Ellah Lakes PlcNSENG: ELLAHLAKES

12-Months financial statements for the period ended 31 july 2025

· Issued by Ellah Lakes Plc
ELLAH LAKES PLC

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2025

ELLAH LAKES PLC

CONTENTS PAGE

Corporate Information 2

Results at a glance 3

Reports of the directors 4

Certification pursuant to Section 60 (2) of Investment and Securities Act No 29 of 2011. 6

Certification pursuant to Section 405 of Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020. 7

Statement of directors' responsibilities for the financial statements 8

Certification of Management's Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting 9

Assurance Report of Independent Consultant 11

Report of Statutory Audit Committee 13

Reports of the independent auditors 14

Consolidated and Separate Statement of Financial Position 17

Consolidated and Separate Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income 18

Consolidated and Separate Statement of Changes in Equity 19

Consolidated and Separate Statement of Cash Flows 20

Notes to the Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 21

Appendices:

Statement of Value added 47

Five - Year financial summary 48

1

CORPORATE INFORMATION

DIRECTORS:

Mr. Joe Attueyi Chairman

Mr. Chukwuka Mordi Managing Director

Mr. Enotie Ogbebor Executive Director

Ms. Nnenna Onyewuchi Independent Director

Mr. Evans Jakpa-Johns Executive Director

Ms. Osaro Oyegun Non-Executive Director

Mr. Maxwell Oko Non-Executive Director

Mr. Charles Anajemba Non-Executive Director

Mr. Emmanuel Jakpa Non-Executive Director

Mr. Kofoworola Majekodunmi Non-Executive Director

Mr. Nnaemeka Obiakor Non-Executive Director

Registration number: RC: 34296

Tax Identification Number: 00605321-0001

Company secretary: OAKE Legal

AIICO Plaza, Churchgate Street, Victoria Island, Lagos.

Registered office: Ellah Lakes Plc

10, Murtala Muhammed Way, Benin, Edo State.

Independent Auditors: Olabode Akande & Co. (Chartered Accountants)

270, Ikorodu Road, Obanikoro Lagos.

Bankers: Zenith Bank Plc

First City Monument Bank Plc Access Bank

United Bank for Africa Plc

Registrars Condros Registrars Limited

131, Ikorodu Road, Onipanu, Lagos

RESULTS AT A GLANCE

1,376,893

5,157,027

For the year

The Group

The Company

2025

₦'000

2024

₦'000

2025

₦'000

2024

₦'000

Major profit or loss items:

Revenue

67,104

780

67,104

-

Profit/(Loss) before taxation

(1,596,347)

(893,939)

(1,590,972)

(754,233)

Profit/(Loss) after taxation

(1,596,347)

(893,939)

(1,590,972)

(754,233)

At year end

2025

₦'000

2024

₦'000

2025

₦'000

2024

₦'000

Major financial position items:

Total assets

31,051,476

24,551,842

14,293,831

7,790,337

Total liabilities

8,391,029

2,703,342

8,319,481

2,633,309

Share Capital

1,929,087

1,376,893

1,929,087

1,376,893

Shareholders' fund

22,660,448

21,848,499

5,974,350

5,157,027

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS

The directors are pleased to submit herewith their report and the Consolidated audited financial statements of the company for year ended 31 July 2025.

The Group The Company

2025 2024 2025 2024

1 Result for the period ₦'000 ₦'000 ₦'000 ₦'000 Profit/(Loss) before taxation (1,596,347) (893,939) (1,590,972) (754,233) Taxation - - - 0

Other comprehensive income - - - -

Profit/(Loss) after taxation (1,596,347) (893,939) (1,590,972) (754,233)

  1. Principal activities

    The company is a public quoted company incorporated on 22 August, 1980 as a limited liability company. It was converted to public limited company on 16 June, 1992. It engages in the business of palm oil plantation and cassava plantation. It has recently expanded into piggery.

  2. Review of business and future developments

    1. The Crude Palm Oil Mill which was initially projected to be 3 tons per hour was upgraded to 5 tons per hour and has been commisioned and commenced production in July, 2025. No revenue has been recognised from the mill operations, however advance revenue were received for advance order which has been recorded in deferred revenue.

    2. A pig farm commenced operations during the year. There are already sales which have been recognised in the revenue for the year.

    3. The company has taken delivery of 17,000 seedlings ready for planting at year end. This is part of 150,000 seedlings purchased to be planted over 1,000 hectares of land in the next planting season.

  3. Directors

    The composition of the Board of directors is set out on page 2 of these financial statements.

  4. Directors interest in shares

    The interest of Directors in the issued share capital of the Company at 50 kobo each as recorded in the Register of Members and or notified by the Directors for the purpose of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020, and disclosed in accordance with the Listing Rules of the Nigerian Stock Exchange is as follows:

    2025 2024

    Name of Director Units (Direct) Units

    (Indirect) Units (Direct)

    Units (Indirect)

    i. Jakpa Emmanuel O.

    535,714,286

    -

    -

    -

    ii. Enotie Ogbebor

    81,071,303

    -

    355,708,705

    -

    iii. Osaro Oyegun

    93,000,100

    -

    94,000,000

    -

    iv. Francis Chukwuka Mordi

    -

    209,073,850

    -

    548,587,328

    v. Joe Attueyi

    62,557,001

    -

    62,557,001

    -

  5. Substantial Shareholders

    Name

    2025 2024

    Holding % Holding %

    1. Jakpa Emmanuel O. 535,714,286 13.89 - -

    2. Blackman & Co Limited 264,669,903 6.86 338,153,398 12.28

    3. CBO Capital Limited 209,073,850 5.42 548,587,328 19.92

    4. Lake - Oko Farms Ltd. - - 188,000,000 6.83

    5. MBC Securities Ltd - - 383,738,196 13.93

    6. Enotie Ogbebor - - 355,708,705 12.92

      We declare that no other shareholder aside from the above holds 5% and above of the issued and fully paid shares of the

      company. 4

      ELLAH LAKES PLC

      REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS

  6. Property, plant and equipment

    Movements in property, plant and equipment during the year are shown in Note 4 to the financial statements on Page 40. In the opinion of the directors, the market value of the Company's property, plant and equipment is not lower than the value shown in the financial statements.

