand Variable supply Source: Liebreich Associates 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich
Slide 85: Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid
Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid Months to weeks Days to hours Minutes to milliseconds RIDE THROUGH BALANCE WITHOUT ENSURE SEASONS AND EXTREMES LOAD SHEDDING POWER QUALITY Demand Variable supply Current Over- Pumped Battery Smart Demand Plan: capacity storage storage charging response So
Slide 86: Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid
Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid Months to weeks Days to hours Minutes to milliseconds RIDE THROUGH BALANCE WITHOUT ENSURE SEASONS AND EXTREMES LOAD SHEDDING POWER QUALITY Demand Variable supply Current Over- Pumped Battery Smart Demand Plan: capacity storage storage charging response (B
Slide 87: Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid
Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid Months to weeks Days to hours Minutes to milliseconds RIDE THROUGH BALANCE WITHOUT ENSURE SEASONS AND EXTREMES LOAD SHEDDING POWER QUALITY Demand Variable supply Current Over- Pumped Battery Smart Demand Plan: capacity storage storage charging response (B
Slide 88: Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid
Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid Months to weeks Days to hours Minutes to milliseconds RIDE THROUGH BALANCE WITHOUT ENSURE SEASONS AND EXTREMES LOAD SHEDDING POWER QUALITY Demand Variable supply Digitisation Current Over- Pumped Battery Smart Demand Plan: capacity storage storage chargin
Slide 89: Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid
Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid Months to weeks Days to hours Minutes to milliseconds RIDE THROUGH BALANCE WITHOUT ENSURE SEASONS AND EXTREMES LOAD SHEDDING POWER QUALITY Demand Transmission & interconnections Variable supply Digitisation Current Over- Pumped Battery Smart Demand Plan:
Slide 90: Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid
Towards an affordable, resilient, clean grid Months to weeks Days to hours Minutes to milliseconds RIDE THROUGH BALANCE WITHOUT ENSURE SEASONS AND EXTREMES LOAD SHEDDING POWER QUALITY Demand Transmission & Power market interconnections reform Variable supply Digitisation Current Over- Pumped Battery
Slide 91: Thanks!
Thanks! michael@liebreichassociates.com www.liebreich.com @mliebreich 8th August 2024 Voces con Energía @CleaningUpPod @mliebreich