Jun 30, 2025 Annual Information Form

ITEM 1: GENERAL 4

ITEM 2: CORPORATE STRUCTURE 5

ITEM 3: GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS 6

ITEM 4: DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS 13

ITEM 5: MINERAL PROPERTY 22

ITEM 6: DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS 49

ITEM 7: DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE 50

ITEM 8: MARKET FOR SECURITIES 50

ITEM 9: ESCROWED SECURITIES 51

ITEM 10: DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS 51

ITEM 11: AUDIT COMMITTEE 53

ITEM 12: PROMOTERS 55

ITEM 13: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS 55

ITEM 14: INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS 55

ITEM 15: TRANSFER AGENTS AND REGISTRARS 55

ITEM 16: MATERIAL CONTRACTS 55

ITEM 17: INTERESTS OF EXPERTS 55

ITEM 18: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 56

All sums of money which are referred to herein are expressed in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise specified. The symbol "CAD$" denotes lawful money of Canada. The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, the year-end exchange rate, the average closing rate and the high and low closing exchange rates for one Canadian dollar expressed in U.S. dollars, as quoted by the Bank of Canada:

The exchange rate for one Canadian dollar expressed in U.S. dollars based upon the daily average exchange rate on June 30, 2025 provided by the Bank of Canada was $0.7330.

The corporate structure of the Company and its subsidiaries, as of June 30, 2025, is as follows:

The Company made no significant acquisitions in its most recently completed financial year.

An investment in the Shares involves a significant degree of risk and ought to be considered a highly speculative investment. Shareholders of the Company may lose their entire investment. The market price of the Shares may be affected by many variables not directly related to the corporate performance of the Company, including the market in which it is traded, the strength of the economy generally, the availability and attractiveness of alternative investments and the breadth of the public market for its Shares. The effect of these and other factors on the market price of the Shares in the future cannot be predicted. The lack of an active public market could also have a material adverse effect on the price of the Shares.

In addition, risk factors identified in this AIF, as well as risks not currently known to the Company, could materially adversely affect the Company's future business, operations and financial condition and could cause actual results to differ materially from the estimates described in the forward-looking statements and information relating to the Company.

The Company is currently in the business of acquiring, exploring, and developing mineral properties and is exposed to a number of risks and uncertainties that are common to other mineral exploration companies in the same business. The following is a brief discussion of those factors which may have a material impact on, or constitute risk factors in respect of, the Company's future financial performance.

The Company is an exploration and development stage mining company that has no revenue from operations and no ongoing mining production of any kind. The Company has not developed or operated any mines and has no operating history upon which an evaluation of the Company's future success or failure can be made. The Company's ability to achieve and maintain profitable mining operations is dependent upon a number of factors, including the Company's ability to successfully obtain essential permits, build and operate mines, processing plants, and related infrastructure. The Company may not successfully establish mining operations or profitably produce metals at its properties. As such, the Company does not know if it will ever generate revenues.

The determination of whether any mineral deposits on the Company's mineral projects are economical is affected by numerous factors beyond the control of the Company. These factors include: (a) the metallurgy of the mineralization forming the mineral deposit; (b) market fluctuations for metal prices; (c) the proximity and capacity of natural resource markets and processing equipment; and (d) government regulations governing prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting of minerals, and environmental protection.

The Company's projects are located in Bolivia and, therefore, the Company's current and future mineral exploration and mining activities are exposed to various levels of political, economic, and other risks and uncertainties. There has been a significant level of political and social unrest in Bolivia in recent years resulting from a number of factors, including Bolivia's history of political and economic instability under a variety of governments and high rate of unemployment.

The Company's exploration and development activities may be affected by changes in government, political instability, and the nature of various government regulations relating to the mining industry. Bolivia's fiscal regime has historically been favourable to the mining industry, but there is a risk that this could change. The Company cannot predict the government's positions on foreign investment, mining concessions, land tenure, environmental regulation, or taxation. A change in government positions on these issues could adversely affect the Company's business and/or its holdings, assets, and operations in Bolivia. Any changes in regulations or shifts in political conditions are beyond the control of the Company. Moreover, protestors and cooperatives have previously targeted foreign companies in the mining sector, and as a result there is no assurance that future social unrest will not have an adverse impact on the Company's operations. Labour in Bolivia is customarily unionized and there are risks that labour unrest or wage agreements may impact operations.

The Company's operations in Bolivia may also be adversely affected by economic uncertainty characteristic of developing countries. In addition, operations may be affected in varying degrees by government regulations with respect to restrictions on production, price controls, export controls, currency remittance, income taxes, expropriation of property, foreign investment, maintenance of claims, environmental legislation, land use, land claims of local people, water use, and safety factors.

The MPC remains subject to ratification and approval by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly of Bolivia. As of the date of this AIF, the MPC has not been ratified nor approved by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly of Bolivia. The Company cautions that there is

no assurance that the Company will be successful in obtaining ratification of the MPC in a timely manner or at all, or that the ratification of the MPC will be obtained on reasonable terms. The Company cannot predict the new government's positions on foreign investment, mining concessions, land tenure, environmental regulations, community relations, taxation or otherwise.

Illegal artisanal and small-scale miners ("ASMs") are present in Bolivia and a few ASMs have operated on the Silver Sand Project between 2023 and June 2025.

The Company has taken steps to address the presence of these illegal ASMs, including the commencement of formal legal proceedings in December 2023. In addition, on May 7, 2024, the Company successfully obtained an execution order (the "Order") from the AJAM for the reinstatement of its mining rights and is working closely with government authorities to enforce the Order. On June 25, 2025, through a formal judicial resolution process in Bolivia, the Departmental Court of Justice of La Paz granted an Amparo (a constitutional protection action) to the Company that provides the Silver Sand Project with immediate and long-term protection against any kinds of encroachment and illegal mining activities. Since July 1, 2025, the illegal ASMs' have stopped their mining activities and withdrawn from the Silver Sand Project area and the Company has successfully regained access to the area and established a temporary camp. Survey and inspection work has been performed in the area to measure the extent of the impact of the illegal ASMs' activities on the Silver Sand Project's mineral resources, preliminary results indicate the mineralized material extracted is not material.

Illegal ASMs' activities may recur and may present significant risks to the Company's operations, including the potential for disruptions, property damage, environmental degradation, and personal injuries, for which the Company could be held responsible. Illegal ASMs can also lead to road blockages, delays, and disputes over access to and development of the Company's mining projects, and such actions have limited the Company's ability to carry out certain activities at the Silver Sand Project. The Company, with the assistance of local communities, government authorities and external consultants, has taken measures to reduce the prevalence of the illegal ASMs.

Notwithstanding the Company's efforts to eliminate illegal ASMs activities, the Company also recognizes the importance of legal ASM Cooperatives ("CoOps") near the Silver Sand Project that do not encroach on our mineral rights and is establishing a framework to coexist with these non-encroaching CoOps. These non-encroaching CoOps are important to the region's economic and political landscape and the Company is committed to ensuring the shared benefits from a proposed modern mining operation, including access to milling capacity, technology, infrastructure, and capital, are realized. However, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective in preventing future encroachment, illegal mining activities or conflict.

