2025 Financial Report (IFRS)

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of ASE Technology Holding Co., Ltd.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ASE Technology Holding Co., Ltd. (a Republic of China corporation) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Group") as of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements") (all expressed in New Taiwan Dollars). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2024 and 2025, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

Our audits also comprehended the translation of New Taiwan dollar amounts into U.S. dollar amounts and, in our opinion, such translation has been made in conformity with the basis stated in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements. Such U.S. dollar amounts are presented solely for the convenience of the readers outside the Republic of China.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Group's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 27, 2026, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Group's internal control over financial reporting.

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Group's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Group in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Group's evaluation of goodwill for impairment involves the estimates of the value in use of each segment. The Group used the discounted cash flow model to estimate value in use, which required management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to discount rates and forecasts of future revenues. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on either the value in use, the amount of any goodwill impairment charge, or both. The goodwill balance was NT$52,541,905 thousand (US$1,674,909 thousand) as of December 31, 2025, of which NT$35,430,752 thousand (US$1,129,447 thousand) and NT$13,440,470 thousand (US$428,450 thousand) were allocated to the packaging and testing segments, respectively. The value in use of the packaging and testing segments exceeded their carrying values as of the measurement date and, therefore, no impairment was recognized.

We identified the valuation of goodwill for the Group's packaging and testing segments as a critical audit matter due to the significant estimates and assumptions management makes to estimate the value in use of the packaging and testing segments and the sensitivity of their operations to changes in demand. Auditing management's judgments related to the selection of the discount rates and forecasts of future revenues for the packaging and testing segments required a high degree of auditor's judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our valuation specialists.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the discount rates and forecasts of future revenues used by management to estimate the value in use of the packaging and testing segments included the following, among others:

• We tested the design and operating effectiveness of controls over management's evaluation of goodwill allocated to the packaging and testing segments for impairment, including those over the determination of the value in use of the packaging and testing segments, such as controls related to management's selection of the discount rates and assessment on the reasonableness of forecasts of future revenues.

• We evaluated management's ability to accurately forecast future revenues of the packaging and testing segments by comparing their actual results to management's historical forecasts.

• We performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate the risk of impairment if key assumptions were changed.

• With the assistance of our valuation specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rates by performing certain procedures, including:

  • Testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rates and the mathematical accuracy of the calculation.

  • Developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rates selected by management.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China March 27, 2026

We have served as the Group's auditor since 1984.

(Continued)

EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE COMPANY (Note 24)

Share capital

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. (Concluded)

(Continued)

Items that may be reclassified

subsequently to profit or loss: Exchange differences on translating

foreign operations $ (1,536,221 ) $ 12,788,423 $ (5,275,665 ) $ (168,175 ) Unrealized loss on debt

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. (Concluded)

Equity Attributable to Owners of the Company

Unrealized Gain

Other Equity

Shares

Share Capital

Capital

Legal

Exchange Differences on

Retained Earnings Translating

Special Unappropriated Foreign

(Loss) on Financial Assets at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive

Gain (Loss) on Hedging

Unearned Employee

Equity Directly Associated with Disposal Groups

Treasury

Non-controlling

(In Thousands)

Amounts Surplus Reserve Reserve

Earnings Total

Operations

Income

Instruments

Benefit

Held for Sale

Total Shares Total

Interests

Total Equity

BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2023 4,367,984 $ 43,679,841 $ 142,607,490 $ 12,582,960 $ 10,367,052 $ 91,556,474 $ 114,506,486 $ (5,529,388 ) $ 1,275,505 $ 520,281 $ (432,847 ) $ - $ (4,166,449 ) $ (1,959,107 ) $ 294,668,261 $ 18,608,124 $ 313,276,385

Appropriation of 2022 earnings

Legal reserve - - - 6,001,564 - (6,001,564 ) - - - - - - - - - - -

Special reserve - - - - (6,845,501 ) 6,845,501 - - - - - - - - - - -

Cash dividends distributed by the Company - - - - - (38,482,083 ) (38,482,083 ) - - - - - - - (38,482,083 ) - (38,482,083 )

- - - 6,001,564 (6,845,501 ) (37,638,146 ) (38,482,083 ) - - - - - - - (38,482,083 ) - (38,482,083 )

Reversal of special reserve appropriated at the

first-time adoption of IFRS Accounting Standards - - - - (561,978 ) 561,978 - - - - - - - - - - -

Change from investments in associates accounted for

using the equity method - - 3,255 - - - - - - - - - - - 3,255 - 3,255 Other changes in the capital surplus - - 87 - - - - - - - - - - - 87 - 87

Net profit for the year ended December 31, 2023 - - - - - 35,457,908 35,457,908 - - - - - - - 35,457,908 1,849,952 37,307,860 Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year

ended December 31, 2023, net of income tax - - - - - (32,134 ) (32,134 ) (1,505,241 ) 2,347,561 (242,840 ) - (4,676 ) 594,804 - 562,670 (113,320 ) 449,350

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year

ended December 31, 2023 - - - - - 35,425,774 35,425,774 (1,505,241 ) 2,347,561 (242,840 ) - (4,676 ) 594,804 - 36,020,578 1,736,632 37,757,210

Cash dividends received by subsidiaries from

the Company - - 641,387 - - - - - - - - - - - 641,387 - 641,387

Disposal of subsidiary (Note 30) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (295,895 ) (295,895 )

Differences between consideration and carrying

amount arising from acquisition of subsidiaries - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 427,913 427,913 Share-based payment from the Company (Note 28) 17,466 174,657 929,634 - - 712 712 - - - 432,847 - 432,847 - 1,537,850 - 1,537,850 Cash dividends distributed by subsidiaries - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (912,261 ) (912,261 ) Share-based payment from subsidiaries (Note 28) - - 90,773 - - - - - - - - - - - 90,773 293,740 384,513 Issue of convertible bonds by subsidiaries (Note 21) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 412,294 412,294 Disposal of investments in equity instruments

at fair value through other comprehensive income - - - - - 73,418 73,418 - (73,418 ) - - - (73,418 ) - - - -

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2023 4,385,450 $ 43,854,498 $ 144,272,626 $ 18,584,524 $ 2,959,573 $ 89,980,210 $ 111,524,307 $ (7,034,629 ) $ 3,549,648 $ 277,441 $ - $ (4,676 ) $ (3,212,216 ) $ (1,959,107 ) $ 294,480,108 $ 20,270,547 $ 314,750,655

BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2024 4,385,450 $ 43,854,498 $ 144,272,626 $ 18,584,524 $ 2,959,573 $ 89,980,210 $ 111,524,307 $ (7,034,629 ) $ 3,549,648 $ 277,441 $ - $ (4,676 ) $ (3,212,216 ) $ (1,959,107 ) $ 294,480,108 $ 20,270,547 $ 314,750,655

Appropriation of 2023 earnings

Legal reserve - - - 3,232,866 - (3,232,866 ) - - - - - - - - - - -

Special reserve - - - - (167,613 ) 167,613 - - - - - - - - - - -

Cash dividends distributed by the Company - - - - - (22,838,947 ) (22,838,947 ) - - - - - - - (22,838,947 ) - (22,838,947 )

- - - 3,232,866 (167,613 ) (25,904,200 ) (22,838,947 ) - - - - - - - (22,838,947 ) - (22,838,947 )

Change from investments in associates accounted for

using the equity method - - 4,445 - - - - - - - - - - - 4,445 - 4,445 Other changes in the capital surplus - - 68 - - - - - - - - - - - 68 - 68

Net profit for the year ended December 31, 2024 - - - - - 32,378,936 32,378,936 - - - - - - - 32,378,936 1,437,974 33,816,910 Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year

ended December 31, 2024, net of income tax - - - - - 173,524 173,524 12,085,635 122,083 438,262 - 4,676 12,650,656 - 12,824,180 814,125 13,638,305

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year

ended December 31, 2024 - - - - - 32,552,460 32,552,460 12,085,635 122,083 438,262 - 4,676 12,650,656 - 45,203,116 2,252,099 47,455,215

Cash dividends received by subsidiaries from

the Company - - 379,462 - - - - - - - - - - - 379,462 - 379,462

(Continued)

Equity Attributable to Owners of the Company

Unrealized Gain

Exchange (Loss) on Financial

Other Equity

Share Capital

Differences on Assets at Fair Value Equity Directly

Retained Earnings Translating Through Other Gain (Loss) Unearned Associated with

Shares

Capital Legal Special Unappropriated

Foreign

Comprehensive on Hedging Employee Disposal Groups

Treasury Non-controlling

(In Thousands)

Amounts Surplus Reserve Reserve Earnings Total Operations Income Instruments Benefit Held for Sale

Total Shares

Total

Interests Total Equity

Changes in percentage of ownership interest in

subsidiaries (Note 31) - $ - $ (250,106 ) $ - $ - $ (5,439 ) $ (5,439 ) $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ (255,545 ) $ (201,150 ) $ (456,695 ) Share-based payment from the Company (Note 28) 29,801 298,007 4,228,820 - - 76,028 76,028 - - - (1,631,257 ) - (1,631,257 ) - 2,971,598 - 2,971,598

Non-controlling interests arising from capital

increase of subsidiaries - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 177,487 177,487 Cash dividends distributed by subsidiaries - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (593,390 ) (593,390 ) Share-based payment from subsidiaries (Note 28) - - 81,947 - - - - - - - - - - - 81,947 238,183 320,130 Issue of convertible bonds by subsidiaries (Note 21) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100,885 100,885 Disposal of investments in equity instruments

at fair value through other comprehensive income - - - - - (58,828 ) (58,828 ) - 58,828 - - - 58,828 - - - -

