Realty Income : Assurance Statement

About this update from Realty Income Corporation

Scope 1 and 2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Independent Accountants' Review Report Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Statement Year Ended December 31, 2025 In metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO 2 e) Scope 1 Emissions 66 Scope 2 Emissions Market-based Method 6 Location-based Method 2,049 Total Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions (market-based) 72 Total Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions (location-based) 2,115 The company purchased and retired 4,395 MWh of renewable energy attribute certificates, including RECs, REGOs, and GOs. The accompanying notes form an integral part of this GHG Emissions Statement (the Statement). Reporting entity (1) : Realty Income Corporation and its subsidiaries (the Company) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) headquartered in San Diego, California, with a diversified portfolio of freestanding commercial properties under long-term net lease agreements. The Company's operations span the United States, the United Kingdom, and continental Europe, serving a broad range of clients across multiple industries. Basis of presentation: The Company has prepared its GHG emissions statement for the year ended December 31, 2025 in accordance with the World Resources Institute and World Business Council for Sustainable Development's Greenhouse Gas Protocol standards and guidance (collectively, the GHG Protocol). Scope 1 emissions have been prepared in accordance with the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (revised edition). Scope 2 emissions have Organizational boundary: The Company reports greenhouse gas emissions using the operational control approach, accounting for emissions from operations over which it, or one of its subsidiaries, has the authority to introduce and implement operating policies. Under this approach, the organizational boundary includes owned and leased corporate offices, landlord - controlled common areas (2) , and common areas within international retail park properties in the United Kingdom managed by third - party partners. Emissions from newly acquired operations are incorporated into the inventory when operational control is obtained and reliable data is available, which generally results in inclusion within 12 months of acquisition. All assets during the year ended December 31, 2025 were evaluated for inclusion. Use of estimates and estimation uncertainties: The Company bases its estimates and methodologies on historical data, available information, and industry-accepted methodologies. Emissions data presented are subject to measurement uncertainty due to inherent limitations in data availability and the methodologies used to quantify emissions. The use of different, but acceptable, calculation methods or assumptions may result in differences in reported emissions, and the level of precision may vary by source. Scope 1 Emissions Scope 1 emissions are direct emissions from the combustion of fuel from sources inside the organizational boundary and include the following. Stationary emission sources Furnaces, generators Mobile emission sources Company-owned vehicle Fugitive emission sources Leaks from air conditioning and refrigeration Scope 2 Emissions Scope 2 emissions are indirect greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity consumed by the organization and include the following. been prepared in accordance with the GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance: An amendment to the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard. Purchased electricity sources Domestic and international office electricity consumption (both owned and leased), electricity consumption at landlord-controlled common areas (1) For more information, please refer to the company website and the company's 2025 Form 10-K . (2) Reported energy consumption includes landlord-controlled common area energy use where data is available. Base year: The Company's base year for combined Scope 1 and 2 (location-based) emissions is the year ended December 31, 2024. The base year may be recalculated if there are changes in any of the following that are significant either individually or in aggregate: Structural changes in the organizational boundary Changes in calculation methodology or improvements in the accuracy of emission factors or activity data that result in a significant impact on emissions data. The Company evaluates material changes such as the above to determine whether a recalculation of historical Scope 1 and 2 emissions is required. Based on evaluations performed to date, no changes have triggered a recalculation of the Company's Scope 1 or 2 emissions, and historical emissions remain unchanged. Common area data collection and calculations: The Company's common area inventory includes areas within U.S. and European properties where landlord-controlled operations encompass Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions. Emissions are included where the Company, or a third-party property manager acting on its behalf, has authority over utility procurement, energy management, and/or maintenance. In the U.S., control is primarily established through lease terms requiring the Company to procure and pay utilities for common areas. In Europe, control is established through contractual arrangements with property managers operating under ISO-certified Environmental Management Systems (EMS), which Renewable energy procurement: The Company uses energy attribute certificates (RECs, REGOs, and GOs) sourced through a third-party provider to support renewable electricity use across its U.S. and international operations. Purchased certificates are sourced from