Mining companies are increasingly required to operate in a sustainable manner and to provide benefits to affected communities and there are risks associated with the Company failing to acquire and subsequently maintain a "social licence" to operate on its mineral properties. "Social licence" does not refer to a specific permit or licence, but rather is a broad term used to describe community acceptance of a company's plans and activities related to exploration, development or operations on its mineral projects.

The Company places a high priority on, and dedicates considerable efforts and resources toward, its community relationships and responsibilities. Despite its best efforts, there are factors that may affect the Company's efforts to establish and maintain social licence at any of its projects, including national or local changes in sentiment toward mining, evolving social concerns, changing economic conditions and challenges, and the influence of third-party opposition toward mining on local support. There can be no guarantee that social licence can be earned by the Company or if established, that social licence can be maintained in the long term, and without strong community support the ability to secure necessary permits, obtain project financing, and/or move a project into development or operation may be compromised or precluded. Delays in projects attributable to a lack of community support or other community-related disruptions or delays can translate directly into a decrease in the value of a project or into an inability to bring the Company's projects to, or maintain, production. The cost of measures and other issues relating to the sustainable development of mining operations may result in additional operating costs, higher capital expenditures, reputational damage, active community opposition (possibly resulting in delays, disruptions and stoppages), legal suits, regulatory intervention and investor withdrawal.

At the Carangas Project, although a majority of respondents expressed support at an August 30, 2025 community assembly meeting, there is no guarantee that sufficient community consent will be maintained to satisfy permitting requirements. A lack of sustained majority support may delay or prevent the Company from obtaining necessary permits or proceeding with development activities.

The Carangas Project and the Silverstrike Project are located within 50 km of the Bolivian border with Chile. In line with many South American countries, Bolivia does not permit foreign entities to own property within 50 km of international borders. Property owners in the Frontier Area are, however, permitted to enter into mining association agreements with third parties, including foreign entities, for the development of mining activities under Bolivian Law No. 535 on Mining and Metallurgy. While the Company believes the mining association agreements for the Carangas Project and the Silverstrike Project are legally compliant with the Frontier Area

requirements and Bolivian mining laws, there is no assurance that the Company's Bolivian partners will be successful in obtaining the approval of AJAM to convert the exploration licenses to AMC in the case of the Carangas Project, or that even if approved, that such relationships and structures will not be challenged by other Bolivian organizations or communities.

Exploration and development of, and production from, any deposit at the Company's mineral projects require permits from various government authorities. There can be no assurance that any required permits will be obtained in a timely manner or at all, or that they will be obtained on reasonable terms. Delays or failure to obtain, expiry of, or a failure to comply with the terms of such permits could prohibit development of the Company's mineral projects and have a material adverse impact on the Company.

While the Company believes the contractual relationships and the structures it has in place with private Bolivian companies owned 100% by Bolivian nationals for the Silverstrike Project and the Carangas Project are legally compliant with Bolivian laws related to the Frontier Areas, there is no assurance that the Company's Bolivian partner will be successful in obtaining approval of AJAM to convert the exploration licenses to AMCs in the case of Carangas Project, or that even if approved, that such contractual relationship and structure will not be challenged by other Bolivian organizations or communities.

The Company's current and future operations, including development activities and commencement of production, if warranted, require permits from government authorities and such operations are and will be governed by laws and regulations governing prospecting, development, mining, production, exports, taxes, labour standards, occupational health, waste disposal, toxic substances, land use, environmental protection, mine safety, and other matters. Companies engaged in property exploration and the development or operation of mines and related facilities generally experience increased costs and delays in production and other schedules as a result of the need to comply with applicable laws, regulations, and permits. The Company cannot predict if all permits which it may require for continued exploration, development, or construction of mining facilities and conduct of mining operations will be obtainable on reasonable terms, if at all. Time delays and associated costs related to applying for and obtaining permits and licenses may be prohibitive and could delay planned exploration and development activities. Failure to comply with or any violations of the applicable laws, regulations, and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment, or remedial actions.

At the Carangas Project, permitting progress remains contingent on community consent and broader political support, including national recognition of the Carangas Project's proposed "State of Necessity" designation and approval of the AMC application. However, there is no assurance that these efforts will be successful or that legislative or administrative processes will progress in a timely manner. Delays related to community engagement, evolving political dynamics, or lack of national-level support may adversely affect the Company's ability to obtain necessary permits and move forward with development activities.

Parties engaged in mining operations may be required to compensate those impacted by mining activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations. Amendments to current laws, regulations, and permits governing operations and activities of mining companies, or more stringent implementation thereof, could have a material adverse impact on the Company's operations and cause increases in capital expenditures or production costs, or reduction in levels of production at producing properties, or require abandonment or delays in the development of new mining properties.

The Company's operations and exploration and development activities are subject to extensive laws and regulations governing various matters, including: (a) environmental protection; (b) management and use of toxic substances and explosives; (c) management of natural resources; (d) management of tailings and other wastes; (e) mine construction; (f) exploration, development of mines, production and post-closure reclamation; (g) exports; (h) price controls; (i) taxation and mining royalties; (j) regulations concerning business dealings with indigenous groups; (k) labour standards and occupational health and safety, including mine safety; and (l) historic and cultural preservation. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may result in civil or criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities, enjoining or curtailing operations, or requiring corrective measures, installation of additional equipment, or remedial actions, any of which could result in the Company incurring significant expenditures. The Company may also be required to compensate private parties suffering loss or damage by reason of a breach of such laws, regulations, or permitting requirements. It is also possible that future laws and regulations, or a more stringent enforcement of current laws and regulations by governmental authorities, could cause additional expenses, capital expenditures, restrictions on or suspensions of the Company's exploration activities, if any, and delays in the development of the Silver Sand Project.

The Company conducts operations in Bolivia. The laws of Bolivia differ significantly from those of Canada and all such laws are subject to change. Mining is subject to potential risks and liabilities associated with environment and disposal of waste products occurring as a result of mineral exploration and production.

Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may result in enforcement actions and may also include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions. Parties engaged in mining operations may

be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of mining activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws and regulations.

New laws and regulations, amendments to existing laws and regulations, administrative interpretation of existing laws and regulations, or more stringent enforcement of existing laws and regulations could have a material adverse impact on future cash flow, results of operations and the financial condition of the Company.

While the Company believes the contractual relationships and the structures it has in place with private Bolivian companies owned 100% by Bolivian nationals for the Silverstrike Project and the Carangas Project are, or in the case of the Carangas Project, will be certified as, once approved by the AJAM, legally compliant with Bolivian laws related to the Frontier Area, there is no assurance that:

(i) Minera Granville S.R.L. ("Granville") will be successful in obtaining approval of the mining association agreement from AJAM in the case of the Carangas Project or the conversion of the exploration licenses to AMCs in the case of the Carangas Project, or (ii) such contractual relationships and structures will not be challenged by other Bolivian organizations or communities.

The Company's mineral projects are subject to regulation by governmental agencies under various environmental laws. These laws address emissions into the air, discharges into water, management of waste, management of hazardous substances, protection of natural resources, antiquities and endangered species, and reclamation of lands disturbed by mining operations. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may require significant capital outlays on behalf of the Company and may cause material changes or delays in the Company's intended activities. There can be no assurance that future changes in environmental regulations will not adversely affect the Company's business, and it is possible that future changes in these laws or regulations could have a significant adverse impact on some portion of the Company's business, causing the Company to re-evaluate those activities at that time.