  7. Analysis of Shareholders as at 31 July 2025

    Range

    No of

    Holders

    Holder's

    %

    Holder's

    Cumulative

    Units

    Units %

    Unit Cumulative

    1

    -

    1,000 4,567

    41

    4,567

    1,982,446

    0.05

    1,982,446

    1,001

    -

    10,000 2,905

    26

    7,472

    12,790,349

    0.33

    14,772,795

    10,001

    -

    20,000 731

    7

    8,203

    11,129,260

    0.29

    25,902,055

    20,001

    -

    50,000 960

    9

    9,163

    33,871,327

    0.88

    59,773,382

    50,001

    -

    100,000 600

    5

    9,763

    47,594,657

    1.23

    107,368,039

    100,001

    -

    500,000 911

    8

    10,674

    218,595,453

    5.67

    325,963,492

    500,001

    -

    1,000,000 199

    2

    10,873

    146,314,108

    3.79

    472,277,600

    1,000,001

    -

    20,000,000 217

    2

    11,090

    723,791,697

    18.76

    1,196,069,297

    20,000,001

    -

    50,000,000 9

    0

    11,099

    271,584,166

    7.04

    1,467,653,463

    50,000,001

    -

    100,000,000 8

    0

    11,107

    637,146,781

    16.51

    2,104,800,244

    100,000,001

    -

    200,000,000 5

    0

    11,112

    1,008,585,298

    26.14

    3,113,385,542

    200,000,001

    -

    500,000,000 2

    0

    11,114

    209,073,850

    5.42

    3,322,459,392

    500,000,001

    - and

    above 1

    0

    11,115

    535,714,286

    13.89

    3,858,173,678

    11,115

    100

    3,858,173,678

    100

  8. Dividend

    The directors have not recommended any dividend for the period ended 31 July 2025 because the company made loss during the period under review.

  9. Personnel

    1. Employment of disabled persons:

      The company does not discriminate in considering applications for employment including those from disabled persons. All employees are given equal opportunities to develop their knowledge and skills within the organisation. As at 31 July 2025 there were however, no disabled persons in the company's employment.

    2. Employee's involvement and training :

      The company is committed to keeping employees fully informed as far as possible regarding its performance and progress and seeking their views wherever practicable on matters, which particularly affect them as employees. The Company provides a range of training from time to time with potential broadening opportunities for employees' career development within the organisation.

    3. Staff welfare and safety at work:

    The Company places high premium on its human resources and there is in existence provision for lunch, rent and transport allowances. The Company conducts its activities in a way to take foremost account of the safety of its employees and other persons.

  10. Donations

    The company did not make donation to any organisation during the year.

  11. Auditors

Messrs Olabode Akande & Co. (Chartered Accountants) have indicated their willingness to continue as auditors in accordance with Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020. A resolution will be proposed to authorise the directors to fix their remuneration.



By order of the Board

LAGOS, Nigeria

10th October

2025

OAKE Legal Company Secretary

Certification Pursuant to Section 60(2) of Investment and Securities Act No. 29 of 2011

We the undersigned hereby certify the following with regards to our financial reports for the year ended 31 July 2025 that:

  1. We have reviewed the report:

  2. To the best of our knowledge, the report does not contain:

    1. Any untrue statement of material effect, or

    2. Omit to state a material fact, which would make the statements misleading in the light of the circumstances under which such statements were made:

  3. To the best of our knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in the report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of, and for the period presented in the report.

  4. We:

    1. Are responsible for establishing and maintaining internal controls;

    2. Have designed such internal controls to ensure that materials information relating to the company is made known to such officers by others within the entity particularly during the period in which the periodic report are being prepared.

    3. Have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's internal controls as of date within 90 days prior to the report;

    4. Have presented in our report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the company's internal controls based on our evaluation as of that date.

  5. We are not aware of and have disclosed as such to the Auditors and the Audit Committee:

    (i)

    (ii)

    Significant deficiencies in the design and operation of internal controls which would adversely affect the Company's ability to record, process, summarise and report financial data and have identified for the company's auditors any material weakness in internal controls; and

    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have significant role in the company's internal controls;



  6. We have identified in the report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weakness.



Chukwuka Mordi Olushola Dehindilu

Managing Director Finance Manager

FRC/2014/CIBN/00000005906 FRC/2025/PRO/ICAN/001/111277

Certification Pursuant to Section 405 of Company and Allied Matters Act 2020

We the undersigned hereby certify with regards to our financial reports for the year ended July 31, 2025 that;

  1. the audited financial statements have been reviewed and based on our knowledge that:

    1. the audited financial statements do not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact, which would make the statements misleading, in the light of the circumstances under which such statement was made, and

    2. audited financial statements and all other financial information included in the statements fairly present, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operation of the company as of and for, the periods covered by the audited financial statements;

  2. the officer who signed the audited financial statements-

    1. is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal controls and has designed such internal controls to ensure that material information relating to the company and its subsidiaries is made known to the officer by other officers of the companies, particularly during the period in which the audited financial statement report is being prepared,

  3. i.

    ii.

    has evaluated the effectiveness of the group's internal controls within 90 days prior to the date of its audited financial statements, and

    certifies that the company's internal controls are effective as of that date;

    officer who signed the audited financial statements disclosed to the company's auditors and audit committee:

    all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarise and report financial data, and has identified for the company's auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls, and

    whether or not, there is any fraud that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company's internal control; and



  4. officer who signed the report, has indicated in the report, whether or not, there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.



    Chuka Mordi Olushola Dehinsilu

    Managing Director Finance Manager

    FRC/2014/CIBN/00000005906 FRC/2025/PRO/ICAN/001/111277

    Statement of Directors' Responsibility in relation to the preparation of the Financial Statements

    The Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020, requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year that give a true and fair view of the state of financial affairs of the Company at the end of the year and of its profit or loss. The responsibilities include ensuring that the Company:

    1. keeps proper accounting records that disclose, with reasonable accuracy, the financial position of the Company and comply with the requirements of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2022, and the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (Amendment) Act, 2023.

    2. establishes adequate internal controls to safeguard its assets and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities and;

    3. prepares its financial statements using suitable accounting policies supported by reasonable and prudent judgements and estimates and are consistently applied.