solar photovoltaic (PV) and offshore wind generation projects. These certificates are assessed against GHG Protocol Scope 2 Quality Criteria, retired on the Company's behalf, and applied within the operational control boundary to support market-based Scope 2 emissions reporting. Emissions per gas: Emissions data for all seven greenhouse gases for the year ended December 31, 2025, is provided below. All values are presented in metric tonnes (MT) CO 2 e. GHG Scope 1 Scope 2 (location-based) Scope 2 (market-based) Carbon dioxide 32 (CO 2 ) 2,035 6 Methane 0 (CH 4 ) 6 0 Nitrous oxide 0 (N 2 O) 8 0 Hydrofluorocarbons 34 (HFCs) 0 0 Total 66 2,049 6 govern data collection, validation, and reporting. Onsite solar generation at San Diego headquarters (3) : The on - site solar Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulfur Not applicable to Realty Income's Scope 1 and 2 emissions. photovoltaic (PV) system at the Company's San Diego headquarters became operational during the year ended December 31, 2024. Electricity generated by hexafluoride (SF6) Not applicable to Realty Income's Scope 1 and 2 emissions. the system flows through multiple building meters at the 11995 and 11975 headquarters buildings, including meters for serving client - occupied spaces Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) Not applicable to Realty Income's Scope 1 and 2 emissions. within the 11975 building. On - site solar generation does not result in emissions and is not reported as a separate emission source. CO 2 is the dominant contributor to our total GHG emissions, representing the vast majority (45.8%) of the footprint. (3) To support accurate Scope 2 accounting consistent with the operational control approach, the Sustainability team performed a detailed meter - level allocation analysis, to identify and isolate the portion of on - site solar generation attributable exclusively to corporate operations. With support from a third-party advisor, allocations were updated based on meter configuration, building use, and occupancy to ensure appropriate attribution. Measurement Methodologies Scope 1 Measurement Methodologies EMISSION Scope 2 Measurement Methodologies EMISSION SOURCE METHOD FACTORS INPUTS SOURCE METHOD FACTORS INPUTS Stationary emission sources Mobile emission sources Emission factors applied to primary activity data; proration where whole-building data is received; estimation only where needed Emission factors applied to fuel usage from corporate expense/fuel records Estimation Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Emission Factors for GHG Inventories 2025 (stationary fuel combustion factors, UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) 2025 EPA Emission Factors for GHG Inventories, UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) 2025 CARB refrigerant methodologies + IPCC AR6 GWPs (refrigerant-specific Natural gas utility data for San Diego HQ, where available Landlord-provided flat files / invoices for leased offices (e.g., London, Phoenix, Amsterdam) where applicable Proration inputs when only whole-building data is available (e.g., occupancy square footage) Fuel usage volume (gallons) and spend for one company-owned vehicle, obtained through internal corporate expense & fuel records Building square footage for corporate office spaces (owned/leased) used to estimate refrigerant leakage Purchased electricity sources (location-based) Purchased electricity sources (market-based) Electricity consumption data collected from utility providers and landlords and multiplied by grid - average electricity emission factors for the applicable geographic location (location - based method), consistent with the GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance. Electricity consumption data combined with contractual instruments that meet the GHG Protocol Scope 2 Quality Criteria. Where supplier-specific emission factors are unavailable, residual mix emission factors are applied to reflect unclaimed grid electricity (market - based method). EPA Emission Factors for GHG Inventories 2025, International Energy Agency (IEA) 2025 eGRID residual mixes 2025, IEA 2025, DESNZ 2025 Utility bills and metered electricity consumption for owned and leased corporate offices Landlord - provided flat files or invoices for leased offices and landlord - controlled common areas Proration inputs when only whole-building data is available Utility bills and metered electricity consumption Renewable energy attribute certificates (RECs, REGOs, and GOs) retired on the Company's behalf Proration inputs when only whole-building data is available Fugitive emission sources methodology based on facility type and square footage factors referenced (e.g., R - 410A, R - 134a)), UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) 2025 Facility type / building type (as used in the estimation approach) Refrigerant type assumptions (e.g., R - 410a, R - 134a) as applicable in the methodology Methodology descriptions Emissions are calculated by multiplying the amount of company-purchased natural gas and electricity consumed by the appropriate emission factors. Location-based method estimates are based on grid-average emission factors for defined geographic locations. Realty Income applies the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) 100-year global warming potential values when calculating or estimating emissions. Market-based method estimates are based on emission factors derived from contractual instruments, which meet the 'Scope 2 Quality Criteria'. These may include supplier-specific emission factors or factors denoted through renewable energy certificates (RECs, REGOs, or GOs). When these factors are not available, emissions are estimated using residual mix factors.

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