Grid Metals : Management Discussion and Analysis for period ending December 31, 2024

About this update from Grid Metals Corp.

GRID METALS CORP. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS DECEMBER 31, 2024 This Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2024 consolidated financial statements of Grid Metals Corp. ("Grid" or the "Company"), which have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"). This MD&A includes certain statements that may be deemed "forward-looking statements". All statements in this discussion, other than statements of historical fact, that address future exploration activities and events or developments that the Company expects, are forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Additional information can be found on SEDAR, www.sedar.com. All amounts are in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise noted. DATE The date of this MD&A is April 24, 2025. SUMMARY Grid Metals Corp. is currently focused on the exploration and development of its critical metals projects located in southeastern Manitoba, Canada. The primary projects of interest at the date hereof are the Makwa Ni-Cu-PGE Property (which is subject to an option and joint venture agreement with Teck Resources Limited ) and the Falcon West rare metal property where cesium is the current focus. Geographically, the Company is primarily focused on the Bird River region of southeastern Manitoba where its Makwa Mayville base metals properties, Donner Lithium and Falcon West properties are located. During 2024, Grid completed drilling at the Donner Lithium Property, the Falcon West Property and the Eagle (Cu-Ni) Property (part of the Mayville Complex). In addition, the Company completed a number of geophysical surveys last fall in order to support more effective target generation at these properties Importantly, just prior to year end, the Company signed an Option and Joint Venture Agreement with Teck Resources Limited ("the Teck Agreement") to explore the Makwa Property for high-grade massive sulfide nickel deposits. Base Metals The Option and Joint Venture Agreement with Teck Resources Limited was executed in December 2024 and is focused on nickel as the primary commodity. The target Makwa Property occupies the central part of the Bird River Greenstone Belt and now incorporates the neighboring Gossan Property, which was acquired in 2023 -consolidating Grid's land position in this part of the Belt. Grid is progressing towards an initial drill program later in 2025 incorporating the considerable historical exploration data, new field observations and a recently flown heliborne VTEM geophysical survey. The boundary area between the Makwa and Gossan properties is of particular interest given the extensive mineralization and the quality and quantity of geophysical anomalies noted there. The goal of the exploration program with Teck is to make a significant nickel-rich massive sulfide discovery(ies). Lithium and Cesium Lithium prices continued to fall sharply through 2024 and there is an uncertain timeline for price recovery. Given these facts, the Company decided to suspend its lithium (spodumene) development activities at the Donner property. However, as a result of Grids' lithium exploration activities over the past three years, it became evident that some of Grid's lithium properties are also enriched in a very rare cesium-rich mineral, pollucite. Pollucite is the principal feedstock for the global cesium chemicals industry and has been found at both the Donner and Falcon West rare metals properties. Strategically, the facts that: (1) some peer companies with similar pollucite mineralization have had strong, recent investor support (e.g. Power Metals Corp.); and (2) the world's largest cesium chemicals plant owned by the Tantalum mining Corporation of Canada Ltd. ("Tanco") is ideally located between the Donner and Falcon West projects, has prompted to the Company to make a serious assessment of the potential to define a significant pollucite resource at these properties. In this regard, the Company has turned its attention to the Lucy target area at its Falcon West property, where several historical and recent drill holes have intersected near surface, high grade cesium values. A comprehensive drill program to fully characterize the cesium potential at Falcon West is being planned for mid-2025, subject to permitting. In summary, the Company is currently focused on two projects with near term upside, viz. : (1) The Makwa JV property with Teck (nickel); and, (2) the Falcon West rare metals project (cesium). Above: Property map showing location of properties in southeastern Manitoba. Fiscal 2024 Key Operational Highlights Donner Lithium Drilling During the first quarter of 2024, a total of 4,031 metres in 34 drill holes were completed at the Donner Lithium Property to achieve three primary objectives. Firstly, infill drilling was completed at the Northwest Dyke to support a future upgrading of the current inferred lithium resource. Secondly, two holes were drilled to test for a down-dip extension of the prevailing Main Dyke lithium resource. Thirdly, a program of large diameter (HQ) core drilling was completed at both the Main and Northwest dykes to provide >1 tonne of spodumene-rich pegmatite from within the current resource shells for future mineralogical and metallurgical testwork. The Northwest Dyke results were in line with those in the 2023 resource delineation drilling program. The two Main Dyke extension holes successfully intersected the dyke at vertical depths of 70m and 130m below the previous, deepest drill intercepts - confirming the potential for an expansion of the underground resources with additional drilling. The metallurgical drilling successfully delivered the targeted mass of core for future testwork. Above: Drill intercepts from 2024 drilling below the Main Dyke resource at the Donner Lithium Property. Throughout 2023 and extending into Q1 2024, the work program at the Donner lithium property was focused on progressing the project towards development based initially on a toll milling arrangement with 1911 Gold Corp. involving the latter's True North Mill in Bissett. In 2023, the Company entered into a lease agreement with 1911 Gold with the intention of retrofitting the True North Mill to process spodumene ore from Donner. Over the course of the year, the terms of the mill lease were renegotiated and ultimately, in light of the sharp fall in global lithium prices, the plans to toll ore at the True North Mill were abandoned. The cost of the mill lease has been substantially offset by the sale of securities received as part of the mill lease transaction. Falcon West Drilling Early in 2024, the Company completed an initial phase of drilling at its Falcon West Rare Metals Project ("Falcon West") which is located approximately 110 km east of Winnipeg and is bisected by the Trans-Canada Highway. A total of 2,821 metres in 26 holes were completed during the program. As predicted from previous drilling results, the Q1 2024 drilling results confirmed the presence of highly fractionated lithium-enriched pegmatite at two locations (Lucy and Artdon pegmatite occurrences) located ~1 km apart. Notably, the 2024 drilling also encountered high-grade cesium values in several drill holes at the Lucy Pegmatite. Many of these high-grade cesium values were attributed to the local presence of pollucite as confirmed by portable XRF and UV light scans of the core (pollucite fluoresces when exposed to UV light). These pollucite occurrences are considered significant given the rarity of this type of high grade cesium mineralization globally and the recent success of a peer company (Power Metals Corp.) in promoting similar pollucite-bearing pegmatites in Ontario. At the ArtDon target (west area), notable intersections included: 3.7 metres grading 2.83% Li 2 O in hole ADL24-21 (from 4.4 metres depth) 4.3 metres grading 2.82% Li 2 O in hole ADL24-22 (from 1.25 metres) including 1.7 metres grading 4.69% Li 2 O , followed by a second interval of 6.0 metres grading 1.17% Li 2 O (from 20.3 metres) At the Lucy target (east area), highlights include: 13.9 metres grading 0.73% Li 2 O (from 5.8 metres) and 3.6 metres grading 1.11% Li 2 O (from 34.1 metres) in drill hole ADL24-01 5.0 metres grading 1.07% Li 2 O in hole ADL24-02 (from 13.2 metres) 5.8 metres grading 1.32% Li 2 O and 2.57% Cs 2 O in drill hole ADL24-09 (from 