The directors accept responsibility for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements which have been prepared using appropriate accounting policies supported by reasonable and prudent judgement and estimates, in compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and in the manner required by the Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020 and the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (Amendment) Act, 2023. This responsibility includes: designing, implementing and maintaining adequate internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatements, whether due to fraud or error; and preparing its financial statements using suitable accounting policies supported by reasonable and prudent judgements and estimates which are consistently applied.

The Directors further accept responsibility for the maintenance of accounting records that may be relied upon in the preparation of financial statements, as well as adequate internal control system.

The Directors have made assessment of the Company's ability to continue as a going concern and have no reason to believe that the Company will not remain a going concern entity in the years ahead.



Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors by:



Chukwuka Mordi Ms Nnenna Onyewuchi

Managing Director Director

FRC/2014/CIBN/00000005906 FRC/2020/003/00000021999

Certification of Management's Assessment of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

To comply with the provision of Section 1.1 of SEC Guidance on Implementation of Section 60-63 of the Investments and Securities Act, 2007, I hereby make the following statements regarding the Internal Controls of ELLAH LAKES PLC for the year ended 31 JULY 2025.

We, Chuka Mordi (Managing Director) and Olushola Dehinsilu (Finance Manager) certify that:

  1. We have reviewed this management assessment on internal control over financial reporting of ELLAH LAKES PLC.

  2. Based on our knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, considering the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

  3. Based on our knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the entity as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

  4. We:

    1. Are responsible for establishing and maintaining internal controls;

    2. Have designed such internal controls and procedures, or caused such internal controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the entity, and its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

    3. Have signed such internal control system, or caused such internal control system to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

    4. Have evaluated the effectiveness of the entity's internal controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the report and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the internal controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation.

  5. We have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of the internal control system, to the entity's auditors and the audit committee of the entity's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

    1. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of the internal control system which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the entity's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

    2. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have significant role in the group's internal controls system.



  6. We have identified in the report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or other facts that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weakness.



Chuka Mordi Olushola Dehinsilu

Managing Director Finance Manager

FRC/2014/CIBN/00000005906 FRC/2025/PRO/ICAN/001/111277

Management's Annual Assessment of, and Report on, ELLAH LAKES PLC Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

To comply with the provision of Section 1.3 of SEC Guidance on Implementation of Section 60-63 of the Investments and Securities Act, 2007, we hereby make the following statements regarding the Internal Controls of ELLAH LAKES PLC for the year ended 31 JULY 2025:

i.

ii

iii. iv.

ELLAH LAKES PLC management is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of internal control over financial reporting ("ICFR") that provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.

ELLAH LAKES PLC management used the Committee of Sposoring organisation of the Treadway Commission (COSO) Internal Control-Integrated Framework to conduct the required evaluation of the effectiveness of the entity's ICFR;

ELLAH LAKES PLC management has assessed that the entity's ICFR as of the end of 31 JULY is effective.

ELLAH LAKES PLC external auditor OLABODE AKANDE & CO., which audited the financial statements included in the annual report, has issued an attestation report on management's assessment of the entity's internal control over financial reporting. The attestation report of Messrs Olabode Akande & Co. that audited its financial statements will be filed as part of the ELLAH LAKES PLC annual report.



Name:

Olushola Dehinsilu

Finance Manager

Name:

Chuka Mordi

Managing Director

FRC No:

FRC/2025/PRO/ICAN/001/111277

Signature:

FRC/2014/CIBN/00000005906

Consultant's Assessment of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

13th October 2025.

The Managing Director, Ellah Lakes Plc.

10, Muritala Mohammed Way, Benin City, Edo State,

Nigeria.

Dear Sir,

Subject: Report on Review of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (ICFR)

In accordance with the requirements of Ellah Lakes Plc, we performed a limited assurance engagement and reported on

management's assessment of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of July 2025.

The work performed was done in accordance with the Guidance on Implementation of Sections 60 - 63 of the Investments and Securities Act 2007 and the requirement of the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN). which requires public companies (subject to the reporting requirements of the Act) and Public Interest Entities (PIEs) to include in their annual reports a report of management on the company's internal control system. A public company and Public Interest Entities are required to file the auditor's attestation report as part of the annual report.

The Management of Ellah Lakes Plc is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal Controls over financial reporting. ICFR refers to the controls specifically designed to address risks related to financial reporting.

Kreston Pedabo has performed a review of the Internal Control over the financial reporting of Ellah Lakes Plc for the purpose of determining the existence and adequacy of Internal Controls around the preparation of its financial statements.

We conducted our review using the criteria established by the Treadway Commission's Committee of Sponsoring

Organizations (COSO) Internal Control-Integrated Framework 2013. Our procedures included examining entity-level controls, general controls, and transaction-specific controls. While there are general controls in place, we noted certain areas requiring improvement to further strengthen the overall internal control framework and mitigate potential risks of misstatement as of July 2025.

Yours faithfully,



For: Kreston Pedabo Professional Services





A

OLABODE AKANDE & CO.

(CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS)

AUDIT • TAXATION • ADVISORY

270, tkorodu Road,

Obanikoro, Lagos.



+234 (0) 803 309 5806,

+234 (0) 705 940 0265

info@oaprofessionals.com https://www.oaprofessionaIs.com

To the members of Ellah Lakes Plc

Attestation Statement on Review of Consultant's Report on Internal Control over financial Reporting

As the appointed external auditor of Ellah Lakes Plc, we hereby confinn that we have reviewed the report prepared by Preston Pedabo in respect of the company's internal cone o1 over financial reporting (ICFR) for the financial year ended July 31, 2025.

The Consultant was engaged by the company to perform an inttependent review of the design and operating effectiveness of controls relevant to financial reporting. We have evaluated the scope, methodology, and tindtngs of the Consultant's report as part of our audit procedures.

Our review was conducted in accordance with applicable auditing standards and the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) guidelines. Bascd on our review', we are satisfied that the Consultant's work was carried out with appropriate professional competence and objectivity, and thal the findings therein were considered in our assessment of the company's intemai conti of environment.



Th is attestation does not constitute an audit opinion on the Consultant's report, nor does it replace our independent eval uatiun oi' internal controls as required under applicable auditing standards. However. it serves to confirm th8f the Consultant's repori was duly reviewed rind t'hctoseâ into our audit planning rind risk assessment.