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2024 4,415,251 $ 44,152,505 $ 148,717,262 $ 21,817,390 $ 2,791,960 $ 96,640,231 $ 121,249,581 $ 5,051,006 $ 3,730,559 $ 715,703 $ (1,631,257 ) $ - $ 7,866,011 $ (1,959,107 ) $ 320,026,252 $ 22,244,661 $ 342,270,913

BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2025 4,415,251 $ 44,152,505 $ 148,717,262 $ 21,817,390 $ 2,791,960 $ 96,640,231 $ 121,249,581 $ 5,051,006 $ 3,730,559 $ 715,703 $ (1,631,257 ) $ - $ 7,866,011 $ (1,959,107 ) $ 320,026,252 $ 22,244,661 $ 342,270,913

Appropriation of 2024 earnings

Legal reserve - - - 3,259,174 - (3,259,174 ) - - - - - - - - - - -

Cash dividends distributed by the Company - - - - - (23,420,372 ) (23,420,372 ) - - - - - - - (23,420,372 ) - (23,420,372 )

- - - 3,259,174 - (26,679,546 ) (23,420,372 ) - - - - - - - (23,420,372 ) - (23,420,372 )

Change from investments in associates accounted for

using the equity method - - 16,093 - - - - - - - - - - - 16,093 - 16,093 Other changes in the capital surplus - - 76 - - - - - - - - - - - 76 - 76

Net profit for the year ended December 31, 2025 - - - - - 40,015,755 40,015,755 - - - - - - - 40,015,755 1,180,685 41,196,440 Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year

ended December 31, 2025, net of income tax - - - - - (997,790 ) (997,790 ) (5,189,939 ) 3,725,567 (865,379 ) - - (2,329,751 ) - (3,327,541 ) (289,662 ) (3,617,203 )

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year

ended December 31, 2025 - - - - - 39,017,965 39,017,965 (5,189,939 ) 3,725,567 (865,379 ) - - (2,329,751 ) - 36,688,214 891,023 37,579,237

Cash dividends received by subsidiaries from

the Company - - 386,307 - - - - - - - - - - - 386,307 - 386,307

Differences between consideration and carrying amount

arising from acquisition of subsidiaries (Note 31) - - (68,093 ) - - - - - - - - - - - (68,093 ) 10,618 (57,475 )

Changes in percentage of ownership interest in

subsidiaries (Note 31) - - 3,169,280 - - - - - - - - - - - 3,169,280 2,964,788 6,134,068

Share-based payment from the Company (Note 28) 32,726 327,263 3,780,009 - - - - - - - 976,141 - 976,141 - 5,083,413 - 5,083,413

Cash dividends distributed by subsidiaries - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (514,157 ) (514,157 ) Share-based payment from subsidiaries (Note 28) - - 300,782 - - - - - - - - - - - 300,782 578,048 878,830 Issue of convertible bonds by subsidiaries (Note 21) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 272,167 272,167 Disposal of investments in equity instruments

at fair value through other comprehensive income - - - - - (15,484 ) (15,484 ) - 15,484 - - - 15,484 - - - -

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2025 4,447,977 $ 44,479,768 $ 156,301,716 $ 25,076,564 $ 2,791,960 $ 108,963,166 $ 136,831,690 $ (138,933 ) $ 7,471,610 $ (149,676 ) $ (655,116 ) $ - $ 6,527,885 $ (1,959,107 ) $ 342,181,952 $ 26,447,148 $ 368,629,100 US DOLLARS (Note 4)

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2025 4,447,977 $ 1,417,908 $ 4,982,522 $ 799,380 $ 89,001 $ 3,473,483 $ 4,361,864 $ (4,429 ) $ 238,177 $ (4,771 ) $ (20,884 ) $ - $ 208,093 $ (62,452 ) $ 10,907,935 $ 843,071 $ 11,751,006

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. (Concluded)

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Purchase of financial assets at fair value through

other comprehensive income $ (184,355 ) $ (13,560 ) $ (478,350 ) $ (15,249 )

Proceeds from sale of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Return of capital from financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Acquisition of associates accounted for using the equity method

Proceeds from disposal of investments accounted for

using the equity method 489,329 - - -(1,627,074 ) (258,554 ) (8,242 )

- - -(79,521,938 ) (164,642,502 ) (5,248,406 )

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

(Continued)

EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON THE BALANCE OF CASH

AND CASH EQUIVALENTS HELD

IN FOREIGN CURRENCY $ (954,692 ) $ 9,600,423 $ (5,898,137 ) $ (188,018 ) NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. (Concluded)

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

   ASE Technology Holding Co., Ltd. (the "Company") is a corporation incorporated in Nanzih Technology Industrial Park under the laws of Republic of China ("R.O.C.") starting from April 30, 2018 (date of incorporation). The Company and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the "Group") offer a comprehensive range of semiconductors packaging, testing, and electronic manufacturing services ("EMS").

   The Company's subsidiaries, Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc. (symbol "2311", "ASE") and Siliconware Precision Industries Co., Ltd. (symbol "2325", "SPIL"), entered into and executed a joint share exchange agreement to establish the Company, and the Company acquired all issued and outstanding ordinary shares of ASE and SPIL on April 30, 2018. Both of ASE's and SPIL's ordinary shares have been delisted while the ordinary shares of the Company were listed starting from the same date under the symbol "3711". In addition, ASE's ordinary shares that have been traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") under the symbol "ASX" in the form of American Depositary Shares ("ADS") since September 2000 were exchanged as the Company's ADSs under the same symbol "ASX" starting from April 30, 2018.

   The Company's subsidiaries, ASE and SPIL, were approved by the competent authority to terminate their public offering in March 2024 and April 2024, respectively, and cease the status as a public company.

   The ordinary shares of the Company's subsidiary, Universal Scientific Industrial (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. ("USISH"), have been listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange under the symbol "601231" since February 2012.

   The consolidated financial statements are presented in the Company's functional currency, New Taiwan dollar (NT$).

2. APPROVAL OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   The accompanying consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the management on March 27, 2026.

3. APPLICATION OF NEW, AMENDED AND REVISED INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS AS ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD ("IASB") (collectively, "IFRS Accounting Standards")

   1. Amendments to IFRS Accounting Standards that are mandatorily effective for the current year In the current year, the Group applied the amendments to IAS 21 "Lack of Exchangeability."

      The initial application of the aforementioned new, revised or amended standards and interpretations did not have material impact on the Group's accounting policies.

   2. New, revised or amended IFRS Accounting Standards in issue but not yet effective

      The Group has not applied the following new, revised or amended IFRS Accounting Standards that have been issued but are not yet effective:

      New, Revised or Amended Standards and Interpretations

      Effective Date

      Announced by IASB (Note 1)

      Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 "Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments"

      Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 "Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity

      January 1, 2026

      January 1, 2026

      Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards - Volume 11 January 1, 2026

      Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 "Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture"

      To be determined by IASB

      IFRS 18 "Presentation and Disclosures in Financial Statements" January 1, 2027

      Note 1: Unless stated otherwise, the above IFRS Accounting Standards are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after their respective effective dates.

   3. Material changes in accounting policy resulted from new, revised and amended IFRS Accounting Standards in issue but not yet effective

      Except for the following, as of the date that the accompanying consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue, the Group is continuously assessing other impacts of the above amended standards and interpretations on the Group's financial position and financial performance and will disclose the relevant impacts when the assessment is completed.

      IFRS 18 "Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements" and consequential amendments

      IFRS 18 will supersede IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements". The main changes comprise:

      • To classify items of income and expenses presented in the statement of profit or loss into the operating, investing, financing, income taxes and discontinued operations categories, the Group shall assess whether it has specified main business activities of investing in particular types of assets and providing financing to customers.

      • The statement of profit or loss shall present totals and subtotals for operating profit or loss, profit or loss before financing and income taxes and profit or loss.

      • Provides guidance to enhance the requirements of aggregation and disaggregation: The Group shall identify the assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows that arise from individual transactions or other events and shall classify and aggregate them into groups based on shared characteristics, so as to result in the presentation in the primary financial statements of line items that have at least one similar characteristic. The Group shall disaggregate items with dissimilar characteristics in the primary financial statements and in the notes. The Group labels items as "other" only if it cannot find a more informative label.

      • Disclosures on Management-defined Performance Measures (MPMs): When in public communications outside financial statements and communicating to users of financial statements management's view of an aspect of the financial performance of the Group as a whole, the Group shall disclose related information about its MPMs in a single note to the financial statements, including the description of such measures, calculations, reconciliations to the subtotal or total specified by IFRS Accounting Standards, and the income tax and non-controlling interests effects of related reconciliation items.

        In addition, the following consequential amendments have been made to IAS 7 "Statement of Cash Flows":

      • The Group shall use operating profit or loss as the starting point when presenting cash flows from operating activities under the indirect method.

      • Interest and dividends received by the Group shall be classified as investing activities, while interest and dividends paid shall be classified as financing activities. However, if, after assessment, the Group has a specific main operating activity, it shall determine how to classify dividends received, interest received and interest paid in the statement of cash flows by referring to how it classifies dividend income, interest income and interest expense in the statement of profit or loss. The total of each of these cash flows shall be classified in a single category in the statement of cash flows.

4. SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION

   1. Statement of compliance

      The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the IASB.

   2. Basis of preparation

      The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for financial instruments measured at fair value, contingent considerations assumed in business combinations, and net defined benefit liabilities which are measured at the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of plan assets.

   3. Classification of current and non-current assets and liabilities

      Current assets include cash and cash equivalents and those assets held primarily for trading purposes or expected to be realized within 12 months after the balance sheet date, unless the asset is to be used for an exchange or to settle a liability, or otherwise remains restricted, for more than 12 months after the balance sheet date. Current liabilities are obligations incurred for trading purposes or to be settled within 12 months after the balance sheet date (even if an agreement to refinance, or to reschedule payments, on a long-term basis is completed after the balance sheet date and before the consolidated financial statements are authorized for issue) and liabilities for which the Group does not have the substantial right at the end of the reporting period to defer settlement for at least 12 months after the balance sheet date. Assets and liabilities that are not classified as current are classified as non-current. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the transfer of the Group's own equity instruments do not affect its classification as current or non-current if the Group classifies the option as an equity instrument.

      The Group engages in the real estate development business which has an operating cycle of over one year. The normal operating cycle applies when considering the classification of the Group's real estate development-related assets and liabilities.

   4. Basis of consolidation

      1. Principles for preparing consolidated financial statements

         The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and the entities controlled by the Company (i.e. its subsidiaries).

         Income and expenses of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the period are included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income from the effective dates of acquisitions up to the effective dates of disposals, as appropriate.

         When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies in line with those used by the Company.

         All intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated in full upon consolidation. Total comprehensive income of subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the Company and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.

         Changes in the Group's ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in the Group losing control over the subsidiaries are accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amounts of the interests of the Group and the non-controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiaries. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognized directly in equity and attributed to the owners of the Company.

         When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, a gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss and is calculated as the difference between (i) the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration received and any investment retained in the former subsidiary at its fair value at the date when control is lost and (ii) the assets (including any goodwill) and liabilities and any non-controlling interests of the former subsidiary at their carrying amounts at the date when control is lost. The Group accounts for all amounts recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to that subsidiary on the same basis as would be required had the Group directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities.

      2. The detail information of the subsidiaries was as follows:

      Establishment Percentage of

      Ownership (%)

      and Operating December 31 Name of Investor Name of Investee Main Businesses Location 2024 2025

      The Company ASE Engaged in the packaging and testing of semiconductors

      R.O.C. 100.0 100.0

      USI Inc. ("USIINC") Holding company R.O.C. 100.0 100.0

      SPIL Engaged in the assembly, testing and turnkey services of integrated circuit

      R.O.C. 100.0 100.0

      ASE Social Enterprise Co., Ltd. ("ASE SOCIAL")

      ASE Global Integrated Solutions Co., Ltd.

      Engaged in social services R.O.C. 100.0 100.0

      Engaged in integration-relevant services R.O.C. 100.0 100.0

      ASE	A.S.E. Holding Limited	Holding company	Bermuda	100.0	100.0
      	J & R Holding Limited ("J&R	Holding company	Bermuda	100.0	100.0

      Holding")

      Innosource Limited Holding company British Virgin Islands

      Omniquest Industrial Limited Holding company British Virgin Islands

      100.0 100.0

      71.0 71.0

      ASE Marketing & Service Japan Engaged in marketing and sales services Japan 100.0 100.0

      Co., Ltd.

      ASE Test, Inc. ("ASET") Engaged in the testing of

      semiconductors

      R.O.C. 100.0 100.0

      Advanced Microelectronic Products Inc. ("AMPI")

      Engaged in the manufacturing of integrated circuit

      R.O.C. 6.9 6.9

      ASE Singapore Pte. Ltd. Engaged in the packaging and testing of

      semiconductors

      ASE Electronics (M) Sdn. Bhd. Engaged in the packaging and testing of

      semiconductors

      Singapore 100.0 100.0

      Malaysia 100.0 100.0

      ASEP Cayman Ltd. ("ASEPCAYMAN")

      Engaged in the packaging and testing of semiconductors, and was acquired in August 2024 (Note 29)

      British Cayman Islands

      100.0 100.0

      HydroTron Power Co., Ltd. Micro-hydro power generation, and was

      acquired in October 2025

      R.O.C. - 100.0

      ASET Alto Enterprises Limited Holding company British Virgin Islands

      100.0 100.0

      Super Zone Holdings Limited Holding company Hong Kong 100.0 100.0

      TLJ Intertech Inc. Engaged in information software services

      AMPI Engaged in the manufacturing of integrated circuit

      R.O.C. 60.0 60.0

      R.O.C. 48.9 54.1

      A.S.E. Holding Limited ASE Investment (Labuan) Inc. Holding company Malaysia 70.1 70.1

      ASE Test Limited ("ASE Test") Holding company Singapore 10.2 10.2

      Integrated Solutions Enterprise Trading company Belgium 100.0 100.0

      Europe

      (Continued)

      Establishment Percentage of

      Ownership (%)

      and Operating December 31 Name of Investor Name of Investee Main Businesses Location 2024 2025

      J&R Holding ASE Test Holding company Singapore 89.8 89.8

      Omniquest Industrial Limited Holding company British Virgin Islands

      8.4 8.4

      J&R Industrial Inc. Engaged in leasing and investing activity

      ASE Japan Co., Ltd. Engaged in the packaging and testing of

      semiconductors

      R.O.C. 100.0 100.0

      Japan 100.0 100.0

      ASE (U.S.) Inc. After-sales service and sales support U.S.A. 100.0 100.0

      Global Advanced Packaging Technology Limited

      Holding company British Cayman Islands

      100.0 100.0

      Innosource Limited Omniquest Industrial Limited Holding company British Virgin Islands

      20.6 20.6

      ASE (Shanghai) Inc. ("ASEMTL")

      Engaged in the production of substrates Shanghai, China 8.5 8.5

      ASE Enterprise Management (Shanghai) Inc. ("ASEEMSH")

      Engaged in the leasing of properties and buildings

      Shanghai, China 8.5 8.5

      Omniquest Industrial Limited ASE Corporation Holding company British Cayman

      Islands

      100.0 100.0

      Kun Shan, China	100.0	100.0
      Shanghai, China	100.0	100.0
      Korea	100.0	100.0
      Korea	100.0	100.0
      British Cayman	100.0	100.0
      Islands
      Malaysia	29.9	29.9
      U.S.A.	100.0	100.0
      U.S.A.	100.0	100.0
      Shanghai, China	100.0	100.0
      Wuxi, China	100.0	100.0
      Shanghai, China	100.0	100.0
      Shanghai, China	60.0	60.0
      Shanghai, China	100.0	100.0
      Shanghai, China	100.0	100.0

      Alto Enterprises Limited ASE Investment (Kun Shan)

      Limited

      Holding company

      Super Zone Holdings Limited

      Advanced Semiconductor Engineering (China) Ltd.

      Engaged in the packaging and testing of semiconductors, after-sale services, advisory and lease of factory

      ASE Investment (Labuan) Inc.

      ASE (Korea) Inc. Engaged in the packaging and testing of semiconductors

      ASE (Korea) Inc. ASE Cheonan, Inc. ("CHE") Engaged in the packaging and

      testing of semiconductors, and was acquired in August 2024 (Note 29)

      ASE Test ASE Test Holdings, Ltd. Holding company

      ASE Investment (Labuan) Inc. Holding company

      ASE Test Holdings, Ltd. ISE Labs, Inc. Engaged in the testing of semiconductors

      ISE Labs, Inc. ISE Services, Inc. Engaged in turnkey services of

      semiconductors

      Global Advanced Packaging Technology Limited

      ASE Assembly & Test (Shanghai) Limited ("ASESH")

      Engaged in the packaging and testing of semiconductors and leasing of properties

      ASESH Wuxi Tongzhi Microelectronics Co., Ltd.

      Engaged in the packaging and testing of semiconductors

      ISE Labs, China, Ltd. Engaged in the testing of semiconductors

      Shanghai Ding Hui Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. ("DH")

      DH Shanghai Ding Qi Property Management Co., Ltd.

      Shanghai Ding Wei Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.

      Shanghai Ding Yu Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.

      Kun Shan Ding Hong Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.

      Shanghai Ding Xu Property Management Co., Ltd.

      Shanghai Ding Yao Estate Development Co., Ltd.

      Shanghai Ding Fan Business Management Co., Ltd.

      Engaged in the development, construction and sale of real estate properties

      Engaged in the management of real estate properties

      Engaged in the management of properties, parking lot business and leasing of properties for shopping center

      Engaged in the management of properties, parking lot business and leasing of properties for shopping center

      Engaged in the development, construction and leasing of properties for shopping center

      Engaged in the management of real estate properties

      Engaged in the management of real estate properties

      Engaged in the management of commercial complex services and department store trading

      Shanghai, China 100.0 100.0

      Kun Shan, China	100.0	100.0
      Shanghai, China	100.0	100.0
      Shanghai, China	100.0	100.0
      Shanghai, China	100.0	100.0

      ASE Corporation ASE Mauritius Inc. Holding company Mauritius 100.0 100.0

      ASE Labuan Inc. Holding company Malaysia 100.0 100.0

      ASE Mauritius Inc. ASEMTL Engaged in the production of substrates Shanghai, China 91.5 91.5

      ASE Labuan Inc.	ASE Electronics Inc.	Engaged in the production of substrates	R.O.C.	100.0	100.0
      ASEMTL	Advanced Semiconductor	Trading company	Hong Kong	100.0	100.0

      ASEEMSH Engaged in the leasing of properties and buildings

      Shanghai, China 91.5 91.5

      Engineering (HK) Limited Universal Scientific Industrial

      (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. ("USISH")

      Engaged in the designing, manufacturing and sales of electronic components

      Shanghai, China 0.8 0.8

      (Continued)

      Establishment Percentage of

      Ownership (%)

      and Operating December 31 Name of Investor Name of Investee Main Businesses Location 2024 2025

      ASEEMSH DH Engaged in the development, construction and sale of real estate properties

      Shanghai, China 40.0 40.0

      ASEPCAYMAN Cyland Corp. Engaged in the leasing of real estate The Philippines 39.8 39.8

      USIINC Huntington Holdings International Co., Ltd.