The Company's mineral projects are subject to a number of risks that may make it less successful than anticipated, including: (a) delays or higher than expected costs in implementing recommendations contained in the Silver Sand PFS Technical Report or other technical reports that may be prepared for the Company's mineral projects; (b) negative technical results and/or technical results that fail to deliver the required returns to render the ongoing development of the Silver Sand Project or the Company's other mineral projects; (c) delays in receiving environmental permits and/or social licenses; (d) delays in receiving construction and operating permits; (e) delays or higher than expected costs in obtaining the necessary equipment or services to build and operate the Silver Sand Project and the Company's other mineral projects; and (f) adverse mining conditions may delay and hamper the ability of the Company to produce the expected quantities of minerals.

The unprecedented events in global financial markets in the past several years, exacerbated by outbreaks of epidemics or pandemics and other global crises, have had a profound impact on the global economy. Many industries, including the mining industry, are impacted by these market conditions. Some of the key impacts of the current financial market turmoil include contraction in credit markets resulting in a widening of credit risk, devaluations, high volatility in global equity, commodity, foreign exchange and precious metal markets, and a lack of market liquidity. A continued or worsened slowdown in the financial markets or other economic conditions, including but not limited to, consumer spending, employment rates, business conditions, inflation, fuel and energy costs, consumer debt levels, lack of available credit, the state of the financial markets, interest rates, and tax rates may adversely affect the Company's business and industry. A number of issues related to economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on financial condition and results of operations of the Company, specifically: (a) the global credit/liquidity crisis could impact the cost and availability of financing and the Company's overall liquidity; (b) the volatility of metal prices would impact the revenues, profits, losses and cash flow of the Company; (c) continued recessionary pressures could adversely impact demand for the production from the Company's mineral projects, if any; and (d) volatile energy, commodity and consumables prices and currency exchange rates would impact the Company's production costs, if any.

New tariffs and evolving trade policy between the United States and other countries, including China, Bolivia and Canada, may have an adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations. There is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and various other countries, including China, Bolivia, and Canada, with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations and tariffs. Any increased restrictions or disruptions on international trade or significant increases in tariffs on goods could potentially disrupt the Company's existing supply chains and impose additional costs on the Company's business.

Although management has determined that there have been no material effects to date on its operations regarding these developments, management cannot predict future potentially adverse developments in the political climate involving China, Canada the United States and Bolivia and thus these may have an adverse and material impact in the future on the Company's operations and financial performance.

Neither the Silver Sand Project nor any of the Company's other mineral projects currently contain known amounts of commercial mineral deposits. The Company's program is exploratory only and there is no certainty that the expenditures to be made by the Company will result in the development of any commercial mineral deposits.

The potential of the Company's mineral projects to be economically mined is significantly affected by changes in the market price of metals. The market price of metals is volatile and is impacted by numerous factors beyond the control of the Company, including:

(a) expectations with respect to the rate of inflation; (b) the relative strength of the U.S. dollar and certain other currencies; (c) interest rates; (d) global or regional political or economic conditions; (e) supply and demand for jewelry and industrial products containing metals; and (f) sales by central banks, other holders, speculators, and producers of gold and other metals in response to any of the above factors. A decrease in the market price of metals could make it difficult or impossible to finance the exploration or development of the Company's mineral projects or cause the Company to determine that it is impractical to continue development of such projects, which would have a material adverse effect on the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. There can be no assurance that the market price of metals will not decrease.

The Company has no history of production and the Company's mineral projects are currently in the exploration stage. The future development of the Company's mineral projects will require additional financing, permits, design, construction, processing plant, and related infrastructure. As a result, the Company will be subject to all of the risks associated with establishing new mining operations and business enterprises, including: (a) the timing and cost, which will be considerable, of obtaining all necessary permits including environmental, construction, and operating permits; (b) the timing and cost, which will be considerable, of the construction of mining and processing facilities; (c) the availability and costs of skilled labour, power, water, transportation, and mining equipment; (d) the availability and cost of appropriate smelting and/or refining arrangements; (e) the need to obtain necessary environmental and other governmental approvals and permits, and the timing of those approvals and permits; and (f) the availability of funds to finance construction and development activities.

It is common in new mining operations to experience unexpected problems and delays during permitting, construction, development, and mine start-up. In addition, delays in the commencement of mineral production often occur, and once commenced, the production of a mine may not meet expectations or the estimates set forth in feasibility or other studies. Accordingly, there are no assurances that the Company will successfully establish mining operations or become profitable.

The mineralization figures presented in the Silver Sand PFS Technical Report are based upon estimates made by qualified persons. These estimates are imprecise and depend upon interpretation of geologic formations, grade, and metallurgical characteristics and upon statistical inferences drawn from drilling and sampling analysis, any or all of which may prove to be unreliable. Material changes in mineral resources or mineral reserves, grades, stripping ratios, or recovery rates may affect the economic viability of any project. Estimates can also be affected by such factors as environmental permitting regulations and requirements, weather, environmental factors, unforeseen technical difficulties, unusual or unexpected geological formations, and work interruptions. There can be no assurance that: (a) the estimates made by qualified persons upon which the mineralization figures presented in the Silver Sand PFS Technical Report are based will be accurate; (b) mineral resource or other mineralization figures will be accurate; or (c) this mineralization could be mined or processed profitably.

Mineralization estimates for the Silver Sand Project may require adjustments or downward revisions based upon further exploration or development work or the outcome of the MPC ratification and approval by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly of Bolivia. It is possible that the following may be encountered: unusual or unexpected geologic formations or other geological or grade problems, unanticipated changes in metallurgical characteristics and silver recovery, and unanticipated ground or earth conditions. If mining operations are commenced, the grade of mineralization ultimately mined, if any, may differ from that indicated by drilling results. Estimates of mineral recovery rates used in mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates are uncertain and there can be no assurance that mineral recovery rates in small scale tests will be duplicated in large scale tests under on-site conditions or in production scale.

The business of mining is subject to a number of risks and hazards including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, labour disputes, cave-ins, pit wall failures, flooding, fires, rock bursts, explosions, power outages, periodic interruptions due to inclement or hazardous weather conditions, and other acts of God or unfavourable operating conditions. Such risks could result in damage to, or destruction of, mineral properties or processing facilities, personal injury or death, loss of key employees, environmental damage, delays in mining, increased production costs, monetary losses, and possible legal liability.

Where considered practical to do so, the Company will maintain insurance against risks in the operation of its business in amounts which it believes to be reasonable. Such insurance, however, contains exclusions and limitations on coverage. There can be no assurance that such insurance will continue to be available, will be available at economically acceptable premiums, or will be adequate to cover any resulting liability. In some cases, coverage is not available or is considered too expensive relative to the perceived risk. The Company may suffer a material adverse effect on its business if it incurs losses related to any significant events that are not covered sufficiently or at all by its insurance policies.

The continuing development of the Company's mineral projects will depend upon the Company's ability to obtain financing on reasonable terms. There is no assurance the Company will be successful in obtaining the required financing. The failure to obtain such financing could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.