19.9 metres) including 1.25 metres with 7.04% Cs2O 5.1 metres grading 1.07% Li 2 O in drill hole ADL24-11 (from 29.0 meters) High grade cesium values (i.e., greater than 1% Cs2O) have been noted in five historical drill holes at the Lucy South pegmatite over a ~150m x 100m area. The drill intercepts are generally within 30m of surface. A new phase of drilling focusing on cesium will attempt to determine the potential for a significant pollucite resource at Lucy South. The Company is in the process of obtaining an exploration permit for this target and hopes to commence drilling in the early part of the upcoming summer. Makwa Mayville Mineral Resource Estimate In June 2024, the Company filed an NI 43-101 resource estimate for the combined Makwa Mayville Property in Manitoba. The resource estimate was based on open pit constrained resources as well as underground resources. The Makwa and Mayville deposits are located approximately 35 km apart. The Indicated mineral resource estimate amenable to open pit mining and constrained within pit-shells is: Deposit Mining Tonnage Ni Cu Co Pd Pt Au NiEq Cu Eq MMT % % % g/t g/t g/t % % Mayville Open Pit 32.02 0.16 0.40 0.01 0.13 0.05 0.05 - 0.61 Makwa Open Pit 14.22 0.48 0.11 0.02 0.37 0.10 - 0.75 - *See details of the Mineral Resource Estimate including calculation methods used to determine the copper equivalent (CuEq) and nickel equivalent (NiEq) grades presented in Tables 1A and 1B, below. In conjunction with the release of the Mineral Resource Estimate, the Company noted that: Contained metal content in the indicated open pit category includes 317 million pounds of copper, 263 million pounds of nickel and 452,000 ounces of combined palladium, platinum and gold. Both deposits remain partly open along strike and at depth, and the Company holds the mineral rights to three other near-surface mineral deposits in the belt that could augment the mineral resource inventory in the future. Both deposits have had extensive metallurgical test work completed over multiple campaigns with results indicating that saleable sulfide concentrates can be produced (nickel at Makwa; separate copper and nickel concentrates at Mayville). The main factors contributing to the increased resources from previous estimates are improvements in modelled metallurgical recoveries, changes in metal prices and forex used in the resource calculation and additional drilling. The Mayville Deposit has no royalty; the Makwa Deposit has a 1% NSR royalty of which one half of a percent can be re-purchased for CAD$500,000. There are no offtake obligations on either of the deposits. The target/model for the project is +80 million tonnes of open pit resources augmented by the delineation of high-grade massive sulfide deposits throughout the belt. Among the economic parameters used in the mineral resource estimate, metal prices for the key metals are US$3.75 lb for copper and $9 lb for nickel. Strip ratios for the resource shells were 3.2 for Mayville and 4.7 for Makwa and are provided in the resource Tables 1A and 1B. Table 1A. Mayville Pit Constrained and Underground Resource as of December 31, 2023. Mining Category Tonnage Density CuEq Cu Ni Co Pd Pt Au SR % % % % g/t g/t g/t OP Indicated 32,019,000 3.00 0.61 0.40 0.16 0.01 0.13 0.05 0.05 3.17 Inferred - - - - - - - - - UG Indicated 322,461 3.00 1.62 0.96 0.37 0.02 0.19 0.08 0.11 NA Inferred 203,323 3.00 1.50 0.96 0.32 0.02 0.16 0.08 0.11 Table 1B. Makwa Pit Constrained and Underground Resources as of December 31, 2023. Mining Category Zone Tonnage Density NiEq Ni Cu Co Pd Pt SR % % % % g/t g/t OP Indicated HG1 4,846,590 2.94 1.26 0.89 0.17 0.03 0.71 0.19 4.66 LG1 9,370,784 2.88 0.48 0.28 0.08 0.01 0.19 0.06 HG1 + LG1 14,217,374 2.90 0.75 0.48 0.11 0.02 0.37 0.10 Inferred LG1 18,000 2.88 0.36 0.23 0.04 0.01 0.11 0.04 UG Indicated HG1 437,743 2.94 1.19 0.83 0.11 0.03 0.73 0.21 NA LG1 62,783 2.88 0.53 0.30 0.08 0.01 0.27 0.08 HG1 + LG1 500,526 2.93 1.11 0.77 0.11 0.02 0.67 0.19 Inferred HG1 + LG1 - - - - - - - - The calculated cut-off grades to report the MRE are dynamic in nature following metallurgical recovery curves, the average COG for Makwa is 0.30 % Ni in surface mining and 0.84 % Ni in underground mining; for Mayville is 0.30 % Cu in surface mining and 1.37 % Cu in underground mining. The economic parameters used metal prices of US$9.0/lb Ni, US$3.75/lb Cu, US$23.0/lb Co, US$900/oz Pt, US$1,400/oz Pd and US$1,750/Au with specific metallurgical recovery curves summarized as follow: copper recoveries of 87% to high grade copper concentrate of 28%; and nickel recoveries in the range from 50% to 68% to 10% nickel concentrate at Mayville and 50-68% nickel recovery to 10% nickel concentrate based on average grades and over 70% recovery for highest grade (+1% Ni) blocks at Makwa); a mining cost of US$3.5/t in surface and US$80.0/t in underground; Processing cost of US$15/t and a General & Administration cost of US$3.2/t. For surface mining the open pits at Makwa and Mayville use a slope angle of 53°. The block models for Makwa and Mayville are rotated and use a block size of 10 m x 5 m x 5 m with the narrow sides across strike (North-South) and vertically (z direction). The open pit optimization uses a re-blocked size of 10 m x 10 m x 10 m and for the underground the optimization uses stopes 20 m long by 20 m high and a minimum mining width of 3 m. Messrs. Alan J. San Martin, MAusIMM(CP) and Charley Murahwi, P.Geo., FAusIMM, from Micon International Limited are the Qualified Persons (QPs) for this Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE). Mineral resources unlike mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. The estimate of mineral resources may be materially affected by environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing, or other relevant issues. The mineral resources have been estimated in accordance with the CIM Best Practice Guidelines (2019) and the CIM Definition Standards (2014). Totals may not add correctly due to rounding. Equivalent (Eq) Grade Calculations: (a) Makwa NiEq = Ni% + ((Cu% x CuR x CuP) + (Co% x CoR x CoP) + (Pt g/t x PtR x PtP) + (Pd g/t x PdR x PdP))/(NiR x NiP); (b) Mayville CuEq* = Cu% + ((Ni% x NiR x NiP) + (Co% x CoR x CoP) + (Pt g/t x PtR x PtP) + (Pd g/t x PdR x PdP) + (Au g/t x AuR x AuP))/(CuR x CuP). NiEQ = nickel equivalent grade. R = metal recovery. P = metal price. The Mayville CuEq calculation assumes the production of separate Cu and Ni concentrates. Metallurgical recovery ranges using input grades at the cutoff grade (low end) and 2 times the average open pit resource grade (high end) are as follow: Makwa: Ni: 36 to 86%; Cu: 85.6% (invariant); Co: fixed to nickel recoveries; Pd: 59 to 90% (capped); Pt: 39 to 90% (capped); Mayville: For the copper concentrate model :Cu: 86.5 to 86.9%; Ni: 5% (fixed); Co: (5% - fixed to nickel recovery); Pd: 42% (fixed); Pt: 35% (fixed); Co: 30% (fixed); For the nickel concentrate model: Cu: 5% (fixed); Ni: 42 to 69%;Co: matches nickel recoveries; Pd: 33%; Pt: 21%; Au: 10%. 2024 Geophysical Surveys The Company made a significant investment into completing several new geophysical surveys in 2024. These include an airborne EM-magnetic survey over the Makwa JV Nickel Property; two airborne EM and magnetic surveys at the Mayville Copper-Nickel Property; a ground Induced Polarization ("IP") survey at the east end of the Mayville property; a fixed wing magnetic and radiometric survey over the Falcon West property; and, an airborne EM and magnetic survey at the Company's Fox River West Cu-Ni-PGE property in northern Manitoba. At Makwa, Geotech Ltd. completed a 143 line km time domain VTEM™ MAX survey over a 3.3 by 4.5 km area at a nominal line spacing of 100 metres. At Mayville, Geotech Ltd. completed a 143 line km time domain VTEM™ MAX survey over a 3.3 by 4.5 km area at a nominal line spacing of 100 metres and covering the Eagle gabbro in the eastern part of the project area. Geotech also completed a 258 line km deep-penetrating frequency domain EM survey over an 6.8 by 10.4 km area at a nominal 300 metre line spacing covering the central and eastern part of the Mayville project area using their proprietary heli-borne ZTEM™ system. Preliminary modeling of the new survey results has identified several strongly conductive anomalies coincident with mapped or interpreted (from magnetics) parts of the 20 km long Mayville-Eagle Complex and with interpreted northeast-striking feeder structures