Mr. Olabode A kande FRCf20lS/I CAN/fl00lltitilll7SS



(C ptter«d Accountantsj Lagos, Nigeria

13" October, 2025

12



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ELLAH LAKES PLC

Report of the Audit Committee

To the Members of Ellah Lakes Plc.

In accordance with the provisions of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020, we, the members of the Audit Committee of Ellah Lakes Plc, having carried out our statutory functions under the Act, hereby report that:

  1. The accounting and reporting policies of the company are consistent with legal requirements and ethical practices.

  2. We reviewed the scope and planning of the external audit for the period ended July 31, 2025 and we confirm that they were adequate.

  3. We have considered the independent auditors' post-audit report and management responses thereon, and are satisfied thereto.

    Members of Audit Committee are:

    1. Ms. Osaro Oyegun Chairman

    2. Mr. Olugbosun Banji Shareholders Representative

    3. Mr. Emmanuel Okoahaba Shareholders Representative

    4. Mr. Oladayo Makanjuola Shareholders Representative



    5. Ms. Nnenna Onyewuchi Directors Representative

      Ms. Osaro Oyegun

      Chairman of the Audit Committee FRC/2020/003/ 00000022066

      Date:…1…3t…h .O..…cto…b…er., 2025

      13





      A

      OLABODE AKANDE & CO.

      (CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS)

      AUDIT • TAXATION * ADYISORY

      270, Ikorodu Road, Obanikoro, Lagos.





      +234 (0) 803.309.5806,

      +234 (0) 705.940.0265



      info@oaprofessionals.com https://www.oaprofessionals.com

      REPORTOFTHElNDEPENDENTAUDITORS

      TO THE MEMBERS OF

      ELLAH LAKES PLC

      Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements

      Opinion

      We have audited the financial statements of the Ellah Lakes Plc, which comprise the statement of financial position as at 31 July 2025, and the statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and statement of cash flows ror the year then ended, and notes to die financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

      In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position of Ellah Lakes Plc as at 3.1 July 2025, jts financial performance and its cash flows for the year then ended on that date, and comply with Companies and A1li•d Matters Act, 2020 and the applicable International Financial Reporting Standards in the wanner iequired by the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria Act 2011

      Basis of Opinion

      We cr›i1ducted our audir in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the &udfiOr 's Respoitsibilitiesfor the Aydit of the Jiiioncia/ Statements section of our repori. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the Intemauonal Ethics Standard Board for Accountants' Code of Ethics for ProfeSsional Accountants (IESBA Code) together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to oin audit o* the financia: statements in Nlgeria, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements rind the IESBA Code. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and

      upprooriatu to provide a basis for ouj opinion.

      Key Audit Matters

      Kev audit mattc•rs are those matters 1!iat in our professional judgement were of significant importance in the performance ot our audio of the *inancia1 statements. These matters were fully addressed during the audit and in form.ing our opinion. We do not provide o separate opinion on these matter s.

      1. £?rude Palm Gil Milling Ptan‹

        7'he Crude Pal m Oil Mill which was initially projected to be 3 tons per your was upgraded to 5 tons per hour and hss been coirmisi‹›neJ and commenced production in July, 2025. No revenue lIaS been recognised from tire mill operations, ho 'ever advance revenue were received for advance order which has been recorded in deferred revenue,

        14



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      2. Plantation

        The coiiipany has taken delivery of 17,000 seedlings ready for planting at year end. This is part of 150,000 seedlings purchased to be planted over 1,000 hectares of 1on‹I dtu try the next planting season.

      3. Commencement of Pig Farming

        A pig farm commenced operations during the year. There are are already sales which have been recognised in the revenue for the year.

      4. ELP Sunshine Limited

        The interest of the company in fiLP Sunshine Limited which was 80% while Ondo State Government through Ondo State Invesfinent and Promotion Agency was 20% is being reviewed as Ondo State Government has indicated its intention to withdrawal front the arrangement, but instead prefer to lease the land (2,800 hectares) to Ellah Lakes Plc.

      5. Adarii Staple Crop Processing Zone Food Company Limited

        Activities on the company is presently on hold as Enugu State Government that has l0*Zo of the company hns i equested its interest to be tiicrensed to 40%. Discussions are on going. The decision may have effect on the land bank of the company.

      6. Conversion of debts to Equities

        The company converted some of its debts to equities during the year. This has increased the paid up share capital from N1,376,593,350 to N1,929,087,000 and reduced it debts balance.

        Responsibilities of the Directors for the Financial Statements

        The Directors are responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial stntements which are in compliance with the requirements of both Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria Act, No. 6 of 2011 and the Coiripanies and Allied Matters Act, 202D. This responsibility includes: designing, implementing and maintaining internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements that are free from material iiusstatements, selecting and applying appropriate accounting policies, and making accounting estimates that are reasonable in the circumstances.

        .Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

        Our responsibility is to express an independent opinion on ihese financial statements based on our audit. We conducted Our audit in accordance with Nigerian Standards on Auditing (NSAs) issued by tire Instimte of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria.

        Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan arid perform the audit to obtain ieasonable assurancc that the financial statements are free from material misstatement.

        An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amount* and disclosures in the financial st:moments. 'The procedures selected depend on the auditors' judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statefrients. ln making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entiry's preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures tliai arc appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of.expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's iutenial control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasorableness of accounting estimates innde by the Directors, as weii as evaiuating the overal I presentation of the financial statements.

        15



        www. nfo aprofeszicnols cut a

        Report on Other Legel and Regulatory Requirements

        Tire Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020 reqiures that in carrying out out audit we consider aid report to you on the following matters. We confirm that: -

        1. we have ob}nined all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the pm-pose of our audit;

        2. in our ppirioli, proper books of account have been kept by the Company; and

        3. fire Company's statement of financial position and pi'ofit pr toss and other comprehensive income are in agreement with the books of account.