      Holding company British Virgin Islands

      100.0 100.0

      Huntington Holdings International Co., Ltd.

      Unitech Holdings International Co., Ltd.

      Holding company British Virgin Islands

      100.0 100.0

      Real Tech Holdings Limited Holding company British Virgin Islands

      100.0 100.0

      Universal ABIT Holding Co., Ltd.

      In the process of liquidation British Cayman Islands

      100.0 100.0

      Real Tech Holdings Limited USI Enterprise Limited

      ("USIE")

      Universal Ample Technology Co., Limited

      Hirschmann Mobility Holding GmbH

      Engaged in the service of investment advisory and warehousing management

      In the process of liquidation (acquired from Universal Global Technology Co., Limited in September 2025)

      Holding company (acquired from Universal Ample Technology Co., Limited in October 2025)

      Hong Kong 100.0 100.0

      Hong Kong - 75.1

      Germany - 75.1

      Universal Ample Technology Co., Limited

      Hirschmann Mobility Holding GmbH

      Hirschmann Mobility Holding GmbH

      Hirschmann Car Communication Holding

      S.a.r.l. ("Hirschmann") Hirschmann Car

      Communication GmbH

      Hirschmann Car Communication Kft.

      Hirschmann Car Communication, Inc.

      Holding company (disposed to Real Tech Holdings Limited in October 2025)

      Holding company (merged by Hirschmann Mobility Holding GmbH in July 2025)

      Engaged in the research and development, manufacturing and sales of PCBAs and tuners

      Engaged in the manufacturing and sales of antennas, RF amplifiers, connectors and wave straps

      Engaged in the research and development, and sales marketing

      Germany 100.0 -

      Luxembourg 100.0 -

      Germany - 100.0

      Hungary - 100.0

      U.S.A. - 100.0

      Hirschmann Hirschmann Car

      Communication GmbH

      Hirschmann Car Communication Kft.

      Hirschmann Car Communication, Inc.

      Engaged in the research and

      development, manufacturing and sales of PCBAs and tuners

      Engaged in the manufacturing and sales of antennas, RF amplifiers, connectors and wave straps

      Engaged in the research and development, and sales marketing

      Germany 100.0 -

      Hungary 100.0 -

      U.S.A. 100.0 -

      Hirschmann Car Communication GmbH

      Hirschmann Car Communication S.A.S.

      Hirschmann Car Communication (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

      Engaged in the research and development, and sales marketing

      Engaged in the sales of antennas, RF amplifiers and wave straps, PCBs, and tuners

      France 100.0 100.0

      Shanghai, China 100.0 100.0

      USIE USISH Engaged in the designing, manufacturing and sales of electronic components

      Shanghai, China 77.1 74.3

      USISH Universal Global Technology Co., Limited

      Holding company Hong Kong 100.0 100.0

      Universal Global Technology (Kunshan) Co., Ltd. ("UGKS")

      Universal Global Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

      Universal Global Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

      USI Electronics (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. ("USISZ")

      Universal Global Technology (Huizhou) Co., Ltd.

      Universal Optoelectronics Co., Ltd

      Engaged in the designing and manufacturing of electronic components

      Engaged in the processing and sales of computer and communication peripherals as well as business in import and export of goods and technology

      Engaged in the sales of electronic components and telecommunications equipment

      Engaged in the design, manufacturing and sales of motherboards and computer peripherals

      Engaged in the research and manufacturing of new electronic applications, communications, computers and other electronics products and also provided auxiliary technical services as well as import and export services

      Engaged in the manufacturing of optoelectronic devices, optical communication equipment, electronic components devices, integrated circuit chips and products as well as import and export services, and was established in December 2025

      Kun Shan, China 100.0 100.0

      Shanghai, China 100.0 100.0

      Shanghai, China 100.0 100.0

      Shenzhen, China 50.0 50.0

      Huizhou, China 100.0 100.0

      Shanghai, China - 100.0

      (Continued)

      Establishment Percentage of

      Ownership (%)

      and Operating December 31 Name of Investor Name of Investee Main Businesses Location 2024 2025

      FINANCIERE AFG ("FAFG") Holding company France 10.4 10.4

      Universal Global Technology Co., Limited

      Universal Global Industrial Co., Limited

      Universal Global Scientific Industrial Co., Ltd. ("UGTW")

      Engaged in manufacturing, trading and investing activity

      Engaged in the manufacturing of components of telecommunication and cars and provision of related R&D services

      Hong Kong 100.0 100.0

      R.O.C. 100.0 100.0

      USI America Inc. Engaged in the manufacturing and processing of motherboards and wireless network communication and provision of related technical service

      U.S.A. 100.0 100.0

      Universal Scientific Industrial De Mexico S.A. De C.V.

      Engaged in the assembling of motherboards and computer components

      Mexico 100.0 100.0

      USI Japan Co., Ltd. Engaged in the manufacturing and sales of computer peripherals, integrated chip and other related accessories

      USISZ Engaged in the design, manufacturing and sales of motherboards and computer peripherals

      Japan 100.0 100.0

      Shenzhen, China 50.0 50.0

      Universal Scientific Industrial (France)

      Engaged in investing activities France 100.0 100.0

      Universal Global Industrial Co., Limited

      UNIVERSAL SCIENTIFIC

      INDUSTRIAL VIETNAM COMPANY LIMITED

      Universal Ample Technology Co., Limited

      Universal Scientific Industrial De Mexico S.A. De C.V.

      Engaged in IC assembly for wearable

      devices

      Holding company (disposed to Real Tech Holdings Limited in September 2025)

      Engaged in the assembling of motherboards and computer components

      Vietnam 100.0 100.0

      Hong Kong 75.1 -Mexico (Note 1) (Note 1)

      UGTW Universal Scientific Industrial Co., Ltd.

      Engaged in the manufacturing, processing and sales of computers, computer peripherals and related accessories

      R.O.C. 100.0 100.0

      Universal Global Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

      USI Science and Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.

      Engaged in the design of electronic components, service of technical advisory; wholesale of electronic components and communication peripherals as well as business in import and export of goods and management of properties

      Shenzhen, China 100.0 100.0

      Universal Scientific Industrial (France)

      FAFG Holding company France 89.6 89.6

      FAFG MANUFACTURING POWER TUNISIA

      ASTEELFLASH MEXICO S.A.

      de C.V.

      ASTEELFLASH (BEDFORD) LIMITED

      Engaged in the design and manufacturing of electronic components

      Engaged in the design and manufacturing of electronic components

      Engaged in the design and manufacturing of electronic components

      Tunisia 99.9 99.9

      Mexico 99.9 99.9

      United Kingdom 100.0 100.0

      ASTEELFLASH FRANCE Engaged in the design and

      manufacturing of electronic components

      ASTEELFLASH TUNISIE S.A. Engaged in the design and

      manufacturing of electronic components

      France 99.9 99.9

      Tunisia 100.0 100.0

      ASTEELFLASH HONG KONG LIMITED

      Holding company Hong Kong 100.0 100.0

      Asteelflash Holding GmbH. Engaged in the design and

      manufacturing of electronic components

      Germany 100.0 100.0

      ASTEELFLASH US HOLDING CORP.

      Holding company U.S.A. 100.0 100.0

      AFERH TUNISIE Engaged in the management, training and consulting of organization and human resources

      Tunisia 0.5 0.5

      ASTEEL ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING SERVICES

      Engaged in the design and manufacturing of electronic components

      Tunisia 0.1 0.1

      ASTEELFLASH PLZEN S.R.O. Engaged in the design and

      manufacturing of electronic components

      Czech Republic 100.0 100.0

      (Continued)

      Establishment Percentage of

      Ownership (%)

      Tunisia	(Note 1)	(Note 1)
      France	(Note 1)	(Note 1)
      Tunisia	99.9	99.9
      France	100.0	100.0
      Tunisia	(Note 1)	(Note 1)
      Tunisia	99.5	99.5
      Mexico	0.1	0.1
      Tunisia	0.1	0.1
      Suzhou, China	100.0	100.0
      Hong Kong	100.0	100.0

      and Operating December 31 Name of Investor Name of Investee Main Businesses Location 2024 2025

      ASTEELFLASH (BEDFORD) LIMITED

      ASTEELFLASH TUNISIE S.A.

      Engaged in the design and manufacturing of electronic components

      ASTEELFLASH TECHNOLOGIE

      ASTEELFLASH FRANCE Engaged in the design and

      manufacturing of electronic components

      ASTEELFLASH FRANCE ASTEEL ELECTRONICS

      MANUFACTURING SERVICES

      ASTEELFLASH TECHNOLOGIE

      Engaged in the design and manufacturing of electronic components

      Engaged in projection of plastic and the design and manufacturing of industrial components

      ASTEELFLASH TUNISIE S.A. Engaged in the design and

      manufacturing of electronic components

      AFERH TUNISIE Engaged in the management, training and consulting of organization and human resources

      ASTEELFLASH MEXICO S.A.

      de C.V.