to the complex. EarthEx Geophysical Solutions Inc. also completed a 5 line ground induced polarization survey covering a ~1 km x 1km area over the historical New Manitoba copper-nickel deposit at the south end of the Eagle Gabbro. At Falcon West, a 3,264 line km fixed wing magnetic and radiometric survey covering an area of 37 x 7 km over the Falcon West property was completed by Special Projects Inc. At Fox River West, Expert Geophysics Limited completed three survey blocks covering a cumulative area of and including 768 line km at a nominal line spacing of 300 metres using their helicopter-borne Mobile MT frequency domain EM and magnetic system. The results from these surveys are providing critical new geophysical insights for all of these properties, enabling a major refinement in the prevailing deposit and exploration models and in the selection of drill targets. Mayville (Eagle) Drilling In October 2024, the Company commenced drilling at the 4 km long Eagle Gabbro body - located in the eastern part of the Mayville copper-nickel project and representing the easternmost part of the 20 km long Mayville-Eagle mafic-ultramafic complex. A total of 4,132 metres were completed in 25 drill holes in Q4 2024. Drilling initially focused on the New Manitoba Mine area - a historically-defined zone of copper nickel mineralization and associated mine infrastructure dating back to the 1950s. Initial drilling results were released on December 2, 2024 and confirmed the historical drill results at New Manitoba as well as identified an extension (E15 target) to New Manitoba located 400 metres to the northwest. Drilling subsequently tested another target (Acme target) within the Eagle Gabbro located further along strike to the northwest. The 2024 Eagle Gabbro drilling program ultimately confirmed a 2 km trend of disseminated Cu-rich magmatic sulfide mineralization in the Eagle Gabbro having strong similarities to the mineralization in the Mayville deposit, located ~10 km to the west. The accumulated exploration results at Mayville highlight a 20 km long mineralized mafic-ultramafic complex with copper-dominant, near-surface magmatic sulfide mineralization occurring intermittently across the complex. Although there remains good potential for increasing the near-surface disseminated sulfide resources at Mayville, the next phase of work is expected to focus on the many untested EM anomalies that are now recognized on the property. As discussed above, the Eagle Gabbro and directly adjacent areas were covered by two airborne EM and magnetic surveys completed in Q4 2024. A number of strongly conductive EM targets identified from these and historical surveys have signatures consistent with a near surface, massive sulfide source. Above: Current, interpreted extent of the Eagle gabbro (black dotted outline) with locations of the Q4 2024 drill holes. Table 2. Results from Phase 1 Drilling at the Eagle Property as reported in the Company's December 2, 2024 news release. From (m) To (m) Interval (m) Cu Eq* (%) Cu (%) Ni (%) Co (%) Pd (g/t) Pt (g/t) Au (g/t) Ag (g/t) EAG24-01 45.50 87.15 41.65 0.58 0.35 0.10 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.03 1.39 inc. 63.75 79.00 15.25 0.92 0.65 0.11 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.05 2.47 with 75.90 77.00 1.10 3.70 3.43 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.09 10.89 and inc. 86.50 87.15 0.65 2.95 0.30 1.40 0.07 0.43 0.06 0.01 1.10 EAG24-02 53.00 90.00 37.00 0.69 0.41 0.12 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.04 1.84 inc. 69.00 89.00 20.00 0.99 0.61 0.16 0.01 0.08 0.03 0.06 2.70 EAG24-03 56.00 93.90 37.90 0.74 0.38 0.17 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.03 1.92 inc. 82.00 88.00 6.00 1.41 0.49 0.45 0.03 0.11 0.04 0.04 2.22 with 86.35 87.05 0.70 2.81 0.28 1.28 0.09 0.21 0.12 0.07 1.90 EAG24-04 62.00 82.00 20.00 0.90 0.45 0.21 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.03 1.83 inc. 69.00 73.00 4.00 2.03 0.87 0.58 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.05 2.80 EAG24-05 55.00 101.0 46.00 0.93 0.58 0.15 0.01 0.09 0.03 0.05 2.71 inc. 71.55 98.00 26.45 1.19 0.78 0.16 0.01 0.13 0.05 0.07 3.73 EAG24-06 50.00 94.30 44.30 0.93 0.46 0.21 0.02 0.09 0.03 0.04 1.96 inc. 63.00 88.00 25.00 1.47 0.72 0.35 0.03 0.13 0.05 0.05 2.90 with 71.25 86.00 14.75 1.86 0.87 0.47 0.03 0.16 0.06 0.06 3.43 and inc. 71.25 72.00 0.75 4.92 0.20 2.37 0.16 0.58 0.38 0.01 1.80 . . Teck Makwa Option and Joint Venture Agreement The Company announced an option and joint venture agreement with Teck Resources Limited on the Makwa Property in December 2024. The Agreement grants Teck a two-stage option to acquire up to a 70% interest in Makwa by funding cumulative expenditures of CAD$15,700,000 and making staged cash payments of CAD$1,600,000 to Grid (of which CAD$1,000,000 can be completed through a subscription of shares at Teck's election). As of the date hereof, Teck has funded an initial cash payment to Grid of CAD$400,000 and an additional $450,000 in expenditures including $300,000 to make the final Gossan Property acquisition payment. Teck has agreed to move forward with the second phase of the agreement and fund a ~2,500m drill program to test initial exploration targets at the Makwa Property during 2025. It is anticipated that Grid will be the project manager and operate the exploration program, utilizing its local staff to do so. Above: Makwa Property showing known deposits and occurrences. The corridor between the Wento Beaver and the Page Deposit is a key exploration priority and was a focus of the Q4 VTEM survey. Manitoba - A Tier One Mining Jurisdiction The Company views southeastern Manitoba as an excellent location for the development of its critical metals projects. The project area has excellent infrastructure, a skilled local workforce and low-cost hydroelectric power. Mining is a major economic driver to the Province and Manitoba has supported mining activities for many years. Southeastern Manitoba has existing road and rail access to both the eastern and western parts of Canada and to the United States. The current government has expressed public support for the critical metals sector of the mining industry and the mining industry in general, which is an important source of jobs in the Province. Environmental Social and Governance The Company is committed to expanding its operations, compliance and practices relating to environmental, social issues and governance matters going forward. With respect to environmental stewardship, the Company looks to minimize the footprint of its on-the-ground activities and comply with and exceed all government regulations relating to its activities. The Company has an exploration agreement with the Sagkeeng First Nation in whose Ancestral Territory the Company's' projects are located. The purpose of the agreement is to establish a mutually beneficial relationship covering environmental and economic aspects of the projects during the exploration phase. The Company endeavours to work with other First Nations groups and local communities as required in order to create social license for its projects. PROPERTY SUMMARIES MANITOBA Donner Lithium Project Overview The Donner Project is located approximately 145 kilometers northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba. The Property is subject to a joint venture agreement between Grid (75%) and Lithium Equities Investments LLC ("LEI"), an investment fund managed by Waratah Capital Advisors (25%). Grid Metals is the operator of the Joint Venture. Each party is responsible for its share of the project costs on an ongoing basis or faces dilution of its project interest. The Bird River Greenstone Belt in southeastern Manitoba hosts several lithium-cesium-tantalum-enriched ("LCT-type") pegmatite dykes including the world famous Tanco pegmatite and the producing Tanco Mine. The Tanco Mine has produced lithium, tantalum, and cesium products intermittently since 1968. There are a number of pegmatite fields in the Bird River Greenstone area in addition to Bernic Lake, which hosts the Tanco Deposit. There has been intermittent exploration activity in the belt since the 1950's. The Company has delineated an initial NI 43-101 Resource for the Project which remains open for expansion. A number of other key project metrics have been completed to continue to de-risk the project including environmental and metallurgical studies and preliminary mine plans