Mr. Olnbode Akande

FRC/2015/1 CAN/0t100000I755

for

tilabode Akande & Co. ' (C hartered Accountant5)



16

Logos, Nigeria

13tb October, 2025



ELLAH LAKES PLC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 JULY 2025

The Group The Company

Notes

2025

2024

2025

2024

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

Assets

Non-Current assets

Property, plant and equipment

4

24,506,498

22,862,083

1,859,497

215,083

Biological assets

5

14,615

585,121

14,615

-

Goodwill

6

57,689

57,689

-

-

Investment in subsidiaries

7

-

-

4,795,500

4,795,500

Other assets

8

13,664

13,664

2,178

2,178

Resricted cash

9

483,213

673,139

483,213

673,139

25,075,678

24,191,696

7,155,004

5,685,901

Current assets

Inventory

10

-

96,264

-

-

Receivables

11

75,502

20,621

73,502

18,621

Intercompany

12

-

-

1,165,175

1,842,701

Cash and cash equivalents

13

5,900,296

243,261

5,900,149

243,114

5,975,798

360,145

7,138,827

2,104,435

Total assets

31,051,476

24,551,842

14,293,831

7,790,337

Liabilities

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

14

877,686

1,321,807

806,732

1,252,368

Borrowings

15.1

-

713,320

-

713,320

Current tax payable

17.1

570

570

570

570

878,256

2,035,696

807,302

1,966,258

Non-current liabilities

Borrowings

15.2

447,424

658,000

447,424

658,000

Payables to related parties

16

7,065,262

9,559

7,064,652

8,949

Deferred tax

17.2

88

88

103

103

7,512,773

667,646

7,512,179

667,052

Total liabilities

8,391,029

2,703,342

8,319,481

2,633,309

Equity

Share Capital

18

1,929,087

1,376,893

1,929,087

1,376,893

Share premium

19

8,203,178

5,663,088

8,203,178

5,663,088

Deposit for shares

20

2,498,641

3,127,041

200,966

829,366

Retained earnings

(5,609,035)

(3,957,100)

(5,069,668)

(3,423,107)

Reserves

710,788

710,788

710,788

710,788

Revaluation surplus

28

14,927,789

14,927,789

-

-

Total equity

22,660,448

21,848,499

5,974,350

5,157,027

Total liabilities and equity

31,051,477

24,551,842

14,293,831

7,790,337

Interests in equity attributable to:

Controlling interests

17,086,402

16,956,864

-

-

Non-controlling interests

30.2

5,574,045

4,891,635

-

-

22,660,448

21,848,499

-

-

21,868,919

791,528

21,048,599

799,900







The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on…1…0…th…O.c…to..b...e..r., 2025 and signed on its behalf by:

Chukwuka Mordi Chief Executive Officer

FRC/2014/CIBN/00000005906

Ms. Nnenna Onyewuchi Director FRC/2020/003/00000021999

Olushola Dehindilu Finance Manager

FRC/2025/PRO/ICAN/001/111277

The significant accounting policies on pages 21 to 46 and the notes on pages 47 to 49 form an integral part of these financial statements

17

ELLAH LAKES PLC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2025

The Group The Company

Notes

2025

2024

2025

2024

Revenue

21

₦'000

67,104

₦'000

780

₦'000

67,104

₦'000

-

Cost of sales

22

1,115

-

1,115

-

Gross profit/(loss)

65,989

780

65,989

-

Expenses:

Administrative expenses

23

(666,773)

(297,242)

(661,398)

(280,498)

Personnel expenses

24

(786,121)

(591,451)

(786,121)

(467,710)

Depreciation

4

(4,624)

(3,845)

(4,624)

(3,844)

(1,457,518)

(892,537)

(1,452,143)

(752,051)

Finance costs

25

(51,471)

(147,622)

(51,471)

(147,622)

Gain/(loss) on foreign exchange

26

(191,990)

129,508

(191,990)

129,508

Other income

27

38,643

15,933

38,643

15,933

(204,818)

(2,181)

(204,818)

(2,181)

Operating profit/(loss)

(1,596,347)

(893,939)

(1,590,972)

(754,233)

Taxation

17

-

-

-

0

Profit/(loss) for the year Other comprehensive income:

(1,596,347)

(893,939)

(1,590,972)

(754,233)

Fair value

Gain/(loss) on biological assets

(44,151)

164,597

(44,151)

-

(1,640,498)

(729,342)

(1,635,123)

(754,233)

Loss attributable to: Owners of the parent

(1,596,024)

(893,717)

-

-

Non-controlling interest

29.2

(323)

(222)

-

-

(1,596,347)

(893,939)

-

-

Earning per share (kobo)

(0.41)

(0.32)

(0.41)

(0.27)

The significant accounting policies on pages 21 to 46 and the notes on pages 47 to 49 form an integral part of these financial statements

ELLAH LAKES PLC

The Group

Notes

Share capital

Share

Deposit for

Retained

Other Equity

Revaluation

Total

premium

shares

earnings

reserve

surplus

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

At 1 August 2024 1,376,893 5,663,088 3,127,041 (3,957,100) 710,788

14,927,789

21,848,499

Addition 552,193 2,540,090 (628,400) - -

-

2,463,883

Adjustment to retained earning

29

-

-

- (11,437) - - (11,437)

Disposal/allotment

-

-

- - - -

Profit/(loss) for the year

-

-

-

(1,596,347)

-

-

(1,596,347)

Other comprehensive income

-

-

-

(44,151)

-

-

(44,151)

At 31 July 2025

1,929,087

8,203,178

2,498,641

(5,609,035) 710,788 14,927,789 22,660,448

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000 ₦'000 ₦'000 ₦'000

At 1 August 2023

1,000,000

3,854,000

3,486,857

(4,063,353) 710,788 14,927,789 19,916,081

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2025

Addition 376,893 1,809,088 828,400

-

-

3,014,381

Adjustment to retained earning - - -

835,595

-

-

835,595

Reversal

-

-

(1,188,216)

-

-

-

(1,188,216)

Profit/(loss) for the year

-

-

-

(893,939)

-

-

(893,939)

Other comprehensive income

-

-

-

164,597

-

-

164,597

At 31 July 2024 1,376,893 5,663,088 3,127,041 (3,957,100) 710,788

14,927,789

21,848,499

The Company

Share capital

Share premium

Deposit for shares

Retained earnings

Other Equity reserve

Revaluation surplus

Total

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

At 1 August 2024

1,376,893

5,663,088

829,366

(3,423,107)

710,788

-

5,157,027

Addition

552,193

2,540,090

-

-

-

3,092,283

Disposal/allotment

(628,400)

-

-

-

(628,400)

Adjustment to retained earning

29

-

-

-

(11,438)