The mining industry is intensely competitive. The Company will compete with other mining companies, many of which have greater financial resources for the acquisition of mineral claims and concessions, as well as for the recruitment and retention of qualified employees. Increased competition could adversely affect the Company's ability to attract necessary capital funding.

All aspects of the Company's business activities require specialized skills and knowledge. Such skills and knowledge include the fields of geology, mining, metallurgy, engineering, environment issues, permitting, social issues, and accounting. While competition in the resource mining industry has made it more difficult to locate and retain competent employees in such fields, the Company has been successful in finding and retaining experts for the majority of its key activities in the past.

The Company is currently in compliance with all material environmental regulations applicable to its exploration, development, construction and operating activities. The financial and operational effects of environmental protection requirements on capital expenditures, earnings and non-capital expenditures during the most recently completed financial year were not material.

Establishing title to mineral properties is a very detailed and time-consuming process. Title to the area of mineral properties may be disputed. While the Company has investigated title to all of its mineral claims and, to the best of its knowledge, title to all of its properties are in good standing, the Company's mineral properties may be subject to prior unregistered agreements or transfers and title may be affected by such undetected defects. There may be valid challenges to the title of the Company's properties which, if successful, could impair exploration, development and/or operations. The Company's mineral properties may be subject to indigenous land claims, prior unregistered agreements or transfers and title may be affected by undetected defects. The Company cannot give any assurance that title to its properties will not be challenged. None of the Company's mineral properties have been surveyed, and the precise location and extent thereof may be in doubt.

Certain officers and directors of the Company are also directors, officers, employees, consultants or shareholders of other companies that are engaged in the business of acquiring, developing, and exploiting natural resource properties. Such associations may give rise to conflicts of interest from time to time. Such a conflict poses the risk that the Company may enter into a transaction on terms which place the Company in a worse position than if no conflict existed. The directors are required by law to act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the Company, and to disclose any interest which they may have in any project or opportunity of the Company. However, each director has a similar obligation to other companies for which such director serves as an officer or director. If a conflict of interest arises at a meeting of the Board, any director in a conflict will disclose his/her interest and abstain from voting on such matter. In determining whether or not the Company will participate in any project or opportunity, the Board will primarily consider the degree of risk to which the Company may be exposed and its financial position at that time.

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting, and used the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") to evaluate, with the participation of the CEO and CFO, the effectiveness of internal controls. The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes:

• maintaining records, that in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

• providing reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary for preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

• providing reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures are made in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and

• providing reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Company assets that could have a

material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements would be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO was effective as of June 30, 2025 and provided a reasonable assurance of the reliability of the Company's financial reporting and preparation of the financial statements.

No matter how well a system of internal control over financial reporting is designed, any system has inherent limitations. Even systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance of the reliability of financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, controls may become inadequate in the future because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with the Company's policies and procedures.

The failure to achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting on a timely basis could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of the financial statements, which in turn could harm the business and negatively impact the trading price of shares or market value of other securities. In addition, any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm the operating results or cause to fail to meet the reporting obligations. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to remediate material weaknesses, if any, identified in future periods, or maintain all of the controls necessary for continued compliance, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to retain sufficient skilled finance and accounting personnel, especially in light of the increased demand for such personnel among publicly traded companies. Future acquisitions of companies may provide the Company with challenges in implementing the required processes, procedures and controls in the acquired operations. Acquired companies may not have disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting that are as thorough or effective as those required by securities laws currently applicable to the Company.

The Company's operations are governed by, and involve interactions with, various levels of government in foreign countries. The Company is required to comply with anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, including the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (Canada) and the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar laws in Bolivia and other jurisdictions in which it operates. In recent years, there has been a general increase in both the frequency of enforcement and the severity of penalties under such laws, resulting in greater scrutiny and punishment to companies convicted of violating anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws. A company may be found liable for violations by not only its employees, but also by its contractors and third-party agents. The Company's internal procedures and programs may not always be effective in ensuring that it, its employees, contractors or third-party agents will comply strictly with all such applicable laws. If the Company becomes subject to an enforcement action or is found to be in violation of such laws, this may have a material adverse effect on the Company's reputation, result in significant penalties or sanctions, and have a material adverse effect on the Company's operations.

Due to the nature of its business, the Company may be subject to regulatory investigations, claims, lawsuits and other proceedings in the ordinary course of its business. The results of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty due to the uncertainty inherent in litigation, including the discovery of evidence process, the difficulty of predicting decisions of judges and juries and the possibility that decisions may be reversed on appeal. There can be no assurances that these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business.

No assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of future litigation or regulatory proceedings, and the amount of any damages awarded or penalties assessed in such a proceeding could be substantial. In addition to monetary damages and penalties, the allegations made in connection with the proceedings may have a material adverse effect on the reputation of the Company and may impact its ability to conduct operations in the normal course.

Litigation and regulatory proceedings also require significant resources to be expended by the directors, officers and employees of the Company and as a result, the diversion of such resources could materially affect the ability of the Company to conduct its operations in the normal course of business. Significant fees and expenses may be incurred by the Company in connection with the investigation and defense of litigation and regulatory proceedings. The Company may also be obligated to indemnify certain directors, officers, employees and experts for additional legal and other expenses pursuant to such proceedings, which additional costs may be substantial and could have a negative effect on the Company's future operating results. The Company may be able to recover certain costs and expenses incurred in connection with such matters from its insurer. However, there can be no assurance regarding when or if the insurer will reimburse the Company for such costs and expenses.

Investors in the U.S. or in other jurisdictions outside of Canada may have difficulty bringing actions and enforcing judgments against the Company, its directors, its executive officers and some of the experts named in this AIF based on civil liabilities provisions of the

U.S. federal securities laws, other laws in the U.S. state(s) in or the equivalent laws of other jurisdictions of residence.

Operations in Bolivia are subject to foreign currency exchange fluctuations. The Company raises its funds through equity issuances which are priced in Canadian dollars, and the majority of the exploration costs of the Company are denominated in U.S. dollars and/or the Bolivian boliviano. The Company may suffer losses due to adverse foreign currency fluctuations. The Company does not actively hedge against foreign currency fluctuations.

The Company is highly dependent upon its senior management and other key personnel, and the loss of any such individuals could have a materially adverse effect on the business of the Company. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain the services of its officers or other key personnel required in the operation of the business. Failure to retain these individuals could adversely impact the Company's business and prospects.

Over recent years worldwide securities markets, including those in the U.S. and Canada, have experienced a high level of price and volume volatility. Accordingly, the market price of securities of many mining companies, particularly those considered exploration or development-stage companies, have experienced unprecedented shifts and/or declines in price which have not necessarily been related to the underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. As a consequence, despite the Company's past success in securing equity financing, market forces may render it difficult or impossible for the Company to secure investors to participate in new share issues at an attractive price for the Company, or at all. Therefore, there can be no assurance that significant fluctuations in the trading price of the Shares will not occur, or that such fluctuations will not have a material adverse impact on the Company's ability to raise equity funding.

To date, the Company has not paid dividends on any of its Shares and the Company is not required to pay any dividends on the Shares in the foreseeable future. Any decision to pay dividends will be made on the basis of the Company's earnings, financial requirements and other conditions.