for both open pit and underground. When the lithium market improves, the project is ready to resume development. Mineral Title: The Donner property comprises 51 crown mineral claims totaling 6,656 hectares. The claims are held in the name of a wholly owned private subsidiary of Grid Metals Corp (1000078824 Ontario Inc.). The property is owned 75% by Grid Metals and 25% by a private equity fund (Lithium Equities Investment LP) owned by Waratah Capital. Lithium Royalty Corp. own a 2% gross overriding royalty on future rare metal mine production. A portion of the property is also subject to a 2% NSR royalty on future rare metal production that is owned by the Tantalum Mining Corporation of Canada. Under the terms of the joint venture agreement, each party must fund its proportionate share of the joint venture expenditures to maintain their respective interests or face dilution. Grid is the project operator. Exploration and Mineral Resources Classification (Cut-Off Grade) Deposit Inferred Resource (tonnes) Grade (% Li 2 O) Open Pit (0.3% Li 2 O) Main Dyke 1,145,000 1.48% NW Dyke 955,000 1.36% Total 2,100,000 1.42% Underground (0.5% Li 2 O) Main Dyke 3,669,000 1.45% NW Dyke 1,042,000 1.11% Total 4,710,000 1.37% GLOBAL Main Dyke 4,814,000 1.46% NW Dyke 1,997,000 1.23% Total 6,810,000 1.39% On July 18, 2023, the Company announced the release of a maiden Inferred Mineral Resource prepared in compliance with National Instrument 43-101. Mineralization at both of the two dykes that host the mineral resource remains open at depth. The current mineral resources for Donner are shown below: Above: Inferred Mineral Resource Estimate for Donner Lithium Project Notes: The Mineral Resource Estimate ("MRE") has an effective date of the June 27, 2023. The Qualified Persons for the MRE are Mr. Rohan Millar, P.Geo. an employee of SGS. The classification of the current Mineral Resource Estimate into Inferred Resource is consistent with current 2014 CIM Definition Standards - For Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves. All figures are rounded to reflect the relative accuracy of the estimate and numbers may not add due to rounding. All Resources are presented undiluted and in situ, constrained by continuous 3D wireframe models, and are considered to have reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. Mineral resources which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. An Inferred Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to an Indicated Mineral Resource and must not be converted to a Mineral Reserve. It is reasonably expected that the majority of Inferred Mineral Resources could be upgraded to Indicated Mineral Resources with continued exploration. It is envisioned that parts of the Donner Lake deposit may be mined using open pit mining methods. In-pit mineral resources are reported at a cut-off grade of 0.3% Li 2 O within a conceptual pit shell. The results from the pit optimization are used solely for the purpose of testing the "reasonable prospects for economic extraction" by an open pit and do not represent an attempt to estimate mineral reserves. There are no mineral reserves on the Property. The results are used as a guide to assist in the preparation of a Mineral Resource statement and to select an appropriate resource reporting cut-off grade. Underground (below-pit) Mineral Resources are estimated from the bottom of the pit and are reported at a base case cut-off grade of 0.5% Li 2 O. The underground Mineral Resource grade blocks were quantified above the base case cut-off grade, below the constraining pit shell and within the constraining mineralized wireframes. At this base case cut-off grade the deposit shows good deposit continuity with no orphaned blocks. Bulk density values (specific gravity 2.7 grams per cubic centimetre) were determined based on physical test work from each deposit. The in-pit base case cut-off grade of 0.3% Li 2 O considers a lithium concentrate 6% (LC6) Li 2 O price of US$1800/tonne, a mining cost of US$3.50/t rock and processing, treatment and refining, transportation and G&A cost of US$45.00/t mineralized material, and an overall pit slope of 55 degrees. The below-pit base case cut-off grade of 0.5% Li 2 O considers a lithium concentrate 6% (LC6) Li 2 O price of US$1800/tonne, a mining cost of US$60.00/t rock and processing, treatment and refining, transportation, and G&A cost of US$45.00/t mineralized material. The estimate of Mineral Resources may be materially affected by environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing, or other relevant issues. Above: Mayville and Donner property area. The lithium resource is hosted by the Northwest and Main Dykes. The Company has completed several preliminary metallurgical testwork programs on different composite samples from the Main and Northwest Dykes. Flotation is envisaged as the processing method to recover lithium which is mainly found in spodumene. The Company has completed two field seasons of exploration work on the Property focused on finding other lithium-bearing pegmatites. The work has included geological mapping and sampling, geochemical sampling, and geophysics. Several areas of interest have been identified on the property which will be followed up by future drill programs. The Company completed infill drilling at the Northwest Dyke in early 2024. In addition, two drill holes were drilled below the Main Dyke and both holes intersected the Main Dyke and its spodumene-rich core zone at depths well below all previous intersections. Falcon West Lithium Cesium Property Overview and Mineral Title The Falcon West property is located within the West Hawk Lake Greenstone Belt of southeastern Manitoba. The property covers the favorable geology of the next greenstone belt to the south of the Bird River Greenstone belt which hosts the world class Tanco Pegmatite. Lithium-bearing pegmatites that have been historically identified in the area are hosted in mafic volcanic rock units present at the contact between the Wabigoon and Winnipeg River geological Subprovinces. Grid Metals has staked approximately 40 km of this prospective mafic volcanic and granitic contact. The initial focus for exploration is a ~ 1.25 km area (the ArtDon - Lucy trend or the 'ADL' target) that has lithium showings on surface and lithium noted in historical drilling. Above: Historical lithium values along the ArtDon Lucy ("ADL") trend at Falcon West. Above : Location of Falcon West Lithium Property. The property is transected by the TransCanada Highway and is approximately 100 km east of Winnipeg, the provincial capital. Exploration The ADL Trend comprises the known ArtDon, Lucy South and Lucy North pegmatites. Several phases of drilling have been completed over the decades by several companies including Sherritt Gordon (1943, 19 drill holes - no analytical data), East Braintree Lithium Corp (1955, 48 holes for 2,986 metres - limited analytical data), Tantalum Mining Corporation of Canada Limited (1983, 4 holes 296 metres - tantalum assays only) and Avalon Ventures (2000 - 10 holes with lithium, cesium, and tantalum assays). The last drill holes were completed in 2012 by Mr. William C. Hood, P.Geo., but were not analyzed at that time. During 2023, samples from several pegmatite intersections from the 2012 drill core were assayed by Grid Metals. Results were reported on March 28, 2023 and significant values were noted in multiple drill holes including high cesium values in pollucite. The Company completed its maiden drilling at Falcon West in Q2 2024. Lithium (spodumene) mineralization was found at the ArtDon Pegmatite in the east and the Lucy Pegmatite in the west. High-grade cesium was intercepted at Lucy - confirming previous cesium-rich drill intersections concentrated in the Lucy South target area. Drill intercepts with cesium values greater than 1% Cs 2 O have been noted in two of the 2001 Avalon Ventures holes, three of the 2012 drill holes and two of the 2024 holes drilled by Grid. In most instances, the cesium values occur with or proximal to highly elevated lithium values in spodumene mineralization. The Company intends to focus specifically on testing the Lucy South area for cesium (occurring in the mineral pollucite) in the upcoming drill program. Going forward, the Company intends to undertake a comprehensive drill program to attempt to delineate the cesium mineralization in the Lucy Pegmatite area. Base Metal Properties - Bird