      MANUFACTURING POWER TUNISIA

      Engaged in the design and manufacturing of electronic components

      Engaged in the design and manufacturing of electronic components

      ASTEELFLASH HONG KONG LIMITED

      Asteelflash Suzhou Co., Ltd. Engaged in the design and

      manufacturing of electronic components

      UGHK Engaged in accepting and outsourcing orders as well as

      sales of electronic components and service of technical advisory

      UGHK USI Asteelflash Poland Sp. z

      o.o. (renamed in May 2025, formerly named as Universal Scientific Industrial Poland Sp. z o.o.)

      Asteelflash Suzhou Co., Ltd. ASTEELFLASH TUNISIE S.A.

      Engaged in the design and manufacturing of electronic components and new electronic applications

      Poland 100.0 100.0

      Engaged in the design and Tunisia manufacturing of electronic		(Note 1)	(Note 1)
      components Engaged in the design and Germany manufacturing of electronic components		100.0	100.0
      Engaged in the design and Germany manufacturing of electronic		100.0	100.0
      components Engaged in the design and Romania manufacturing of electronic		100.0	100.0
      components Engaged in the design and Tunisia manufacturing of electronic		(Note 1)	(Note 1)
      components Engaged in the design and Tunisia manufacturing of electronic		(Note 1)	(Note 1)
      components Engaged in the design and U.S.A. manufacturing of electronic		100.0	100.0
      components Engaged in the design and Tunisia manufacturing of electronic		(Note 1)	(Note 1)
      components Engaged in investing activities British Virgin		100.0	100.0
      Engaged in the assembly and testing	Islands Malaysia	100.0	100.0
      Engaged in marketing activities in North	U.S.A.	100.0	100.0

      Asteelflash Holding GmbH. ASTEELFLASH Germany

      GmbH. (renamed in January 2024, formerly named as ASTEELFLASH HERSFELD

      GmbH) ASTEELFLASH DESIGN

      SOLUTIONS HAMBURG

      GmbH

      EN ELECTRONICNETWORK SRL

      ASTEELFLASH TUNISIE S.A.

      ASTEELFLASH MEXICO

      S.A. de C.V.

      ASTEELFLASH US HOLDING CORP.

      ASTEELFLASH USA CORP.

      ASTEELFLASH TUNISIE S.A.

      ASTEELFLASH USA CORP.

      ASTEELFLASH TUNISIE S.A.

      SPIL SPIL (B.V.I.) Holding Limited

      SPIL (B.V.I.) Holding Limited

      Siliconware Precision Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.

      Siliconware USA, Inc.

      America

      SPIL (Cayman) Holding Limited Engaged in investing activities British Cayman

      Islands

      100.0 100.0

      SPIL (Cayman) Holding Limited

      Siliconware Technology (Suzhou) Limited

      Engaged in the packaging and testing of semiconductors

      Suzhou, China 100.0 100.0

      (Continued)

      Establishment Percentage of

      Ownership (%)

      and Operating December 31 Name of Investor Name of Investee Main Businesses Location 2024 2025

      ASE SOCIAL Goodcare Holdings Inc. Holding company, and was acquired in

      August 2025

      Goodcare Holdings Inc. Goodcare Health Inc. Engaged in the social services, and was

      acquired in August 2025

      TW Future Homecare Inc. Engaged in the social services, and was

      acquired in August 2025

      TW Future Homecare Inc. TC SPRING CO.,LTD. Engaged in the social services, and was

      acquired in August 2025

      R.O.C. - 67.2

      R.O.C. - 100.0

      R.O.C. - 100.0

      R.O.C. - 100.0

      (Concluded)

      Note 1: The number of shares held was 1 share and the percentage of ownership was less than 0.1%.

      1. Business combinations

         Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. Acquisition-related costs are generally recognized in profit or loss as they are incurred.

         Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any) over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. If, after re-assessment, the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held interest in the acquiree (if any), the excess is recognized immediately in profit or loss as a bargain purchase gain.

         Where the consideration the Group transfers in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and considered as part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with the corresponding adjustments being made against goodwill or gains on bargain purchases. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the measurement period about facts and circumstances existed as of the acquisition date. The measurement period does not exceed 1 year from the acquisition date.

         The subsequent accounting for changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that do not qualify as measurement period adjustments depends on how the contingent consideration is classified. Contingent consideration not classified as equity is remeasured at fair value at the end of subsequent reporting period with any gain or loss recognized in profit or loss.

         When a business combination is achieved in stages, the Group's previously held equity interest in an acquiree is remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date, and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognized in profit or loss or other comprehensive income. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognized in other comprehensive income are recognized on the same basis as would be required had those interests been directly disposed of by the Group.

         If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Group reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted retrospectively during the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities are recognized, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date.

         Business combination involving entities under common control is not accounted for using the acquisition method but is accounted for at the carrying amounts of the entities. The Group elected not to restate comparative information of the prior period in the financial statements as the business combination was

         an organization restructure under common control.

      2. Foreign currencies

         In preparing the financial statements of each individual entity, transactions in currencies other than the entity's functional currency (i.e. foreign currencies) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions.

         At each balance sheet date, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Exchange differences on monetary items arising from settlement or translation are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise except for exchange differences on transactions entered into in order to hedge certain foreign currency risks.

         Non-monetary items denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Exchange differences arising from the retranslation of non-monetary items are included in profit or loss for the period, except for exchange differences arising from the retranslation of non-monetary items in respect of which gains and losses are recognized directly in other comprehensive income, in which cases, the exchange differences are also recognized directly in other comprehensive income.

         Non-monetary items denominated in a foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction, and are not retranslated.

         For the purposes of presenting the consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Group's foreign operations (including subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in other countries that use different currencies from the Company) are translated into the New Taiwan dollars using exchange rates prevailing at each balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated and accumulated at the average exchange rates for each month of the period. The resulting currency translation differences are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity attributed to the owners of the Company and non-controlling interests as appropriate.

         On the disposal of the Group's entire interest in a foreign operation, or a disposal involving the loss of control over a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, or a partial disposal of an interest in a joint arrangement or an associate that includes a foreign operation of which the retained interest becomes a financial asset, all of the exchange differences accumulated in equity in respect of that operation attributable to the owners of the Company are reclassified to profit or loss.

         In relation to a partial disposal of a subsidiary that does not result in the Group losing control over the subsidiary, the proportionate share of accumulated exchange differences is re-attributed to the non-controlling interests of the subsidiary and is not recognized in profit or loss. For all other partial disposals, the proportionate share of the accumulated exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss.

         Goodwill and fair value adjustments recognized on identifiable assets and liabilities of acquired foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the rates of exchange prevailing at the end of each reporting period. Exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income.

      3. Inventories and inventories related to real estate business

         Inventories, including raw materials, supplies, work in process, finished goods, and materials and supplies in transit, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventory write-downs are made by item, except where it is appropriate to group items of similar or related inventories. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices of inventories less all estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Raw materials and supplies are recorded at moving average cost while work in process and finished goods are recorded at standard cost.

         Inventories related to real estate business include land and buildings held for sale and construction in progress. Prior to the completion, the borrowing costs directly attributable to construction in progress are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. Construction in progress is transferred to land and buildings held for sale upon completion. Land and buildings held for sale and construction in progress are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and related write-downs are made by item. The amounts received in advance for real estate properties are first recorded as advance receipts and then recognized as revenue when the construction is completed and the title and significant risk of the real estate properties are transferred to customers. Cost of sales of land and buildings held for sale are recognized based on the ratio of property sold to the total property developed.

      4. Investments in associates and joint ventures

         An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence and that is neither a subsidiary nor an interest in a joint venture. Joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the Group and other parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement.

         The Group applies the equity method to investments in an associate and joint venture.

         Under the equity method, investments in an associate and a joint venture are initially recognized at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognize the Group's share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the associate and joint venture. The Group also recognizes the changes in the Group's share of equity of associates and joint ventures.

         Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the Group's share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of an associate or a joint venture at the date of acquisition is recognized as goodwill, which is included within the carrying amount of the investment and is not amortized. Any excess of the Group's share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities over the cost of acquisition after reassessment is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

         When the Group subscribes for additional new shares of an associate and a joint venture at a percentage different from its existing ownership percentage, the resulting carrying amount of the investment differs from the amount of the Group's proportionate interest in the associate and joint venture. The Group records such a difference as an adjustment to investments with the corresponding amount charged to gain or loss on disposal of investments accounted for using the equity method. When the Group reduces its ownership interest in an associate or a joint venture but the Group continues to use the equity method, the Group reclassifies to profit or loss the proportion of the gain or loss that had previously been recognised in other comprehensive income relating to that reduction in ownership interest if that gain or loss would be reclassified to profit or loss on the disposal of the related assets or liabilities.

         When the Group's share of losses of an associate and a joint venture equals or exceeds its interest in that associate and joint venture (which includes any carrying amount of the investment accounted for using the equity method and long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Group's net investment in the associate and joint venture), the Group discontinues recognizing its share of further losses. Additional losses and liabilities are recognized only to the extent that the Group has incurred legal obligations or constructive obligations, or made payments on behalf of that associate and joint venture.