Many industries, including the mining industry, are impacted by market conditions. Some of the key impacts of the recent financial market turmoil include emerging risks relating to the contraction in credit markets resulting in a widening of credit risk, devaluations and high volatility in global equity, commodity, foreign exchange and precious metals markets, and a lack of market liquidity. A continued or worsened slowdown in the financial markets or other economic conditions, including but not limited to, consumer spending, employment rates, business conditions, inflation, fuel and energy costs, consumer debt levels, lack of available credit, the state of the financial markets, interest rates, and tax rates may adversely affect the Company's growth and profitability. Specifically: the volatility of silver, lead and zinc prices may impact the Company's revenues, profits, losses and cash flow; volatile energy prices, commodity and consumable prices and currency exchange rates would impact the Company's production costs; and the devaluation and volatility of global stock markets may impact the valuation of the Company's equity and other securities. These factors could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

An investment in the Company is speculative and may result in the loss of a substantial portion of an investor's investment. Only potential investors who are experienced in high-risk investments and who can afford to lose a substantial portion of their investment should consider an investment in the Company.

There is no guarantee that an investment in the Company will earn any positive return in the short term or long term.

The Company is subject to cybersecurity risks including unauthorized access to privileged information, destroy data or disable, degrade or sabotage our systems, including through the introduction of computer viruses. Although we take steps to secure our configurations and manage our information system, including our computer systems, internet sites, emails and other

telecommunications, and financial/geological data, there can be no assurance that measures we take to ensure the integrity of our systems will provide protection, especially because cyberattack techniques used change frequently or are not recognized until successful. The Company has not experienced any material cybersecurity incident in the past, but there can be no assurance that the Company would not experience in the future. If our systems are compromised, do not operate properly or are disable, we could suffer financial loss, disruption of business, loss of geology data which could affect our ability to conduct effective mine planning and accurate mineral resources estimates, loss of financial data which could affect our ability to provide accurate and timely financial reporting.

As at June 30, 2025, the Company considers the Silver Sand Project and Carangas Project to be its material properties for the purposes of NI 43-101.

The Silver Sand Project is located approximately 36 km north-east of the Cerro Rico de Potosí silver and base metal mine, 46 km south-west of the city of Sucre, and 33 km north-east of the city of Potosí.

The Silver Sand Project is accessed from Sucre and Potosí by travelling along a paved highway to the community of Don Diego, and then north from Don Diego along a 27 km, maintained all-weather gravel road. Don Diego is accessed by driving 129 km to southwest from Sucre, or 29 km to the north-east from Potosí along paved Highway 5.

The Silver Sand Project is situated approximately within the central section of the Cordillera Oriental of Bolivia and consists of rolling hills with elevations ranging from 3,900 to 4,100 masl. Due to the high elevation, the Silver Sand Project area has a cold, semi-arid desert climate despite the region's location approximately 19 degrees south of the equator.

The region experiences a rainy season in the warmer summer months from December to mid-April which contributes approximately 80% of the average annual precipitation of 393 millimetres ("mm"). The driest period is from May to August with very little precipitation. Overall, the climate is mild and is amendable to year-round mining. Vegetation on the Silver Sand Project is poorly developed and mainly consists of sparsely scattered low grasses and shrubs. In valleys below 4,000 m elevation, some eucalyptus trees are grown. Animals such as alpacas, llamas, vicunas, and guanacos are common in the Cordillera Oriental.

The Silver Sand Project is located in the south section of the polymetallic silver-tin belt in the Eastern Cordillera of the Central Andes, Bolivia. The oldest rocks observed within the Silver Sand Project comprise Ordovician to Silurian marine, clastic sediments which have been intensely folded and faulted.

Bedrock in the Silver Sand Project area mainly consists of weakly deformed Cretaceous continental sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone and the strongly deformed Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks. The Cretaceous sedimentary sequence forms an open syncline which plunges gently NNW and is bounded to the SW and NE by NW trending faults.

The Cretaceous sedimentary sequence within the Silver Sand Project is divided into the lower La Puerta Formation and the upper Tarapaya Formation. The La Puerta Formation consists of sandstones and unconformably overlies the highly folded Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks. The Tarapaya Formation conformably overlies the La Puerta sandstones in the central part of the Silver Sand Project and comprises siltstones and mudstones intercalated with minor sandstone.

Both the Cretaceous and Paleozoic sedimentary sequences are intruded by numerous small Miocene subvolcanic dacitic porphyry intrusions.

The Silver Sand Project exhibits a variety of geometries and morphology of the mineralized bodies which are controlled and hosted by local structures of tectonic transfer nature. Some are evident in outcrops, but the best examples are observed in drill cores and in underground workings. Mineralized structures usually appear as steps-overs developed between two neighbouring fault / vein segments that exhibit an echelon arrangement and may or may not be connected by lower-ranking faults / vein. These types of structures are of fractal type, which implies that they repeat their geometry, regardless of the observation scale, in arrangements of sigmoid (jogs), echelon, subparallel stepped, relay, horsetails, and extensional nets (swarms).

11 mineralized prospects have been identified across the Silver Sand Project to date. These include the Silver Sand deposit and the El Fuerte, San Antonio, Aullagas, Snake Hole, Mascota, Esperanza, North Plain, Jisas, Jardan, El Bronce, occurrences. Silver Sand, Snake Hole, Jisas, El Bronce, Aullagas, Mascota and Esperanza have been tested by drilling. Another nine prospects were defined by rock chip and grab sampling of ancient and recent artisanal mine workings and dumps and remain to be drill tested. Exploration results from surface outcrops and underground workings defined a silver mineralized belt 7.5 km long and 2 km wide.

At the Silver Sand deposit mineralization has been traced for more than 2,000 m along strike, to a maximum width of about 680 m and a dip extension of more than 250 m.

Four mineralization styles have been recognized in the Silver Sand Project, and these in order of importance are: (1) sandstone-hosted silver mineralization, (2) porphyritic dacitic-hosted silver mineralization, (3) diatream breccia-hosted silver mineralization, and (4) manto-type tin and base metal mineralization.

The mineralization in the Silver Sand Project comprises silver-containing sulphosalts and sulphides occurring within sheeted veins, stockworks, veinlets, breccia infill and disseminated within host rocks. The most common silver-bearing minerals include freibergite [(Ag,Cu,Fe)12(Sb,As)4S13], miargyrite [AgSbS2], polybasite [(Ag,Cu)6(Sb,As)2S7] [Ag9CuS4], bournonite [PbCuSbS3] (some lattices of copper may be replaced by silver), andorite [PbAgSb3S6], and boulangerite [Pb5Sb4S11] (some lattices of lead may be replaced by silver). Most silver mineralization is hosted in La Puerta sandstone units with minor amounts in porphyritic dacite and diatreme breccia.

Silver mineralization is hosted by faults, fractures, fissures, and crackle breccia zones in the Cretaceous La Puerta (brittle) sandstone and porphyritic dacitic dikes, laccolith, and stocks. In the mineralized sandstone, open spaces are filled with silver-containing sulphosalts and sulphides in forms of sheeted veins, stockworks, and veinlets, as well as breccia fillings and minor disseminations. Most silver mineralization in the Silver Sand Project is structurally controlled with secondary rheological controls. The intensity of mineralization is dependent on the frequency of various mineralized vein structures developed in the brittle host rocks.