River area The Company holds significant mineral interests in the Bird River Greenstone belt prospective for base metals. Bird River is located ~145 kilometers northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba. The Makwa Property (subject to the Option and Joint Venture Agreement with Teck Resources) occupies the central part of the greenstone belt while the Mayville Property is located on the north arm. During 2023, the Company acquired the Gossan Property which comprises a significant land position immediately west of Makwa. Also in 2023, the Company acquired the Eagle Property which contains the eastern end of the Mayville-Eagle mafic-ultramafic complex. The consolidation of Cu-Ni-PGE properties, deposits and occurrences in the Bird River Greenstone belt provides the Company with the first opportunity to fully explore the full extent of the known mafic-ultramafic target bodies and especially numerous untested EM anomalies having massive sulfide-type responses and located in geologically-favourable environments. Above : Map of Bird River Greenstone belt showing Grid properties and the recently acquired National Ledin, Gossan and Eagle properties. Makwa Ni-Cu Property Mineral Title Makwa The mineral rights of the Makwa Property consist of a mineral lease with an unexpired term of 18 years, a surface lease, and exploration claims held by the Company. An annual payment of approximately $10,000 must be made to the province of Manitoba to keep the mineral lease and surface lease in good standing. There is a 1.0% NSR royalty on the Makwa property. The Company has the option to purchase 0.5% of the NSR royalty for $500,000. Resources The Company announced an updated Mineral Resource Estimate in 2024. See Tables 1A and 1B above for details. Historical Exploration The Dumbarton Mine Horizon was mined during the period 1972-1974 with the ore toll milled at the Gordon Lake mill and the nickel concentrate shipped to Ontario for smelting. Exploration drilling during the period also defined the Maskwa West deposit which today is Grid's Makwa Ni-Cu Deposit. The operation closed down due to low nickel prices in the mid 1970's. The Makwa project was optioned from Falconbridge by Canmine Resources in the mid 1990's. In late 1997 and early 1998, Canmine completed a number of geophysical surveys and drilling to expand and delineate the Maskwa Resource. Canmine also took a number of bulk samples of cobalt rich ore from the Werner Lake area in Ontario and obtained an Environment Act Licence to treat cobalt ore at the Makwa site. Canmine filed for insolvency protection in 2000 and the property was sold out of receivership to a private consortium. The private consortium sold the mineral rights to the Makwa lease and adjacent claims to Mustang Minerals (the predecessor company of Grid Metals). Grid completed initial drilling at the Makwa Deposit and geophysical surveys including a VTEM survey over the Makwa property and adjacent claims which was completed in 2007. The survey outlined a number of drill targets on the property. In 2008, Mustang completed a Time Domain Induced Polarization (TDIP/Resistivity) and magnetic surveys over part of the Makwa property. In 2018, Grid Metals completed a ground time domain EM survey covering the Makwa and Dumbarton deposits. Several conductors that had seen limited or no prior drilling were identified along strike from and below the current Makwa deposit. Drilling The drilling completed on the Makwa project to date comprises 475 drill holes with a total metreage of ~80,000 m. The majority of the drill holes are directed northwards implying that the mineralized body dips southwards. The drill hole database considered in the current Mineral Resource estimate contains a total of 256 historical MNCM/Falconbridge, Canmine and Mustang holes as well as 10 drill holes drilled by Grid Metals in 2022. Above : Plan view of drill holes at the Makwa deposit area. Above : Representative cross section, looking west, showing the current Micon block model coded to nickel grade, the HG1 and LG1 zone boundaries, and selected length-weighted interval assays for drill holes captured on this section Resource Estimates and Economic Studies The Company completed a Mineral Resource Estimate for the Makwa Project in 2007 and a Prefeasibility Study for the Makwa Project in 2008. The Prefeasibility Study (Micon) envisaged an open pit mining operation with the material from the pit processed at a nickel concentrator that would be constructed. Following the global financial crisis in 2009, the price of nickel declined and the development plans for Makwa were temporarily abandoned. In 2013, the Company engaged Roscoe Postal Associates (RPA) to complete a Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) to evaluate the potential of a combined mining project called the Mayville-Makwa Project, incorporating two separate open pit resources into a single mining scenario with a shared mill complex. The results of the PEA were positive. Recent Exploration In 2022, Grid Metals completed a comprehensive review of all historical geophysical and drilling data and identified a series of drill targets representing possible extensions of both the Makwa and Dumbarton deposits. Several of these anomalies were tested by exploration drill holes completed in 2022. In 2024, a reconnaissance sampling program was completed on the Gossan claims. Highlights included up to 5.97% Ni in a surface showing of semi-massive sulfide mineralization at the Ore Fault target and several massive chalcopyrite veins delivering copper grades exceeding 10% Cu and 50 g/t Ag from the Beaver-Wento copper showings located at the south end of the Ore Fault trend. As discussed above, a VTEM MAX™ helicopter-borne survey was completed over the combined Makwa and Gossan properties in 2024. This survey has outlined a number of drill targets for evaluation. Gossan Property (west of Makwa) Ni-Cu Overview and Mineral Title The Gossan Property (51 mineral claims encompassing approximately 2,870 hectares) was optioned from Gossan Resources Limited and consists of the Ore Fault and Page Ni-Cu-PGM resources and associated exploration property that adjoins the Company's Makwa nickel property to the west. The resources were calculated per a 2009 Technical Report (see Technical Report and Resource Estimate on the Ore Fault, Galaxy and Page Zones of the Marathon/Gossan Resources Bird River Property, Southeast Manitoba; P&E Mining Consultants Inc., Feb. 26, 2009). Exploration drilling by Grid will be required to validate the reported resources. Terms of the option agreement were the issuance by Grid of 1.5 million common shares and a payment of $500,000 on closing and two additional payments of $300,000 due in April of 2024 (paid) and April 2025. Gossan Resources retains a 2% net smelter return ("NSR") royalty payable upon the commencement of commercial production from the property. In addition, a $300,000 deferred cash payment is due to Gossan Resources upon the commencement of commercial production from the property. Resources The Gossan Property contains two near surface deposits of nickel-rich magmatic sulfide mineralization: The Ore Fault deposit, containing a previously NI 43-101 reported indicated resource of 0.9Mt at 0.32% Ni and 0.24% Cu and an inferred resource of 2.5Mt 0.35% Ni and 0.19% (Ewert et al., 2009; see reference 1, below); and, The Page deposit, containing a previously NI 43-101 reported indicated resource of 1.5Mt at 0.32% Ni and 0.13% Cu (Ewert et al., 2009). The Company has not verified the above noted resource estimates. Exploration Gossan is now part of the Makwa exploration agreement with Teck. A helicopter-borne VTEM MAX™ survey was flown over the property in December 2024. Mayville Cu-Ni Mineral Title The Company owns a cumulative 89% interest in the Mayville Propert y (consisting entirely of Crown Mineral Claims). A direct 60% interest was acquired from a vendor for consideration of $90,000 in cash, a note for $165,000 due 18 months from closing (which was paid during 2006), and 700,000 common shares of the Company (issued in 2005). The additional 29% interest was acquired through the acquisition of a 72.56% interest in Maskwa Nickel Chrome Mines Limited ("MNCM"), a company which holds the remaining 40% interest in the Mayville property subject to a joint venture agreement. If a party to the joint venture agreement is diluted below 10% then their respective interest