         The entire carrying amount of an investment (including goodwill) is tested for impairment as a single asset by comparing its recoverable amount with its carrying amount. Any impairment loss recognized is not allocated to any asset, including goodwill, that forms part of the carrying amount of the investment. Any reversal of that impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the recoverable amount of the investment subsequently increases.

         The Group discontinues the use of the equity method from the date on which its investment ceases to be an associate and a joint venture. Any retained investment is measured at fair value at that date, and the fair value is regarded as the investment's fair value on initial recognition as a financial asset. The

         difference between the previous carrying amount of the associate and the joint venture attributable to the retained interest and its fair value is included in the determination of the gain or loss on disposal of the associate and the joint venture. The Group accounts for all amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to that associate and joint venture on the same basis as would be required had that associate directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. If an investment in an associate becomes an investment in a joint venture or an investment in a joint venture becomes an investment in an associate, the Group continues to apply the equity method and does not remeasure the retained interest.

         When the Group transacts with its associate and joint venture, profits and losses resulting from the transactions with the associate and joint venture are recognized in the Group' consolidated financial statements only to the extent that interests in the associate and the joint venture are not related to the Group.

      5. Property, plant and equipment

         Except for land which is stated at cost, property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment.

         Properties in the course of construction are carried at cost, less any recognized impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. Such assets are depreciated and classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for their intended use.

         Freehold land is not depreciated.

         Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is recognized using the straight-line method. Each significant part is depreciated separately. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at each balance sheet date, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

         On derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment, the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss.

      6. Investment properties

         Investment properties are properties held to earn rental and/or for capital appreciation. Investment properties include right-of-use assets and properties under construction that meet the definition of investment properties.

         Freehold investment properties are initially measured at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss.

         Investment properties acquired through leases are initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial measurement of lease liabilities adjusted for lease payments made on or before the commencement date, plus initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs needed to restore the underlying assets, less any lease incentives received. These investment properties are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liabilities.

         Depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method.

         Investment properties under construction are measured at cost less accumulated impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. Depreciation of these assets commences when the assets are ready for their intended use.

         For a transfer of classification from investment properties to property, plant and equipment and to right-of-use assets, the deemed cost of the property for subsequent accounting is its carrying amount at the commencement of owner-occupation.

         For a transfer of classification from property, plant and equipment and right-of-use assets to investment properties, the deemed cost of an item of property for subsequent accounting is its carrying amount at the end of owner-occupation.

         For a transfer of classification from inventories to investment properties, the deemed cost of an item of property for subsequent accounting is its carrying amount at the inception of an operating lease.

         On derecognition of an investment property, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is included in profit or loss.

      7. Goodwill

         Goodwill arising from an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the business less accumulated impairment loss.

         For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Group's cash-generating units or groups of cash-generating units (referred to as "cash-generating unit") that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

         A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually or more frequently whenever there is an indication that the unit may be impaired, by comparing its carrying amount, including the attributed goodwill, with its recoverable amount. However, if the goodwill allocated to a cash-generating unit was acquired in a business combination during the current annual period, that unit shall be tested for impairment before the end of the current annual period. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then pro rata to the other assets of the unit based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss is recognized directly in profit or loss. An impairment loss recognized for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

      8. Other intangible assets

         1. Separate acquisition

            Other intangible assets with finite useful lives acquired separately are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss. Other intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful lives, residual values, and amortization methods are reviewed at each balance sheet date, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.

         2. Acquired through business combinations

            Other intangible assets acquired in a business combination and recognized separately from goodwill are initially recognized at their fair value at the acquisition date which is regarded as their cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are measured on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

         3. Derecognition

            On derecognition of an intangible asset, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss.

      9. Impairment of property, plant and equipment, right-of-use asset, investment properties and intangible assets other than goodwill

         At each balance sheet date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its property, plant and equipment, right-of-use asset, investment properties and intangible assets, excluding goodwill, to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss. When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Corporate assets are allocated to the individual cash-generating units on a reasonable and consistent basis. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. If the recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset or cash-generating unit is reduced to its recoverable amount, with the resulting impairment loss recognized in profit or loss.

         When an impairment loss is subsequently reversed, the carrying amount of the asset or cash-generating unit is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but only to the extent of the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset or cash-generating unit in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

      10. Financial instruments

          Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

          Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issuance of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at FVTPL) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognized immediately in profit or loss.

          1. Financial assets

             All regular purchases or sales of financial assets are recognized and derecognized on a settlement date basis.

             1. Measurement categories

                Financial assets held by the Group are classified into the following categories: financial assets at FVTPL, financial assets at amortized cost and investments in debt instruments and equity instruments at FVTOCI.

                1. Financial asset at FVTPL

                   A financial asset is classified as at FVTPL when the financial asset is mandatorily classified. The Group's financial assets mandatorily classified as at FVTPL include investments in equity instruments which are not designated as at FVTOCI and debt instruments that do not meet the amortized cost criteria or the FVTOCI criteria.

                   Financial assets at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value, and any dividends or interest earned on such financial assets are recognized in other income; any remeasurement gains or losses on such financial assets are recognized in other gains or losses.

                   Fair value is determined in the manner described in Note 34.

                2. Financial assets at amortized cost

                   Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortized cost:

                   1. The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and

                   2. The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

                      Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets at amortized cost, including cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables at amortized cost, other receivables and other financial assets, are measured at amortized cost, which equals to gross carrying amount determined using the effective interest method less any impairment loss. Exchange differences are recognized in profit or loss.

                      Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset, except for:

                      1. Purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets, for which interest income is calculated by applying the credit-adjusted effective interest rate to the amortized cost of the financial asset; and

                      2. Financial assets that are not credit-impaired on purchase or origination but have subsequently become credit-impaired, for which interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortized cost of the financial asset in subsequent reporting periods.

                      A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more of the following events have occurred:

                      1. Significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower;

                      2. Breach of contract, such as a default;

                      3. It is becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or undergo a financial reorganization; or

                      4. The disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties.

                      Cash equivalents include time deposits with original maturities within 3 months from the date of acquisition, which are highly liquid, readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. These cash equivalents are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments.

                3. Investments in debt instruments at FVTOCI

                   For the Group's debt instruments that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at FVTOCI:

                   1. the debt instrument is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both the collecting of contractual cash flows and the selling of the financial assets; and

                   2. the contractual terms of the debt instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

                      Investments in debt instruments at FVTOCI are subsequently measured at fair value. Changes in the carrying amounts of these debt instruments relating to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest income calculated using the effective interest method and impairment losses or reversals are recognized in profit or loss. Other changes in the carrying amount of these debt instruments are recognized in other comprehensive income and will be reclassified to profit or loss when the investment is disposed of.

                4. Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI

                   On initial recognition, the Group makes an irrevocable election to designate investments in equity instruments as at FVTOCI. Designation at FVTOCI is not permitted if the equity investment is held for trading or if it is contingent consideration recognized by an acquirer in a business combination.

                   Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are subsequently measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in other equity. The cumulative gain or loss will not be reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the equity investments, instead, they will be transferred to retained earnings.

                   Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognized in profit or loss when the Group's right to receive the dividends is established, unless the dividends clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment.

             2. Impairment of financial assets and contract assets

                At each balance sheet date, the Group recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets at amortized cost (including trade receivables) and investments in debt instruments that are measured at FVTOCI and contract assets.

                The Group always recognizes lifetime Expected Credit Loss ("ECL") for trade receivables and contract assets. For all other financial instruments, the Group recognizes lifetime ECL when there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. If, on the other hand, the credit risk on the financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Group measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month ECL.

                Expected credit losses reflect the weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of a default occurring as the weights. Lifetime ECL represents the expected credit losses that will result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. In contrast, 12-month ECL represents the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

                The Group recognizes an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss for all financial instruments with a corresponding adjustment to their carrying amount through a loss allowance account,

                except for investments in debt instruments that are measured at FVTOCI, for which the loss allowance is recognized in other comprehensive income and does not reduce the carrying amount of the financial asset.

             3. Derecognition of financial assets

                The Group derecognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity.

                On derecognition of a financial asset at amortized cost in its entirety, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss. On derecognition of an investment in a debt instrument at FVTOCI, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss which had been recognized in other comprehensive income is recognized in profit or loss. However, on derecognition of an investment in an equity instrument at FVTOCI, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss, and the cumulative gain or loss which had been recognized in other comprehensive income is transferred directly to retained earnings, without recycling through profit or loss.

          2. Equity instruments

             Debt and equity instruments issued by the Group are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

             Equity instruments issued by the Group are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

             Repurchase of the Company's own equity instruments is recognized in and deducted directly from equity and calculated separately by repurchase category. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own equity instruments.

          3. Financial liabilities

             1. Subsequent measurement

                All financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method except for:

                Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when such financial liabilities are held for trading. Financial liabilities held for trading are stated at fair value, and any gains or losses on such financial liabilities are recognized in other gains or losses.

                Fair value is determined in the manner described in Note 34.

             2. Derecognition of financial liabilities

                The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognized in profit or loss.

          4. Derivative financial instruments

             The Group enters into a variety of derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to foreign exchange rate risks, including forward exchange contracts and swap contracts.

             Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date on which the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument; in which event, the timing of the recognition in profit or loss depends on the nature of the hedging relationship. When the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is positive, the derivative is recognized as a financial asset; when the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is negative, the derivative is recognized as a financial liability.