-

-

(11,438)

Profit/(loss) for the year

-

-

-

(1,590,972)

-

-

(1,590,972)

Other comprehensive income

-

-

-

(44,151)

-

-

(44,151)

At 31 July 2025

1,929,087

8,203,178

200,966

(5,069,668)

710,788 - 5,974,350

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

₦'000

At 1 August 2023

1,000,000

3,854,000

1,189,182

(3,432,731)

710,788

-

3,321,238

Deposit for shares

376,893

1,809,088

828,400

-

-

-

3,014,381

Profit/(loss) for the year

-

-

-

(754,233)

-

-

(754,233)

Reversal

-

-

(1,188,216)

-

-

-

(1,188,216)

Adjustment to retained earnings

-

-

-

763,857

-

-

763,857

Other comprehensive income

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

At 31 July 2024 1,376,893 5,663,088 829,366

(3,423,107)

710,788 - 5,157,027

The significant accounting policies on pages 21 to 46 and the notes on pages 47 to 49 form an integral part of these financial statements.

ELLAH LAKES PLC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2025

The Group The Company

Cashflows from operating activities

2025

₦'000

2024

₦'000

2025

₦'000

2024

₦'000

Profit/(loss) before taxation

(1,596,347)

(893,939)

(1,590,972)

(754,234)

Adjustment for:

Retained earnings

(11,437)

834,842

(11,438)

763,858

Fair value gain in biological assets

(44,151)

164,597

(44,151)

-

Depreciation

4,624

3,845

4,624

3,845

(1,647,311)

109,345

(1,641,937)

13,469

Working capital:

Changes in biological assets

570,506

(264,549)

(14,615)

-

Changes in Inventories

96,264

(96,264)

-

-

Receivables

(54,882)

(15,262)

(54,882)

(15,262)

Intercompany

-

-

677,525

(625,301)

Changes in payables

(444,121)

(19,408)

(445,636)

(1,387)

167,767

(395,483)

162,392

(641,950)

Net cash from/(used in) operating activities

(1,479,543)

(286,138)

(1,479,545)

(628,481)

Cash flows from investing activities:

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

(1,649,038)

(212,033)

(1,649,038)

(212,033)

Other assets

-

147,500

-

150,000

Net cash used in investing activities

(1,649,038)

(64,532)

(1,649,038)

(62,033)

Cash flows from financing activities:

Inflow from shares capital

552,193

376,893.35

552,193

376,893

Share premium

2,540,090

1,809,088.08

2,540,090

1,809,088

Deposit for shares

(628,400)

(359,816)

(628,400)

(359,816)

Short-term borrowing

(713,320)

(245,769)

(713,320)

(245,769)

Long term borrowing

(210,576)

(188,000)

(210,576)

(188,000)

Loan received/(paid) from/to related parties

7,055,703

(362,325)

7,055,703

(22,512)

Restricted cash

189,927

(442,346)

189,927

(442,346)

Net cash from/(used in) financing activities

8,785,618

587,724

8,785,618

927,538

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

5,657,036

237,054

5,657,035

237,024

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of

the year

243,260

6,207

243,115

6,091

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

5,900,296

243,260

5,900,149

243,115

The significant accounting policies on pages 21 to 46 and the notes on pages 47 to 49 form an integral part of these financial statements

1 Reporting Entity

Ellah Lakes Plc is a public limited company incorporated on 22 August 1980 with Corporate Affairs Commission as a private limited liability company with registration number RC 34296. It was converted to public limited company on 16 June 1992.

In May 2019, Ellah Lakes acquired Telluria Farms, an oil palm production company with 2400 hectares of farm land in Edo State. This changed the corporate mission to the production of oil palm and its derivative products, as well as other cash crops.

The company also acquired 5,000 hectares of land in Ondo State (to be used for planting cassava, soybean and maize), A subsidiary company - ELP Sunshine Limited was incorporated in which Ellah Lakes holds 80%. In addition the company acquired another 5,000 hectares in Enugu State in which it has a subsidiary - Adani Staple Crop Processing Zone Food Company Limited with 65% holding, the farm is being developed for soybeans and rice in partnership with Enugu State Government.

The company engages in carrying on business as agricultural producers, dealing in oil palm produce, cassava plantation etc.

  1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

    The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These accounting policies have been fully applied to the financial statements.

    1. Basis of preparation

  1. Statement of compliance

    The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standard as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"), and in compliance with the requirements of the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) of Nigeria Act No. 6 of 2011. The standard has been adopted and applied in preparing these financial statements without any reservation.

  2. Basis of measurement

    The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis.

  3. Functional and presentation currency

    These financial statements are presented in Nigerian Naira (₦) which is the Company's functional currency.

  4. Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

  1. Going concern

    The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The directors have no doubt that the Croup would remain in exitence after 12 months from the date of this financial statements.

  2. a. Changes in accounting policies and disclosures

    New standards, interpretations and amendments were issued in respect of periods beginning on (or after) 1st August, 2024. The company has elected to adopt them in these financial statements with no significant impact. The nature and effect of each new standard, interpretation and amendment adopted by the company are as detailed below:

    IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts - The standard was issued in May 2017 as a replacement for IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. It requires a current measurement model where estimates are re-measured each reporting period. Contracts are measured using the building blocks of:

    • discounted probability-weighted cash flows

    • an explicit risk adjustment, and

      a contractual service margin ("CSM") representing the unearned profit of the contract which is recognized

    • as revenue over the coverage period.

The standard allows a choice between recognizing changes in discount rates either in the statement of profit or loss or directly in other comprehensive income. The choice is likely to reflect how insurers account for their financial assets under IFRS 9. An optional, simplified premium allocation approach is permitted for the liability for the remaining coverage for short duration contracts, which are often written by non-life insurers.

There is a modification of the general measurement model called the "variable fee approach" for certain contracts written by life insurers where policy holders share in the returns from underlying items. When applying the variable fee approach the entity's share of the fair value changes of the underlying items is included in the contractual service margin. The results of insurers using this model are therefore likely to be volatile than under the general model. The new rules will affect the financial statements and key performance indicators of all entities that issue insurance contracts or investment contracts with discretionary participation features 1 January, 2021.

b. Amendment to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements - Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current

The amendments to IAS 1 published in January 2020 affect only the presentation of liabilities as current or non-current in the statement of financial position and not the amount or timing of recognition of any asset, liability, income or expenses, or the information disclosed about those items.