converts to a 10% Net Profits Interest which is payable after all capital investment and exploration and development costs have been recouped by the operating party. Grid is the operator of the joint venture. The shares in MNCM were acquired through the issuance of 400,000 common shares of the Company and a cash payment of $120,000. A royalty payment in the amount of $210,000 will be due in five equal annual payments upon the commencement of commercial production on any portion of the MNCM property. In January 2022, 25% of the lithium rights and a 2% royalty on the original Tanco Claims and fifteen of the original Mayville mining claims were sold. History and Exploration The first claims were staked over the Mayville copper nickel showing in 1917 and the first drilling occurred in 1921. No logs are available prior to the acquisition of Makwa Nickel Chrome Mines who acquired the property in 1951. Between 1951 and 1980, a total of 21 holes were drilled on the Property targeting the Mayville area and chromite showing to the east. In 2005 and 2006, the Company completed 76 drill holes totalling 16,303 metres - most of this being focused on resource delineation at the Mayville deposit. The Company contracted a 580 line km VTEM survey over the Mayville Property in 2005. Subsequently, the Company completed surface EM surveys and borehole surveys in the Mayville area and over the PGE Zone located to the southwest of the Mayville deposit. In 2010, the Company acquired an option on seven claims held by Tantalum Mining Corporation of Canada Limited (Tanco) (which in 2013 vested and the claims became 100% owned by the Company) adjacent to the Mayville property and subsequently conducted a 218 line-km VTEM survey over the claims. Also in 2010, the Company conducted a 205 line-km ZTEM survey over the central part of the property, which included the M2 Deposit and the Tantalum claims. In 2011, following the discovery of PGE mineralization on the property (in drill hole May-11-07, 9.1 m of 2.8 g/t Pt and 6.7 g/t Pd), the Company established a 6.0 km by 2.5 km grid over the Mayville Deposit and the PGM Zone and subsequently mapped and surveyed these lines with IP-mag and EM during 2011 and 2012. These surveys were followed up with 22,502 m of diamond drilling in 89 holes between 2011 and 2013, which concentrated on evaluating the potential of the PGM Zone and completing resource delineation drilling on the near surface part of the Mayville (M2) Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit. In 2013, the Company contracted RPA to complete a preliminary economic assessment of a combined Makwa-Mayville mining project (see 2014 Technical Report for details). In 2022, the Company and consultants re-interpreted all available geophysical and drilling data for the Mayville property, leading to the recommendation to test several strong EM anomalies that had not been previously drilled. Drilling The drilling completed on the Mayville project comprises 221 drill holes and a total of approximately 45,000 metres of drilling as documented below. Above: Historical drilling at the Mayville Property Above : Plan view of drill holes at the Mayville deposit area. Above: Representative Cross Section for the Mayville Deposit, Looking West, and Showing the Current Micon Block Model Coded to Copper Grade and Selected Length-weighted Average Drill Hole Intersections for Drill Holes Captured on this Section Eagle Property Cu-Ni Overview and Mineral Title The Eagle claims are located at the eastern end of the Mayville-Eagle Complex. Grid acquired the mining claims that comprise the Eagle Property (10 claims - 238 hectares) from First Mining Gold Corp. in April 2023. The terms of the acquisition agreement included the payment of $300,000 and the issuance of 250,000 common shares of Grid. The Company has granted First Mining Gold a 2% NSR royalty payable upon the commencement of commercial production from the property, half of which can be bought back by the Company by paying $1 million in cash to First Mining Gold. In addition, a deferred cash payment is due to First Mining Gold if the Company defines a greater than 2 million tonne NI 43-101 mineral resource on the property. The Eagle Claims host the historical New Manitoba nickel-copper sulfide deposit, located 9 km east of the Company's Mayville M2 resource. The property hosts favorable stratigraphy for copper nickel mineralization and is on strike with known pegmatite trends. There is a historical mineral resource estimate of 1.8Mt at 0.75% Cu and 0.33% Ni (Manitoba Mineral Inventory Card #217) at New Manitoba. The Company has not been able to verify the historical estimate as relevant and the historical estimate should not be relied on. Recent Exploration Prior to Grid optioning the Eagle Property, there had been no exploration on the property since 2009 when six holes were drilled at the New Manitoba mine site. Grid's initial drilling program at Eagle was completed in Q4 2024. Results from the first six holes were announced in December 2024. The program intersected Mayville-style disseminated copper-rich magmatic sulfide mineralization along a 2 km strike length. During 2025, the Company plans to model the new geophysical data covering the Eagle claims in order to generate future drill targets with a focus on massive sulfide-type targets. Resources The New Manitoba deposit is located on the southern part of the Eagle Property. It has a historical mineral resource estimate of 1.8Mt at 0.75%Cu and 0.33% Ni (Manitoba Mineral Inventory Card #217) (Note: The Company has not been able to verify the historical estimate as relevant and the historical estimate should not be relied on). Makwa Mayville Resources A mineral resource estimate was prepared for Makwa (Evans, 2005) and Mayville (Ross and Evans, 2006; Ross, 2010). The Makwa estimate was updated by Wardrop in 2007 (Duke et al., 2008). In May 2008, Micon prepared a report titled: "Independent Technical Report Presenting Mineral Resource and Reserve Estimates and the Results of the Prefeasibility Study for the Maskwa Property, Manitoba". A mineral resource estimate was updated as of November 27, 2013 for both Makwa and Mayville to support a Preliminary Economic Assessment for the combined Makwa and Mayville Properties dated April 30, 2014. The Company's most recent Mineral Resource Estimate was announced May 6, 2024 (see Tables 1A and 1B, above). Development Plans for Bird River Base Metal Properties With the current mineral inventory in the Bird River Complex, a new discovery of high grade mineralization would significantly enhance the economic potential of the area. The Company believes that the Bird River area is well suited to become a regional hub for base metal production with a central mill processing feed from multiple deposits. To support this vision, the Company recently entered into the Teck JV Agreement to secure funding to explore the best untested drill targets on the Makwa or south limb of the Bird River complex. Importantly, this includes the structural corridor between the Gossan Property and the Makwa Property. This area is considered a high potential target environment for feeder-related, structurally-controlled massive magmatic sulfide deposits. At the Mayville project, there are multiple outcropping mineralized horizons in the Mayville-Eagle Complex that remain to be adequately explored. The airborne geophysical surveys completed in 2024 will enable initial testing of similar, structurally-controlled massive sulfide targets to those being pursued at Makwa. The critical issues pertaining to the potential development of the MM Project in the future are: (1) the size and quality of the mineral resource; (2) the metallurgical characteristics of the deposits; and, (3) the exploitation/environmental factors related to mining. The Company believes that with its mineral endowment, the Bird River area is an ideal location for mining development. Northern Manitoba Mineral Exploration Licenses (Ni Cu PGE) Overview and Mineral Title In September 2021, the Company acquired the mineral rights for five Mineral Exploration Licenses (MELs) located in northern Manitoba. Three of the licenses cover a large section of the Proterozoic Fox River Belt, situated on the Superior Boundary Zone - host to a majority of Canada's major nickel sulfide mining camps at Thompson Manitoba, Sudbury Ontario, and the Raglan Camp of northern Quebec. The other two licenses