             Derivatives embedded in hybrid contracts that contain financial asset hosts within the scope of IFRS 9 are not separated; instead, the classification is determined in accordance with the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in non-derivative host contracts that are not financial assets within the scope of IFRS 9 (e.g. financial liabilities) are treated as separate derivatives when they meet the definition of a derivative, their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not measured at FVTPL.

          5. Convertible bonds issued by the subsidiaries

             The component parts of compound instruments (i.e., convertible bonds) issued by the subsidiary are classified separately as financial liabilities and equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

             On initial recognition, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market interest rate for similar non-convertible instruments. This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortized cost basis using the effective interest method until extinguished upon conversion or upon the instrument's maturity date. Any embedded derivative liability is measured at fair value.

             The conversion option classified as equity is determined by deducting the amount of the liability component from the fair value of the compound instrument as a whole. This is recognized and included in non-controlling interests, and is not subsequently remeasured. When the conversion option remains unexercised at maturity, the balance recognized in non-controlling interests will be transferred to capital surplus - the change of interest in subsidiaries.

             Transaction costs that relate to the issuance of the convertible bonds are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the gross proceeds. Transaction costs relating to the equity component are recognized directly in non-controlling interests. Transaction costs relating to the liability component are included in the carrying amount of the liability component.

      11. Hedge accounting

          The Group designates certain non-derivatives as hedging instruments in respect of foreign currency risk in fair value hedges and hedges of net investments in foreign operations.

          1. Fair value hedges

             Gains or losses on hedging instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recognized in profit or loss immediately, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. The change in the fair value of the hedging instrument and the change in the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in profit or loss in the line item relating to the hedged item.

             The Group discontinues hedge accounting only when the hedging relationship ceases to meet the qualifying criteria; for instance, when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised.

          2. Hedges of net investments in foreign operations

             Hedges of net investments in foreign operations are accounted for similarly to cash flow hedges. Any gains or losses on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading of foreign currency translation reserve. The gains or losses relating to the ineffective portion are recognized immediately in profit or loss.

             The gains and losses on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge, which were accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve, are reclassified to profit or loss on the disposal or partial disposal of a foreign operation.

      12. Revenue recognition

          The Group identifies the contracts with customers, allocates transaction prices to performance obligations and, when performance obligations are satisfied, recognizes revenues at fixed amounts as agreed in the contracts with taking estimated volume discounts into consideration.

          For contracts where the period between the date on which the Group transfers a promised good or service to a customer and the date on which the customer pays for that good or service is one year or less, the Group does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component.

          The Group's duration of contracts with customers is expected to be one year or less, and the consideration from contracts with customers is included in transaction price and, therefore, can apply the practical expedient that not to disclose the performance obligations including (i) the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are not fully satisfied or have partially completed at the end of the reporting period, and (ii) the expected timing for recognition of revenue.

          The Group's operating revenues include revenues from sale of goods and services as well as sale and leasing of real estate properties.

          When customers control goods while the packaging and testing are in progress, the Group measures the progress on the basis of costs incurred relative to the total expected costs as there is a direct relationship between the costs incurred and the progress of satisfying the performance obligations. Revenue and contract assets are recognized during the packaging and testing process and contract assets are reclassified to trade receivables when the packaging and testing are completed or when the goods are shipped upon customer's request.

          The Group recognizes revenues and trade receivables when the goods are shipped or when the goods are delivered to the customer's specified location because it is the time when the customer has full discretion over the manner of distribution and price to sell the goods, has the primary responsibility for sales to future customers and bears the risks of obsolescence.

          Revenues from sale of real estate properties are recognized when customers purchase real estate properties and complete the transfer procedures. Revenues from leasing real estate properties are recognized during leasing periods on the straight-line basis.

      13. Leases

          At the inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether the contract is, or contains, a lease.

          For a contract that contains a lease component and non-lease components, the Group elects to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

          1. The Group as lessor

             Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of a lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

             When the Group subleases a right-of-use asset, the sublease is classified by reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease, not with reference to the underlying asset. However, if the head lease is a short-term lease that the Group, as a lessee, has accounted for applying recognition exemption, the sublease is classified as an operating lease.

             Lease payments (less any lease incentives payable) from operating leases are recognized as income on a straight-line basis over the terms of the relevant leases. Initial direct costs incurred in obtaining operating leases are added to the carrying amounts of the underlying assets and recognized as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease terms.

          2. The Group as lessee

             The Group recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases at the commencement date of a lease, except for short-term leases and low-value asset leases accounted for applying a recognition exemption where lease payments are recognized as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease terms.

             Right-of-use assets are initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial measurement of lease liabilities adjusted for lease payments made on or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs needed to restore the underlying assets, and less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liabilities. Right-of-use assets are presented on a separate line in the consolidated balance sheets. With respect to the recognition and measurement of right-of-use assets that meet the definition of investment properties, refer to the aforementioned accounting policies for investment properties.

             Right-of-use assets are depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement dates to the earlier of the end of the useful lives of the right-of-use assets or the end of the lease terms. However, if leases transfer ownership of the underlying assets to the Group by the end of the lease terms or if the costs of right-of-use assets reflect that the Group will exercise a purchase option, the Group depreciates the right-of-use assets from the commencement dates to the end of the useful lives of the underlying assets.

             Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, which comprise fixed payments, in-substance fixed payments, variable lease payments which depend on an index or a rate, residual value guarantees, the exercise price of a purchase option if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and payments of penalties for terminating a lease if the lease term reflects such termination, less any lease incentives receivable. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in a lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the lessee's incremental borrowing rate will be used.

             Subsequently, lease liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, with interest expense recognized over the lease terms. When there is a change in a lease term, a change in the amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, a change in the assessment of

             an option to purchase an underlying asset, or a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or a rate used to determine those payments, the Group remeasures the lease liabilities with a corresponding adjustment to the right-of-use assets. However, if the carrying amount of the right-of-use assets is reduced to zero, any remaining amount of the remeasurement is recognized in profit or loss. For a lease modification that is not accounted for as a separate lease, the Group accounts for the remeasurement of the lease liability by (a) decreasing the carrying amount of the right-of-use assets due to the lease modification on the scope, and recognizing in profit or loss any gain or loss on the partial or full termination of the lease; (b) making a corresponding adjustment to the right-of-use asset of all other lease modifications. Lease liabilities are presented on a separate line in the consolidated balance sheets.

             Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

      14. Borrowing costs

          Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.

          Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings before their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.

          Other than stated above, all other borrowing costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

      15. Government grants

          Government grants are not recognized until there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.

          Government grants related to income are recognized in other income on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Group recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. Specifically, government grants whose primary condition is that the Group should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets are recognized as deferred revenue in the consolidated financial statements and transferred to profit or loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.

          Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the Group with no future related costs are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they become receivable.

          The benefit of a government loan received at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between the proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates.

      16. Employee benefits

          1. Short-term employee benefits

             Liabilities recognized in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related services.

          2. Retirement benefits

             Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognized as expenses when employees have rendered services entitling them to the contributions.

             Defined benefit costs (including service cost, net interest and remeasurement) under the defined benefit retirement benefit plans are determined using the projected unit credit method. Service cost (including current service cost and past service cost) and net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset) are recognized as employee benefits expense in the period they occur. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognized in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to profit or loss.

             Net defined benefit liability (asset) represents the actual deficit (surplus) in the Group's defined benefit plan. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

      17. Share-based payment arrangements

          The fair value at the grant date of the employee share options and restricted stocks for employees is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Group's best estimate of the number of options or shares that are expected to ultimately vest, with a corresponding increase in capital surplus

          - employee share options or non-controlling interests (employee share options issued by subsidiaries) and other equity - unearned employee benefits or non-controlling interests (restricted stocks for employees issued by subsidiaries). It is recognized as an expense in full at the grant date if vesting immediately. The grant date of issued ordinary shares for cash which are reserved for employees is the date on which the number of shares that the employees purchase is confirmed.

          When restricted stocks for employees are issued, other equity - unearned employee benefits is recognized on the grant date, with a corresponding increase in capital surplus - restricted stocks for employees.

          At each balance sheet date, the Group revises its estimate of the number of employee share options and restricted stocks for employees expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates is recognized in profit or loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the capital surplus - employee share options or non-controlling interests (employee share options issued by subsidiaries) and other equity - unearned employee benefits or non-controlling interests (restricted stocks for employees issued by subsidiaries).

      18. Taxation

          Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

          1. Current tax

             Income tax payable (recoverable) is based on taxable profit (loss) for the year determined according to the applicable tax laws of each tax jurisdiction.

             Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in profit or loss because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

             Adjustments of prior years' tax liabilities are added to or deducted from the current year's tax provision.

          2. Deferred tax

             Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. If a temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, and at the time of the transaction, does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences, the resulting deferred tax asset or liability is not recognized. In addition, a deferred tax liability is not recognized on taxable temporary differences arising from the initial recognition of goodwill.

             Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences, unused loss carryforwards and unused tax credits for capital expenditure to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

             Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary difference associated with such investments and interests are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.

             The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the assets to be recovered. A previously unrecognized deferred tax asset is also reviewed at each balance sheet date and recognized to the extent that it becomes probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

             Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liabilities are settled or assets are realized, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the balance sheet date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

             The Group has applied the exception from the recognition and disclosure of deferred tax assets and liabilities relating to Pillar Two income taxes. Accordingly, the Group neither recognizes nor discloses information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Pillar Two income taxes.