Silver and base metal mineralization in the Silver Sand Project was formed during the regional uplifting and erosion process associated with the Tertiary orogenic events in the Eastern Cordillera. The genetic model of silver and tin mineralization in the Silver Sand Project is a magmatic-hydrothermal system related to a deep-seated magmatic centre.

Since October 2017, New Pacific has carried out an extensive property-scale reconnaissance investigation program by surface and underground sampling of the mineralization outcrops and the accessible ancient underground mine workings across the Silver Sand Project.

1,046 rock chip samples were collected from 35 separate outcrops by New Pacific. Continuous chip samples were collected at 1.5 m intervals along lines roughly perpendicular to the strike direction of the mineralization zones. Sample lines covered a total length of 2,863 m. Most of the sampled outcrops are located above or near old mine workings.

New Pacific has also mapped and sampled 65 historical mine workings comprising 5,780 m of underground tunnels. A total of 1,171 continuous chip samples has been collected at 1 - 2 m intervals along walls of available tunnels that cut across the mineralized zones.

Mine dumps from historical mining activities are scattered across a significant portion of the Silver Sand Project. New Pacific has collected a total of 1,408 grab samples from historical mine dumps. The majority of samples collected were remnants of high-grade narrow veins extracted from underground mining activity. Of the 1,408 samples collected from historical mine dumps to date, 439 samples (31%) returned assay results between 30 and 3,290 g/t Ag with an average grade of 194 g/t Ag.

Assay results of underground chip samples and surface mine dump grab samples show that silver mineralization widely occurs in the wall rocks of the previously mined-out high-grade veins in the abandoned ancient underground mining works.

From October 2017 to July 2022, New Pacific conducted intensive diamond drilling programs on the Silver Sand Project totaling 139,920 m in 564 drillholes. A total of 523 HQ diamond holes for a total metreage of 128,074 m was drilled over the Silver Sand core area to define the mineralization. After drilling specific exploration targets, holes were drilled on a 50 m x 50 m grid to delineate the spatial extensions of the major mineralized zones. This was followed up by drilling on a nominal 25 x 25 m grid, infilling defined areas of mineralization. Drilling was halted during 2020 and part 2021 due to COVID-19 protocols and recommenced later in 2021.

All holes were drilled from the surface. Drillholes were drilled up to 545 m deep at inclinations between -45° and -80° towards azimuths of 060° (~NE) and 220° (~SW) to intercept the principal trend of mineralized vein structures perpendicularly.

The drilling programs have covered an area of approximately 1,600 m long in the north-south direction and 800 m wide in the east-west direction and have defined silver mineralization at the Silver Sand deposit over an oblique strike length of 2 km, a collective width of 650 m and to a depth of 250 m below surface.

Drill coring was completed using conventional HQ (64 mm diameter) equipment and 3 m drill rods. Drill collars are surveyed using a Real-Time Kinematic differential global positioning system (GPS), and downhole deviation surveys are completed by the drilling contractor using a REFLEX EZ-SHOT and SPT GyroMaster downhole survey tools. Drillholes are surveyed at a depth of approximately 20 m, and on approximately 30 m intervals as drilling progresses. Upon completion of each drillhole a concrete monument is constructed with the hole details inscribed.

Core is collected by New Pacific personnel and drill core containing visible mineralization is wrapped in paper to minimize disturbance during transport. Logging is both carried out at the rig where a quick log is completed, and after transportation to the company's

Betanzos core processing facility, which is located approximately 1.5 hours drive from the Silver Sand Project. Currently data is directly collected or loaded into MX Deposit a database software from Sequent.

In addition to drilling in the Silver Sand core area, drilling was carried out at Snake Hole (32 drillholes for 7,457 m) and at the northern prospects, (nine drillholes for 4,298 m). These holes were more exploratory in nature but the same procedures as the grid drilling in the core area were employed.

Core recovery from the drill programs varies between 0% (voids and overburden) and 100%, averaging 97%. More than 92% of core intervals have a core recovery of greater than 95%.

New Pacific has developed and implemented good standard procedures for sample preparation, analytical, and security protocols.

New Pacific manages all aspects of sampling from the collection of samples, to sample delivery to the laboratory. All samples are stored and processed at the Betanzos facility. This facility is surrounded by a brick wall, has a locked gate, and is monitored by video surveillance and security guard 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Within the facility, there are separate and locked areas for core logging, sampling, and storage.

Samples are transported on a weekly basis by New Pacific personnel from the Betanzos facility to the ALS laboratories (ALS) in Oruro, Bolivia for sample preparation, and then shipped to ALS in Lima, Peru for geochemical analysis. ALS Oruro and ALS Lima are part of ALS Global - an independent commercial laboratory specializing in analytical geochemistry services, all of which are accredited in accordance with ISO/IES 17025:2017, and are independent of New Pacific.

All core, chip, and grab samples are prepared using the following procedures: (1) crush to 70% less than 2 mm; (2) riffle split off 250 g; and (3) pulverize split to better than 85% passing a 75-micron sieve.

Sample analysis in 2017 and 2018 comprised an aqua regia digest followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES) analysis of Ag, Pb, and Zn (ALS code OG46). Assay results greater than 1,500 g/t Ag were sent for fire assay and gravimetric finish analysis. In 2019 New Pacific changed its analysis protocol to include systematic multielement analysis for an initial 51 element ICP mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis. Over-limit samples were handled differently for different elements and protocols were further amended for the 2021-2022 drilling.

Drill programs have included QA/QC monitoring programs which have incorporated the insertion of certified reference materials ("CRMs"), blanks, and duplicates into the sample streams, and umpire (check) assays at a separate laboratory at different times.

Four different CRMs have been used throughout Silver Sand Project's history. A total of 4,495 CRMs was submitted between October 2017 and July 2022 representing an average overall insertion rate of 5%. Insertion rates for CRMs have been consistently above 5% on a yearly basis with the exception of 2019.

Blank material from two different quarry sites has been used over time and coarse blanks have been inserted consistently at an acceptable insertion rate. While there have been some changes in failure criteria, there has been no evidence of systemic contamination and failures are dealt with by a re-assay protocol. Pulp blank samples have been inserted since 2021, but at a low insertion rate of less than 2.5%. Duplicates are also inserted, comprising field duplicates, coarse duplicates and pulp duplicates. In 2021 and 2022 they have been consistently included but at a rate of between 3.65% and 4.07%. Coarse rejects were also submitted to Actlabs Skyline as umpire samples in the 2017 to 2019 period. Actlabs Skyline is an independent geochemical laboratory certified according to ISO 9001:2015.

The QP has reviewed the QA/QC procedures used by New Pacific including certified reference materials, blank, duplicate and umpire data and has made some recommendations. The QP does not consider these to have a material impact on the Mineral Resource estimate and considers the assay database to be adequate for Mineral Resource estimation. The QP considers sample preparation, security, and analytical procedures employed by New Pacific to be adequate.

The Mineral Resource estimate was completed using 556 drillholes on the Silver Sand Project comprising 136,220 m of diamond core and 92,164 assays. Grade interpolation was completed for silver, lead, zinc, copper, arsenic, and sulphur. Only silver is reported as it is the only economic metal. All estimation utilized ordinary kriging (OK) except for 127 small domains which were estimated using the inverse distance squared (ID2) method.