cover prospective mafic-ultramafic intrusions and known Ni-Cu-PGE surface showings in the Pikwitonei Granulite Domain directly east of the Thompson Nickel Belt and the mining city of Thompson. A tabulation of the MEL numbers and their size and annual holding costs are given in the table below. Type of License Regular MEL - Zone A Special MEL - Zone B Deposit (with application) $0.50/hectare $0.50/hectare Zone Zone A Zone B Annual Assessment Requirement $1.25/hectare in Year 1 increasing to $7.50 per hectare in Year 3 $0.50/hectare in Year 1 increasing to $4.00 per hectare in Year 5 Initial Ownership Term 3 years 5 years Renewal Term 3 years 5 years Grid Property & MEL# Thompson East: 1134A (Cuthbert Lake), 1135A (Wintering Lake) Fox River Belt: 1153B, 1132B, 1133B Area of Grid MELs 10,500 hectares 102,600 hectares Year 1 2021/22 Cost $13,250 $51,269 Year 1 Anniversary Sept. 8, 2022 Sept. 8, 2022 Year 1 Expiry Date Dec. 7, 2022 Dec. 7, 2022 Year 2 2022/23 Cost $53,000 $102,537 Year 2 Expiry Date Dec. 7, 2023 Dec. 7, 2023 Year 3 Cost $79,500 $153,806 Year 3 Expiry Date Dec. 7, 2024 Dec.7, 2024 Year 4 Cost $106,000 $307,611 Year 4 Expiry Date Dec. 7, 2025 Dec. 7, 2025 In September 2023, the Company received approval for three additional MELs - all of which directly adjoin the existing Wintering Lake license #1135A. Given financing conditions and the Company's continued focus on its southeast Manitoba properties, these new licenses were allowed to expire in January 2025. The acquisition of the Fox River West MELs represented a very rare opportunity to gain a large land position in both an established (Thompson Belt) and highly prospective frontier belt (Fox River). As detailed above, the Company completed a new airborne EM and magnetic survey over 3 prospective blocks within the Fox River West property. The Company is exploring options to fund and manage future exploration of these MELs including, but not limited to, partnering with an established nickel sulfide mining company and vending a NSR royalty. Above: Location of Grid's northern Manitoba Mineral Exploration Licenses acquired in September, 2021 Recent Exploration In 2024, the Company completed a detailed review of the 2022 VTEM survey results for the Wintering Lake and Cuthbert Lake licenses. This work has defined several drill-ready massive sulfide targets on both properties. An ongoing review of the 2024 Fox River West geophysical survey results is similarly expected to deliver several drill ready targets on that property. ONTARIO East Bull Lake Palladium Property Overview and Mineral Title The East Bull Lake Palladium Property ("EBL") consists of approximately 515 single cell and boundary mining claims held 100% by Grid which cover ~80% of the ~22km x ~4 km layered intrusion that hosts widespread, palladium-dominant disseminated sulfide mineralization. EBL is subject to underlying royalties held by the original optionors of the property of up to 3%. Grid focused the exploration at EBL for palladium in the area of the south margin looking for mineralization occurring in embayments or feeder structures in the intrusion. Above: Location of East Bull Lake Palladium Property Recent Exploration There has been no exploration at the property since 2021. The Company completed 31 drill holes totaling 8,021 metres during 2020 and 2021 at EBL targeting palladium-rich disseminated sulfide mineralization. There were many localized occurrences of significant palladium values and several narrow intercepts of high-grade copper and nickel massive sulfides in the footwall. No zones of economic significance at long term forecast palladium prices were identified in the drilling programs. No further work at EBL is planned at this time, but geochemical interpretations completed subsequent to the recent drilling programs highlight the potential for Sudbury-type, structurally-controlled massive nickel-copper sulfide mineralization below the palladium-rich mineralization. To that end, the Company has modelled the large number of massive sulfide-type EM anomalies located at the base of the intrusion and below the palladium-rich disseminated sulfide zone. These anomalies are interpreted to represent structurally-controlled massive magmatic sulfide mineralization and are expected to become the focus for future exploration at the property. Campus Creek Lithium Property Overview The Company owns a 100% interest in the early-stage Campus Creek lithium exploration project located near the town of Ignace in northwestern Ontario. The Property is subject to a joint venture agreement between Grid (75%) and Lithium Equities Investments LLC (LEI)), an investment fund managed by Waratah Capital Advisors (25%). Grid Metals is the operator of the Joint Venture. The Campus Creek property is located adjacent to International Lithium's Raleigh Lake property which hosts a maiden Measured and Indicated resource of 2.293 million tonnes grading 0.64% Li 2 0 (see International Lithium Corp. news release dated April 13, 2023). Mineral Title The property consists of approximately 51 single cell mineral claims approximately 240 km northwest of Thunder Bay. Exploration The Company completed an 885m drill program during the third quarter of 2022 which was focused on the area of the Highstone Dyke and a spodumene showing there. There were no significant lithium values obtained in any of the eight drill holes completed. With the decline in lithium prices and the focus of its activities in Manitoba, Grid has no plans for further exploration at Campus Creek at this time. Above : Location map of the Campus Creek lithium property SELECTED ANNUAL INFORMATION Selected audited annual information for the three most recently completed fiscal years, all reported under IFRS, are as follows: Years ended December 31, 2024 $ 2023 $ 2022 $ Net income (loss) before provision for income taxes (6,036,378) (10,371,762) 275,756 Net income (loss) after provision for income taxes (6,036,378) (10,371,762) 275,756 Basic and diluted loss per share (0.03) (0.06) (0.00) Total assets 1,534,608 12,790,483 12,901,272 DISCUSSION OF OPERATIONS Overview The following table provides selected financial information that should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Revenues None of the Company's properties have advanced to the point where a production decision can be made. As a consequence, the Company has no producing properties and no sales or revenues. From time to time the Company will earn interest from funds on deposit and other income from sale of property interests. Other Income In Q4-2024, the Company recorded an impairment of $303,489 related to the mill lease right-of-use asset and the corresponding lease liability. This adjustment was made following a reassessment of the lease terms, which resulted from amendments of the underlying lease agreement. As a result of this lease modification and impairment, the gain of $1,052,348 that had been previously recognized in earlier quarters of 2024 was fully offset in Q4-2024. The major items of other income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows: For the three months ended For the year ended December 31, December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Other income $ 12,315 $ 36,924 $ 143,899 $ 238,802 Forgiveness of debt 20,000 - 20,000 - Government Grant - - 97,500 - Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities (95,221) 299,716 230,571 168,397 Proceeds from property option agreements 400,000 - 455,000 133,750 Realized (loss) gain on marketable securities 458,133 - 554,461 (347,021) Gain on settlement of mill lease obligation (1,052,348) - - - Impairment loss on right of use asset 230,218 - (303,489) - The major expense items for years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows: For the three months ended For the year ended December 31, December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Exploration and evaluation expenses $ 2,562,320 $ 544,246 $ 6,222,765 $ 7,677,737 Management fees and directors fees 94,529 384,518 768,099 1,100,562 Office, general and administrative 221,814 135,357 705,637 711,064 Share-based payments 14,281 69,164 112,752 770,408 Professional and consulting fees 211,986 109,723 466,452 604,226 Public company costs 12,191 17,319 143,373 179,259 Amortization 365,440 129,790 808,749 151,197 Accretion (38,162) 135,237 229,271 135,237 Flow-through share premium recovery (2,222,778) - (2,222,778) (764,000) $ 1,221,621 $ 