The amendments clarify that the classification of liabilities as current or non-current is based on rights that are in existence at the end of the reporting period, specify that classification is unaffected by expectations about whether an entity will exercise its right to defer settlement of a liability, explain that rights are in existence if covenants are complied with at the end of the reporting period, and introduce a definition of "settlement" to make clear that settlement refers to the transfer to the counterparty of cash, equity instruments, other assets or services.

The amendments to the requirements in IAS 1 on classification of liabilities as current or non-current with effective date of the application on 1 January 2024.

  1. Property, plant and equipment

    Property, plant and equipment as tangible assets held for use in the production or supply of goods and services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes and are expected to be used during more than one period. IFRS requires that items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses (if any). The cost of property, plant and equipment includes expenditure incurred during construction, delivery and modification. Other subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits associated with the asset to which it relates. Where a substantial period of time is required to bring the asset into use, attributable finance costs are capitalised and included in the cost of the relevant asset. Depreciation is provided on straight line basis to allocate the cost/revalue amounts less their residual values over the estimated useful lives of the various classes of asset as follows:

    Land Nil

    Building 50 years

    Plants and machinery 10 years

    Capitalised motor vehicles

    5 years

    Furniture and fittings 5 years

    Biological Asset: Palm Plantation 25 years

    The asset's residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively if appropriate to reflect the relevant market conditions and expectations, obsolescence and normal wear and tear.

    Impairment review is carried out when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairment losses on non-revalue assets are recognised in the income statement as an expense, while reversals of impairment losses are also stated in the income statement.

    An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on de recognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the income statement when the asset is derecognised.

  2. Intangible assets

    Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. After initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses (if any).

    The useful life of the intangible asset is reviewed at each financial year end. If the expected useful life is different from the previous estimates, the amortisation period will change. And if there is a change due to the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, the amortisation period will change to reflect the pattern which will be accounted for as a change in accounting estimate.

  3. Biological assets

Biological assets are measured on initial recognition and at subsequent reporting dates at fair value less estimated costs to sell, unless fair value cannot be reliably measured.

The gain on initial recognition of biological assets at fair value less costs to sell, and changes in fair value less costs to sell of biological assets during a period, are included in profit or loss.

A gain on initial recognition of agricultural produce at fair value less costs to sell are included in profit or loss for the period in which it arises.

All costs related to biological assets that are measured at fair value are recognised as expenses when incurred, other than costs to purchase biological assets.

  1. Financial instruments

  2. Initial recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities

    1. Initial recognition

      The company shall recognise a financial asset or a financial liability in its statement of financial position when, and only when, it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

      A regular way purchase or sale of financial assets shall be recognised and derecognised, as applicable, using trade date accounting or settlement date accounting.

    2. Initial measurement

At initial recognition, the company shall measure a financial asset or financial liability at its fair value plus or minus, in the case of a financial asset or financial liability not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset or financial liability.

However, if the fair value of the financial asset or financial liability at initial recognition differs from the transaction price, an entity shall apply paragraph B5.1.2A of IFRS 9.

When the company uses settlement date accounting for an asset that is subsequently measured at amortised cost, the asset is recognised initially at its fair value on the trade date.

At initial recognition, the company shall measure trade receivables at their transaction price (as defined in IFRS 15) if the trade receivables do not contain a significant financing component in accordance with IFRS 15 (or when the entity applies the practical expedient in accordance with paragraph 63 of IFRS 15).

  1. Classification of financial assets

    The company shall classify financial assets as:

    1. those items to be subsequently measured at amortised cost,

    2. those to be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income or,

    3. those to be measured at fair value through profit or loss. On the basis of both following conditions:

      1. the company's business model for managing the financial assets and

      2. the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

  2. Classification of financial liabilities

The company shall classify all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost, except for:

  1. financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. Such liabilities, including derivatives that are liabilities, shall be subsequently measured at fair value.

  2. financial liabilities that arise when a transfer of a financial asset does not qualify for derecognition or when the continuing involvement approach applies. Paragraphs 3.2.15 and 3.2.17 of IFRS 9 apply to the measurement of such financial liabilities.

  3. financial guarantee contracts. After initial recognition, an issuer of such a contract shall (unless paragraph 4.2.1(a) or (b) applies of IFRS 9) subsequently measure it at the higher of:

    1. the amount of the loss allowance determined in accordance with Section 5.5 of IFRS 9 and

    2. the amount initially recognised (paragraph 5.1.1 of IFRS 9) less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of IFRS 15.

  4. commitments to provide a loan at a below-market interest rate. An issuer of such a commitment shall (unless paragraph 4.2.1(a) of IFRS 9 applies) subsequently measure it at the higher of:

    1. the amount of the loss allowance determined in accordance with Section 5.5 of IFRS 9 and

    2. the amount initially recognised (paragraph 5.1.1 of IFRS 9) less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of IFRS 15.

  5. contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which IFRS 3 applies. Such contingent consideration shall subsequently be measured at fair value with changes recognised in profit or loss.

  1. Reclassification

    When, and only when, the company changes its business model for managing financial assets it shall reclassify all affected financial assets in accordance with IFRS 9.

    If the company reclassifies financial assets, it shall apply the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date. The company shall not restate any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

    The company shall not reclassify any financial liability.

  2. Subsequent measurement of financial assets

    After initial recognition, the company shall subsequently measure financial assets as either:

    1. those measured at amortised cost;

    2. those measured at fair value through other comprehensive income; or

    3. those measured at fair value through profit or loss.

  3. Measurement of financial assets

    1. A financial asset shall be measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

      1. the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and

      2. the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

    2. A financial asset shall be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:

      1. the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and

      2. the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

    3. A financial asset shall be measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost in accordance with paragraph 4.1.2 or at fair value through other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraph

    4.1.2A of IFRS 9

  4. Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities

    After initial recognition, the company shall measure its financial liability at amortised cost.

  5. Amortised cost measurement

    1. Financial assets

      1. Effective inter Effective interest method

        Interest revenue shall be calculated by using the effective interest method. This shall be calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset except for:

        1. purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets. For those financial assets, the company shall apply the credit-adjusted effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset from initial recognition.