The mineralization domains were built by New Pacific using Leapfrog Geo 4.0 software. The mineralization domains were reviewed and accepted by the QP with some changes, including separating the main domain into two areas based on vein orientation.

The QP estimated into these domains and also estimated a background block model that was combined with the domain mineralization to form the final block model.

New Pacific performed 6,297 bulk density measurements on the core drilled on the Silver Sand Project. As the mineralization is hosted in one rock type, after reviewing the density data, the QP assigned a single bulk density measurement to the block model of 2.54 t/m³.

The pit-constrained Mineral Resources are reported for blocks above a conceptual pit shell based on a US$22.50/ounce silver price. There is not a reporting restriction to within the AMC claim boundary as in the 2020 Technical Report as an agreement has been reached with COMIBOL in regard to the surrounding MPC.

The cut-off applied for reporting the pit-constrained Mineral Resources is 30 g/t silver. Assumptions made to derive a cut-off grade (COG) included mining costs, processing costs and recoveries and were obtained from comparable industry situations. The model is depleted for historical mining activities. The assumptions are shown in Table 5.1.2.

Table 5.5.2 Assumptions for pit optimization

Notes:

• Sustaining capital cost has not been included.

• Measured, Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources included. Source: AMC Mining Consultants (Canada) Ltd., 2022.

  The Mineral Resource for the Silver Sand deposit has been estimated by Ms. Dinara Nussipakynova, P.Geo. Principal Geologist of BBA, formerly employed with AMC Consultants, who takes responsibility for the estimate.

  Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

  Table 5.5.3 Mineral Resource as of 31 October 2022

  Resource category	Tonnes (Mt)	Ag (g/t)	Ag (Moz)
  Measured	14.88	131	62.60
  Indicated	39.38	110	139.17
  Measured & Indicated	54.26	116	201.77
  Inferred	4.56	88	12.95

  Notes:

  CIM Definition Standards (2014) were used for reporting the Mineral Resources.

• The QP is Dinara Nussipakynova, P.Geo. of BBA, formerly employed with AMC Consultants.

• Mineral Resources are constrained by optimized pit shells at a metal price of US$22.50/oz Ag, recovery of 91% Ag, and COG of 30 g/t Ag.

• Drilling results up to 25 July 2022.

• The numbers may not compute exactly due to rounding.

• Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. Source: AMC Mining Consultants (Canada) Ltd., 2022.

  Mineral Reserves

  Open pit LOM plans and resulting open pit Mineral Reserves are determined based on a silver price of US$23.00/oz. Reserves stated in the report are dated effective as of June 19, 2024. The mine design and Mineral Reserve estimate have been completed to a level appropriate for prefeasibility studies.

  Ore is converted from Mineral Resource to Mineral Reserve based primarily on positive cash flow pit optimization results, pit design, and geological classification of Measured and Indicated resources. The in-situ value is derived from the estimated grade and certain modifying factors.

  In the process of estimating the Mineral Reserves, dilution and mining recovery factors were applied to the Mineral Resource using a block model regularization process. AMC Consultants regularized the resource model to a uniform size of 5 m x 5 m x 5 m to better reflect the minimum parcel size that can selectively be mined.

  The Silver Sand Project will be mined using a conventional open pit mining method, utilizing 115 t hydraulic backhoe excavators and haulage by off-highway 72 t capacity rear dump haul trucks. Mining is anticipated to be completed by a contract mining company. The majority of the excavated material will require drilling and blasting. Drilling and blasting will be performed on 10 m benches. Flitch height is variable depending on the material being mined. Overburden and waste will be mined in 5 m flitches and ore is to be mined in 3.3 m flitches. Ore will be hauled to a crusher or to run-of-mine (ROM) stockpiles. Waste will be hauled to external and in-pit waste rock dumps.

  The pseudoflow pit optimization algorithm, as implemented in GEOVIA Whittle software, was used to determine the ultimate pit shell for the Silver Sand Project. The selected pit shells were then used to produce pit designs and the mining schedule.

  The open pit Mineral Reserves are reported within a pit design based on open pit optimization results. The Mineral Reserves represent the economically mineable part of Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources and are presented in Table 5.1.4.

  Table 5.5.4 Mineral Reserve estimate as of 19 June 2024

  	Tonnes (Mt)	Ag (g/t)	Ag (Moz)
  Proven	15.09	121	58.84
  Probable	36.92	98	116.58
  Proven & Probable	52.01	105	175.42

  Notes:

• CIM Definition Standards (2014) were used for reporting the Mineral Reserves.

• The Qualified Person is Wayne Rogers, P.Eng. of AMC Consultants.

• Cut-off grade of 27 g/t Ag for material inside the AMC, and 29 g/t Ag outside the AMC limit based on operating costs of 16.71 US$/t of ore, 91% Ag metallurgical recovery, 0.50 US$/oz Ag treatment and selling costs, 6% royalty within AMC, 12% royalty outside AMC, and 99.00% payable silver.

• Ag price assumed is US$23.00 per troy ounce.

• Base mine unit cost of 2.00 $/t mined plus an incremental mining cost of 0.04 $/t mined per 10 m bench.

• Ore mining costs including a process unit cost of 14.20 $/t milled, tailing storage facility ("TSF") 0.65 $/t milled, and G&A 1.86 $/t milled.

• Mineral Reserves include dilution and mining recovery.

• Reserves are converted from Resources through the process of pit optimization, pit design, production schedule, and supported by a positive cash flow model.

• The totals may not sum due to rounding.

• Probable Mineral Reserves are based on Indicated Mineral Resources only.

• Proven Mineral Reserves are based on Measured Mineral Resources only.

• Ag metal (Moz) represents contained metal. Source: AMC Mining Consultants (Canada) Ltd., 2024.

  The QP is not aware of any other factors, including environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-economic, marketing and political or other relevant factors, which could materially affect the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserves.

  Mining methods The Silver Sand open pit is comprised of one main pit that is split into eight sub-phases (MP1-8). It will be mined using a conventional open pit approach of drilling and blasting ore and waste rock, with material mined by hydraulic excavators loading into off-highway rear dump haul trucks.

  The open pit will be dewatered using horizontally drilled drain holes and pumping from sumps. Where possible, diversion ditches will be built upslope of the pit to divert non-contact water. The dewatering plan is staged to incorporate additional dewatering measures as the mine plan expands over the LOM. Additional work is recommended as part of future studies to improve the understanding of the shallow groundwater system, dewatering conditions required for major and local fault structures, and the overall hydrogeological system.

  For the PFS study, the geological model, structural models, hydrogeological model, and rock mass characterization have been developed with variable levels of confidence. The 3D geotechnical model has allowed the geotechnical slope design parameters to be developed. The pit design criteria are appropriate and comply with industry norms. Methodologies used for the slope design are sound and to international standards. The extent of the weathered horizon and slope stability under seismic conditions have not been considered in the geotechnical slope design and should be explored in future studies.

  The pit was designed with 20 m high benches (10 m double benches). Pit ramps were designed with a maximum gradient of 10%, at 21 m wide for double-lane traffic and 12 m wide for single-lane traffic. The bottom three benches of the pit were designed with single-lane access, with one final sub-excavation bench (also known as a "goodbye cut") in the final pit floor. The pit is approximately 2,300 m in length, 350 m to 700 m in width, and 280 m at its deepest point.