1,525,354 $ 7,234,320 $ 10,565,690 Exploration and Development Expenditures: For the year ended December 31, 2024 Donner Lake Campus Falcon Makwa Mayville Eagle Gossan Lithium Creek West Other Total Acquisition $ 6,052 $ - $ 204 $ 16 $ 15 $ - $ 150,929 $ 94,287 $ 251,503 Assays 55,064 37,602 70,062 - 89,224 - 83,623 12,477 348,052 Consulting 41,365 50,936 83,291 29,541 198,966 1,302 106,254 6,510 518,165 Drilling - - 961,695 - 902,569 - 506,678 - 2,370,942 Geological 73,027 40,103 6,912 - 6,611 - - 6,060 132,713 Geophysics 288,208 172,058 197,593 26,050 2,601 - 176,292 331,517 1,194,319 Labour 87,978 42,792 61,028 485 78,949 951 50,027 18,699 340,909 Other 124,153 114,538 90,434 50,316 263,348 546 87,737 9,986 741,058 Project Development - - - - 528,887 - - - 528,887 Subtotal $ 675,847 $ 458,029 $1,471,219 $ 106,408 $ 2,071,170 $ 2,799 $ 1,161,540 $ 479,536 $ 6,426,548 Reimbursements from JO partner - - - - (203,783) - - - (203,783) Total $ 675,847 $ 458,029 $1,471,219 $ 106,408 $ 1,867,387 $ 2,799 $ 1,161,540 $ 479,536 $ 6,222,765 For the year ended December 31, 2023 Donner Makwa Mayville Eagle Gossan Lake Lithium Campus Creek Falcon West Other Total Acquisition $ 533 $ 312 $ 247,650 $1,168,333 $ 857,142 $ - $ 368,020 $ (3,750) $ 2,638,240 Assays - 134,755 - - 406,370 44,723 10,923 7,720 604,491 Consulting 62,215 50,041 7,563 13,322 462,805 7,517 67,244 35,832 706,539 Drilling - 330,714 - - 2,311,604 144,249 - - 2,786,567 Geological 153,809 106,392 - - 363,700 - - 16,344 640,245 Geophysics 3,790 28,677 20,375 4,200 147,543 - - 32,475 237,060 Labour 49,654 58,311 1,741 7,099 242,138 42,715 16,448 11,262 429,368 Other 106,072 67,822 - 50 582,678 8,318 40,865 37,449 843,254 Project Development - - - - 313,005 - - - 313,005 Staking - - - - - - - 22,277 22,277 Subtotal $ 376,073 777,024 277,329 1,193,004 5,686,985 247,522 503,500 159,609 9,221,046 Reimbursements from JO partner - - - - (1,482,852) (60,457) - - (1,543,309) Total $ 376,073 $ 777,024 $ 277,329 $1,193,004 $ 4,204,133 $ 187,065 $ 503,500 $ 159,609 $ 7,677,737 SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS Selected financial information for the last eight fiscal quarters: 2024 Q4 $ 2024 Q3 $ 2024 Q2 $ 2024 Q1 $ Net income (loss) (1,248,554) (1,055,398) (512,010) (3,220,416) Basic and diluted loss per share (0.01) (0.01) (0.00) (0.01) 2023 Q4 2023 Q3 2023 Q2 2023 Q1 $ $ $ $ Net income (loss) (1,188,714) (2,069,270) (3,181,161) (3,932,617) Basic and diluted loss per share (0.01) (0.01) (0.02) (0.02) Comments on quarterly results 2024 - Q4 Results for the fourth quarter were a net loss of $1,248,254 vs a loss of $1,188,714 for the 2023 period. The increased loss in the 2024 period of $59,840 was mainly due to a $2,222,778 flow-through share premium recovery. This was also impacted by an increase in exploration and evaluation expenses of $2,018,074 to $2,562,320 spent in Q4-2024 (Q4-2023 - $544,246), a decrease in management fees and directors fees of $289,989 to $94,529 expensed in Q4-2024 (Q4-2023 - $384,518) and a decrease in unrealized loss on marketable securities of $394,937 to $95,221 loss in Q4-2024 (Q4-2023 - $299,716 gain) recognized by the Company during the period. 2024 - Q3 Results for the quarter were a net loss of $1,055,698 vs a net loss of $2,069,270 for the 2023 period. The decreased loss in the 2024 period was mainly due to the following: Exploration and evaluation expense declining $922,533 to $485,798 (2023 - $1,408,331); Management and directors' fees increasing $40,909 to $217,455 (2023 - $176,546) mainly due to severance costs; Office, general and administrative expense increasing $128,814 to $233,408 (2023 - $104,594) mainly due to the Company's contribution to 1911 mill operating expenses; Professional and consulting fees declining $132,764 to $56,406 (2023 - $189,170); Share-based compensation declining $134,342 to $28,614 (2023 - $189,170); Amortization increasing $129,049 to $136,228 (2023 - $7,179) mainly due to the recognition of the 1911 Mill lease asset amortization; Accretion of $69,218 (2023 - $nil) due to the recognition of the 1911 Mill lease liability; Unrealized gain on marketable securities of $106,149 (2023 - unrealized loss of $46,875), a Government Grant of $97,500 and, a realized gain on the sale of marketable securities of $96,328 (2023 - $nil). 2024 - Q2 Results for the quarter were a net loss of $512,010 vs a net loss of $3,181,161 for the 2023 period. The 2024 period included exploration and evaluation expense of $589,937 (2023 - $1,975,598), share-based compensation of $28,614 (2023 - $542,201), a gain of $1,052,348 from the gain on extinguishment of debt (2023 - $nil), loss on write-down of asset of $533,677 and a realized loss of $nil from the disposition of marketable securities (2023 - $289,359). 2024 - Q1 Results for the quarter were a net loss of $3,220,416 vs a net loss of $3,932,612 for the 2023 period. The 2024 period included exploration and evaluation expense of $2,487,210 (2023 - $3,749,562), flow-through share premium recovery of $nil (2023 - $764,000), share-based compensation of $55,581 (2023 - $10,425), a gain of $nil from the disposition of exploration and evaluation properties (2023 - $133,750), and a realized loss of $nil from the disposition of marketable securities (2023 - $347,021). LIQUIDITY The Company has no significant revenues and no expectation of significant revenues in the near term. The cash position of the Company is reduced as exploration and overhead expenses are incurred. The Company has working capital at December 31, 2024 of $131,905 (2023 - $4,439,860). CAPITAL RESOURCES During the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no unusual factors that affected the Company's capital resources. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements. TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN RELATED PARTIES Director's fees, professional fees and other compensation of directors and key management personnel were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023: 2024 2023 Short-term compensation and benefits $ 1,108,574 $ 1,441,666 Share-based payments (stock option, RSU and DSU grants) 108,017 584,919 Total key management compensation 1,216,591 2,026,585 Short-term compensation and benefits charged to exploration and evaluation expenditures amounted to $150,189 (2023 - $115,335). Amounts due to key management personnel included in accounts payable amounted to $106,278 (2023 - $51,438). Legal fees were charged by a legal firm during the period ended December 31, 2024, of which an officer of the Company is an employee, for legal and corporate secretarial services in the amount of $41,891 (2023 - $119,186). Accounts payable and accrued liabilities include $nil owing to the legal firm (2023 - $nil). Amounts due to related parties included in accounts payable are unsecured, non-interest bearing and due on demand. PROPOSED TRANSACTIONS There are no proposed transactions contemplated as of the date hereof. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates and judgments are continuously evaluated and are based on management's experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual outcomes can differ from these estimates. The key sources of estimation uncertainty that have a significant risk of causing material adjustment to the amounts recognized in the financial statements are: Income taxes and recoverability of potential deferred tax assets The Company is subject to income, value added, withholding and other taxes in various jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the Company's provisions for taxes. There are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary course of business. The Company recognizes liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. The determination of the Company's income, value added, withholding and other tax liabilities requires interpretation of complex laws and regulations often involving multiple jurisdictions. The Company's interpretation of taxation law as applied to transactions and activities may not coincide with the interpretation of the tax authorities. All tax related filings are subject to government audit and potential reassessment subsequent to the financial statement reporting period. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the tax related accruals and deferred income tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.

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