        2. financial assets that are not purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets but subsequently have become credit-impaired financial assets. For those financial assets, the entity shall apply the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset in subsequent reporting periods.

          The company shall, in a reporting period, calculate interest revenue by applying the effective interest method to the amortised cost of a financial asset in accordance with IFRS 9, and shall, in subsequent reporting periods, calculate the interest revenue by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount if the credit risk on the financial instrument improves so that the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired and the improvement can be related objectively to an event occurring after the requirements in the standard were applied (such as an improvement in the borrower's credit rating).

      2. Modification of contractual cash flows

        When the contractual cash flows of a financial asset are renegotiated or otherwise modified and the renegotiation or modification does not result in the derecognition of that financial asset in accordance with this Standard, an entity shall recalculate the gross carrying amount of the financial asset and shall recognise a modification gain or loss in profit or loss.

        The gross carrying amount of the financial asset shall be recalculated as the present value of the renegotiated or modified contractual cash flows that are discounted at the financial asset's original effective interest rate (or credit-adjusted effective interest rate for purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets) or, when applicable, the revised effective interest rate calculated in accordance with paragraph 6.5.10. Any costs or fees incurred adjust the carrying amount of the modified financial asset and are amortised over the remaining term of the modified financial asset.

      3. Write-off

        The company shall directly reduce the gross carrying amount of a financial asset when the entity has no reasonable expectations of recovering a financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. A write-off constitutes a derecognition event.

  6. Impairment

    1. Recognition of expected credit losses

      The company shall recognise a loss allowance for expected credit losses on a financial asset that is measured at amortised cost, a lease receivable, a contract asset or a loan commitment and a financial guarantee contract to which the impairment requirements apply in accordance with paragraphs 2.1(g), 4.2.1(c) or 4.2.1(d) of IFRS 9.

      The company shall apply the impairment requirements for the recognition and measurement of a loss allowance for financial assets that are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraph

      4.1.2A of IFRS 9. However, the loss allowance shall be recognised in other comprehensive income and shall not reduce the carrying amount of the financial asset in the statement of financial position.

      At each reporting date, the company shall measure the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition.

      If, at the reporting date, the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, an entity shall measure the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses.

    2. Measurement of expected credit losses

      An entity shall measure expected credit losses of a financial instrument in a way that reflects:

      1. an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes;

      2. the time value of money; and

      3. reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort at the reporting date about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

  7. Derecognition of financial assets

    The company shall derecognise a financial asset when, and only when:

    1. the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or

    2. it transfers the financial asset as set out in paragraphs 3.2.4 and 3.2.5 of IFRS 9 Paragraphs 3.2.4 of IFRS 9:

    An entity transfers a financial asset if, and only if, it either:

    1. transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, or

    2. retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients in an arrangement that meets the conditions in paragraph 3.2.5.

    Paragraphs 3.2.5 of IFRS 9:

    When an entity retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of a financial asset (the 'original asset'), but assumes a contractual obligation to pay those cash flows to one or more entities (the 'eventual recipients'), the entity treats the transaction as a transfer of a financial asset if, and only if, all of the following three conditions are met.

    1. The entity has no obligation to pay amounts to the eventual recipients unless it collects equivalent amounts from the original asset. Short-term advances by the entity with the right of full recovery of the amount lent plus accrued interest at market rates do not violate this condition.

    2. The entity is prohibited by the terms of the transfer contract from selling or pledging the original asset other than as security to the eventual recipients for the obligation to pay them cash flows.

    3. The entity has an obligation to remit any cash flows it collects on behalf of the eventual recipients without material delay.

    On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between:

    1. the carrying amount (measured at the date of derecognition) and

    2. the consideration received (including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed) shall be recognised in profit or loss.

  8. Derecognition of financial liabilities

    The company shall remove a financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) from its statement of financial position when, and only when, it is extinguished-i.e. when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.

    An exchange between an existing borrower and lender of debt instruments with substantially different terms shall be accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and

    the recognition of a new financial liability. Similarly, a substantial modification of the terms of an existing financial liability or a part of it (whether or not attributable to the financial difficulty of the debtor) shall be accounted for as an extinguishment of the original financial liability and the recognition of a new financial liability.

    The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability (or part of a financial liability) extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, shall be recognised in profit or loss.

  9. Gains and losses

    A gain or loss on a financial asset or financial liability that is measured at fair value shall be recognised in profit or loss unless:

    1. it is part of a hedging relationship (see paragraphs 6.5.8-6.5.14 and, if applicable, paragraphs 89-94 of IAS 39 for the fair value hedge accounting for a portfolio hedge of interest rate risk);

    2. it is an investment in an equity instrument and the entity has elected to present gains and losses on that investment in other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraph 5.7.5;

    3. it is a financial liability designated as at fair value through profit or loss and the entity is required to present the effects of changes in the liability's credit risk in other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraph 5.7.7; or

    4. it is a financial asset measured at fair value through other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraph

    4.1.2A and the entity is required to recognise some changes in fair value in other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraph 5.7.10.

    Dividends are recognised in profit or loss only when:

    1. the entity's right to receive payment of the dividend is established;

    2. it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity; and

    3. the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

    A gain or loss on a financial asset that is measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship shall be recognised in profit or loss when the financial asset is derecognised, reclassified in accordance with paragraph 5.6.2, through the amortisation process or in order to recognise impairment gains or losses.

  10. Investments in equity instruments

    At initial recognition, the company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value of an investment in an equity instrument within the scope of this Standard that is neither held for trading nor contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which IFRS 3 applies.

  11. Assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

A gain or loss on a financial asset measured at fair value through other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraph 4.1.2A shall be recognised in other comprehensive income, except for impairment gains or losses (Section 5.5 of IFRS 9 ) and foreign exchange gains and losses (paragraphs B5.7.2-B5.7.2A of IFRS 9), until the financial asset is derecognised or reclassified. When the financial asset is derecognised the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment (IAS 1). If the financial asset is reclassified out of the fair value through other comprehensive income measurement category, the entity shall account for the cumulative gain or loss that was previously recognised in other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraphs 5.6.5 and 5.6.7 of IFRS 9. Interest calculated using the effective interest method is recognised in profit or loss.

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