          3. Current and deferred tax

             Current and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

             Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.

      19. U.S. Dollar Amounts

      A translation of the consolidated financial statements into U.S. dollars (US$) is included solely for the convenience of the readers and has been translated from NT$ at the exchange rate as set forth in the statistical release by the Federal Reserve Board of the United States, which was NT$31.37 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2025. The translation should not be construed as a representation that the NT$ amounts

      have been, could have been, or could in the future be, converted into US$ amounts at this or any other rate of exchange.

5. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY

   In the application of the Group's accounting policies, management is required to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions on the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and underlying assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

   The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the year in which the estimates are revised if the revisions affect only that year or in the year of the revisions and future years if the revisions affect both current and future years.

   Impairment of goodwill

   Determining whether goodwill is impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated. The calculation of the value in use requires management to estimate the future cash flows expected to be generated from the cash-generating units and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate the present value. Where the change in facts and circumstances results in downward revision of future cash flows or upward revision of discount rates, a material impairment loss may arise.

6. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS December 31 2024 2025 NT$ NT$ US$ (Note 4)

   Cash on hand, checking accounts and demand deposits

   Cash equivalents (time deposits with original maturity of less than three months)

   $ 54,757,980 $ 56,745,638 $ 1,808,914

   21,734,844	35,723,213	1,138,770
   $ 76,492,824	$ 92,468,851	$ 2,947,684

7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS (FVTPL) December 31 2024 2025 NT$ NT$ US$ (Note 4)

   Financial assets

   mandatorily classified as at FVTPL

   Derivative instruments (non-designated hedges)

   Swap contracts	$ 4,282,512	$ 3,412,108	$ 108,770
   Forward exchange contracts	258,362	248,813	7,932
   Non-derivative financial assets
   Quoted shares	2,898,751	2,277,680	72,607
   Private-placement funds	1,503,382	1,435,095	45,747
   			(Continued)

   December 31

   2024 NT$		2025 NT$ US$ (Note 4)
   Open-end mutual funds	$ 590,346	$ 971,952	$ 30,983
   Unquoted shares	863,484	822,065	26,205
   Others	-	161,150	5,138
   Hybrid financial assets
   Equity-linked structured products	-	497,899	15,872
   Convertible notes	360,635	345,730	11,021
   Others	74,570	15,000	478
   	$ 10,832,042	$ 10,187,492	$ 324,753
   Current	$ 8,390,606	$ 7,754,182	$ 247,185
   Non-current	2,441,436	2,433,310	77,568
   	$ 10,832,042	$ 10,187,492	$ 324,753
   Financial liabilities held for trading
   Derivative instruments (non-designated hedges)
   Swap contracts	$ 179,967	$ 736,231	$ 23,469
   Forward exchange contracts	63,785	75,438	2,405
   Accumulator contracts -		13,751	438
   243,752		825,420	26,312
   Contingent considerations (Note 29) 589,117		569,948	18,169
   $ 832,869		$ 1,395,368	$ 44,481
   Current	$ 324,278	$ 966,484	$ 30,809
   Non-current	508,591	428,884	13,672
   	$ 832,869	$ 1,395,368	$ 44,481

   (Concluded)

   1. At each balance sheet date, outstanding swap contracts not accounted for hedge accounting were as follows:

      Currency	Maturity Period	Notional Amount (In Thousands)
      December 31, 2024
      Sell RMB/Buy US$	2025.01	RMB830,661/US$114,000
      Sell HKD/Buy US$	2025.02-2025.03	HKD22,830/US$2,939
      Sell JPY/Buy US$	2025.01	JPY1,035,320/US$6,994
      Sell MXN/Buy US$	2025.01	MXN923,715/US$45,000
      Sell NT$/Buy US$	2025.01-2025.12	NT$108,539,284/US$3,496,000
      Sell US$/Buy KRW	2025.01-2025.03	US$69,000/KRW99,002,500
      Sell US$/Buy NT$	2025.01-2025.02	US$254,440/NT$8,221,338

      (Continued)

      Currency	Maturity Period	Notional Amount (In Thousands)
      December 31, 2025
      Sell JPY/Buy US$	2026.01	JPY633,220/US$4,256
      Sell MYR/Buy US$	2026.01-2026.04	MYR69,971/US$17,000
      Sell NT$/Buy US$	2026.01-2026.12	NT$131,245,282/US$4,303,000
      Sell US$/Buy KRW	2026.01-2026.02	US$52,000/KRW76,211,890
      Sell US$/Buy NT$	2026.01-2026.03	US$69,180/NT$2,156,913

      (Concluded)

   2. At each balance sheet date, outstanding forward exchange contracts not accounted for hedge accounting were as follows:

      Currency	Maturity Period	Notional Amount (In Thousands)
      December 31, 2024
      Sell RMB/Buy JPY	2025.01	RMB7,888/JPY165,000
      Sell RMB/Buy NT$	2025.01-2025.03	RMB10,000/NT$44,542
      Sell RMB/Buy US$	2025.01	RMB130,495/US$18,000
      Sell EUR/Buy TND	2025.01-2025.12	EUR7,074/TND24,000
      Sell EUR/Buy US$	2025.01-2025.12	EUR5,435/US$6,000
      Sell NT$/Buy US$	2025.01-2025.02	NT$3,545,010/US$110,000
      Sell US$/Buy RMB	2025.01-2025.02	US$436,000/RMB3,172,282
      Sell US$/Buy EUR	2025.01	US$3,165/EUR3,000
      Sell US$/Buy JPY	2025.01-2025.02	US$54,020/JPY8,335,356
      Sell US$/Buy KRW	2025.01	US$7,000/KRW10,071,340
      Sell US$/Buy MYR	2025.01	US$6,000/MYR26,758
      Sell US$/Buy NT$	2025.01-2025.03	US$81,610/NT$2,653,807
      Sell US$/Buy SGD	2025.01-2025.03	US$13,100/SGD17,506
      December 31, 2025
      Sell RMB/Buy JPY	2026.01	RMB7,583/JPY165,000
      Sell RMB/Buy US$	2026.01	RMB127,404/US$18,000
      Sell MXN/Buy US$	2026.01	MXN289,184/US$16,000
      Sell NT$/Buy US$	2026.01-2026.03	NT$7,711,585/US$250,000
      Sell US$/Buy RMB	2026.01	US$569,700/RMB4,009,470
      Sell US$/Buy EUR	2026.01	US$2,325/EUR2,000
      Sell US$/Buy JPY	2026.01-2026.02	US$83,700/JPY12,974,168
      Sell US$/Buy KRW	2026.01	US$21,610/KRW31,573,162
      Sell US$/Buy MYR	2026.01	US$500/MYR2,025
      Sell US$/Buy NT$	2026.01-2026.03	US$246,330/NT$7,716,117
      Sell US$/Buy SGD	2026.01-2026.02	US$17,700/SGD22,826

   3. At balance sheet date, outstanding accumulator contracts not accounted for hedge accounting were as follows:

      December 31, 2025

      Underlying Asset Strike Price Knock-out Price Currency Maturity Date Contract Duration Note

      USD CBA 115.20-200.78 (a) / 176.89-290.81 (b) - USD 2026.10-2026.12 1 year Note 1

      USD ACCU 631.42 800.90 USD 2026.08 1 year Note 2

      Note 1: If the market price of the underlying asset is lower than the strike price (b), the Group shall purchase twice the agreed quantity of shares at the strike price (b). If the market price of the

      underlying asset is higher than the strike price (b), the Group shall purchase the agreed quantity of shares at the strike price (a). In addition, after a specified maintenance period has elapsed, the counterparty may early terminate the contract.

      Note 2: If the market price of the underlying asset is lower than or equal to the strike price, the Group will purchase twice the agreed quantity of shares at the strike price. If the market price of the underlying asset falls between the strike price and the knock-out price, the share settlement will be conducted based on the agreed quantity. If the market price of the underlying asset is higher than or equal to the knock-out price, the contract will be early terminated.

8. FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (FVTOCI) December 31

   2024		2025
   	NT$	NT$	US$ (Note 4)
   Investments in equity instruments	$ 12,933,733	$ 12,607,114	$ 401,885
   Investments in debt instruments	1,025,760	1,008,140	32,137
   	$ 13,959,493	$ 13,615,254	$ 434,022
   a. Investments in equity instruments
   		December 31
   2024		2025
   	NT$	NT$	US$ (Note 4)
   Unquoted ordinary shares	$ 12,846,151	$ 12,546,772	$ 399,961
   Taiwan Innovation Board (TIB) quoted ordinary shares	72,774	47,934	1,528
   Unquoted preferred shares	14,808	12,408	396
   	$ 12,933,733	$ 12,607,114	$ 401,885
   b. Investments in debt instruments
   		December 31
   	2024	2025
   	NT$	NT$ US$ (Note 4)
   Unsecured cumulative subordinate corporate bonds	$ 1,025,760	$ 1,008,140 $ 32,137

   The Group purchased 1,000 units of the abovementioned perpetual corporate bonds with par value of NT$1,000 thousand (US$32 thousand) and the annual interest rate and effective interest rate was 3.5% and 3.2%, respectively.

9. CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT FOR INVESTMENTS IN DEBT INSTRUMENTS

The Group's investment in unsecured cumulative subordinate corporate bonds is rated the equivalent of investment grade or higher and has low credit risk for impairment assessment.

There was no significant increase in credit risk of such debt instrument since initial recognition leading to