  The open pit contains approximately 52.0 Mt of ore with a grade of 105 g/t Ag and 181.9 Mt of waste material, with an overall waste to mineralized material strip ratio of 3.50 to 1.

  The open pit operation includes a two-year pre-production period (Years -2 & -1) and 13 years of production.

  During the pre-production period, the schedule is driven predominately by waste stripping to achieve TSF embankment construction requirements. Other activities during the pre-production period include haul road construction, mine development, and some ore stockpiling.

  ROM stockpiles will be constructed near the plant for low-grade, medium-grade, and high-grade ore. The ore stockpiles will be used to allow for blending of the different grades of ore to provide a constant feed grade to the plant for sustained periods which will assist in maximizing metallurgical recovery. A maximum long-term stockpile capacity of 4.40 Mt is required.

  Six dumping areas for waste material are planned; these include two in-pit dumps and four external dumps. Upstream of the open pit, a water dam will be constructed in the Machacamarca Creek valley using waste rock from initial waste stripping. The Valley dump, located north of the water dam, will also be constructed to establish access to the mining phases north of the creek. Waste material

  will also be used to construct the embankment for the TSF. Later in the mine life, waste will be dumped into depleted pits to take advantage of shorter haul distances.

  An ex-pit production rate of 18.0 Mtpa is adequate to achieve the plant feed target of 4.0 Mtpa. MP1, MP5, and MP7 are mined first in Year -2 and waste material from these phases is used to construct the water dam and TSF embankment. Two years of pre-production mining are required to achieve the TSF embankment and water dam construction requirements. Once the water dam is constructed, higher-value phases MP2, MP3, and MP4 are mined as the mining schedule targets high-grade and low strip-ratio ore. Mining in MP7 is expedited to take advantage of short-hauling waste from MP8, towards the end of mining.

  Processing and metallurgy

  The results of PFS metallurgical testwork have been used together with previous PEA testwork to progressively de-risk a straightforward mineral processing flowsheet for the Silver Sand Project. Interpretation of this testwork has been used as the basis for PFS level process design criteria (PDC), mass / water / metal balances, process flowsheet and equipment specification. The PFS process plant flowsheet is described in detail in Section 17 of the Silver Sand PFS Technical Report.

  The 2022 PEA conclusions regarding the process flowsheet and equipment type have been validated by the work completed as part of the PFS. In addition, more comprehensive sample collection and characterization of these samples have enhanced the metallurgical body of knowledge for the Silver Sand Project and allowed further optimization of input parameters such as grinding size, leaching time, cyanide dosage, and oxygen levels.

  Agitated tank cyanidation, followed by counter current decantation (CCD) and zinc precipitation is still considered the optimum processing route when factors such as updated metallurgical performance, capital costs, and mine production schedules are considered. Various parameters affecting the performance of this flowsheet have been adjusted and updated, and the PFS base case represents a further de-risking of the processing aspects of the Silver Sand Project.

• The selected flowsheet represents a very conventional, proven approach to silver extraction that is similar to other operations in Bolivia. The flowsheet consists of the following unit operations:

• ROM receiving, single stage (primary) crushing, and crushed rock storage.

• Stockpile discharge, grinding via SAG milling and ball milling.

• SAG mill pebble crushing via SAG mill pebble ports, scalping screen, recycle conveyors, and cone crusher.

• Pre-leach thickening of the classified mill circuit product, and cyanide leaching of the thickener underflow using agitated, oxygen sparged tanks.

• Liquid / solid separation using a four-stage CCD circuit.

• Recovery of silver from pregnant leach solution using a zinc precipitation process followed by drying and smelting with fluxes to produce silver doré bars.

• Thickening and filtration of leach residues.

• Conveying of filter cake and long-term storage at the tailings storage area.

As copper will be recovered into solution along with silver, and some dissolved copper is expected to be cemented together with silver, a small copper removal leach circuit will be required within the refinery to maintain good doré quality and/or reduce circulating copper concentrations.

The PFS flowsheet is projected to recover an average of 90% silver into a doré product for export to established international markets.

As a greenfield project, the Silver Sand Project will require the development of supporting infrastructure. The Silver Sand Project is accessible from Potosí via a 54 km long road made up of a 27 km stretch of the paved Bolivia National Highway 5 and an all-season gravel road built for mining in the Colavi District. The gravel road is currently being widened and upgraded to a paved road by the government.

The Silver Sand Project is estimated to require a power supply of approximately 25 megawatts (MW) of electricity, which will be provided by Bolivia's national power supply company, ENDE Transmission S.A (ENDE). A preliminary power supply plan between ENDE and New Pacific has been discussed and the Company has submitted a power supply application to the Bolivia Ministry of Energy.

The new 55 km 115 kV transmission line will connect the existing ENDE Potosí substation and a new substation that will be constructed at the Silver Sand site. ENDE has provided a quotation to the Company for the construction of the power line and the substation. Additionally, ENDE will be responsible for permitting and constructing the transmission line and the substation, which is estimated to take up to two years.

A rockfill water dam with an upstream geomembrane liner will be built upstream from the mine. The reservoir developed behind the dam will have a maximum capacity of approximately 3.0 million cubic metres and will provide water for the Silver Sand Project.

The filtered TSF will be integrated within the waste rock storage area and located to the south of the mine and process plant. The TSF will be fully lined to protect the local surface and groundwater systems. A leachate collection system will be installed below the liner system to collect any seepage and direct it to the run-off collection ponds.

An initial berm of mine waste rock will be constructed on the south and east sides of the TSF to provide structural support for the tailings and liner system.

A starter TSF cell will be developed along the western perimeter of the waste rock storage facility, with sufficient capacity to store tailings from the first year of operations. The perimeter of the TSF will be raised as waste rock becomes available from mining operations and the liner system is extended over the operating LOM.

It is expected that most of Silver Sand Project's employees will commute from Potosí or other nearby communities. However, a camp with capacity for 100 people has been projected for workers not residing in the local area.

Other infrastructure such as offices, mobile equipment maintenance shop, fuel storage, warehouse, and laboratory are envisaged to be built close to the processing plant.

Figure 5.1.1 shows the proposed site layout with open pits, waste dumps, process plant, filtered TSF, ore stockpile area, crusher, site access road, and haul roads.

Figure 5.1.1 Preliminary site infrastructure layout

To obtain the environmental license for the Silver Sand Project in the department of Potosí, New Pacific is preparing studies and activities that will allow it to provide a comprehensive Analytical Environmental Impact Assessment Study ("EEIA-AI") in accordance with the current environmental legislation in force in the Plurinational State of Bolivia.

Following the completion of the EEIA-AI, New Pacific will commence the mandatory public consultation process, which occurs late in the Bolivian mine permitting process. A notarized act is formed as part of the consultation process. It is a legal document that will contain the points and aspects of conformity and observations of the community on the mining operation in public consultation and the socio-environmental impact that it could generate.

The mining law in Bolivia establishes that a mining operator must establish an accounting provision to cover the cost of closing operations, however, it does not establish other environmental guarantees as is the case in other countries in the Andean region.