Ribbon Communications Inc. · NASDAQ:RBBN
Ribbon Communications — Technical Presentation (December 2020)
31 slides from Ribbon Communications's technical presentation, Dec 15, 2020
Slide 1: Optical Networking Demystified
Optical Networking Demystified Sam Lisle December 15, 2020
Slide 2: Ribbon for IP and Optical
Ribbon for IP and Optical • Ribbon acquired ECI Telecom in March, 2020 • Full line of Optical, Ethernet, and IP platforms – Pizza-boxes to multi-terabit, full-rack systems Headquartered in the US – Automated network management Customers in over 140 countries1 • Help service providers and electric ut
Slide 3: No one is dumb…. Just maybe unfamiliar…
No one is dumb…. Just maybe unfamiliar… • What can optical networks do for me? • What are the major piece parts and vocabulary? • What do I have to think about when I deploy? • Any cool stuff on the market I should be aware of? 3
Slide 4: What Can an Optical Network Do for Me?
What Can an Optical Network Do for Me? • Increase capacity without deploying more fiber cable – 100G large capacity to >10Tb/s huge capacity on one fiber pair Site A Site B • Increase distance without deploying lots of electronics – > 80km to 100’s of km’s to 1000’s of km’s Site A Site B • Protect m
Slide 5: A couple basics…
A couple basics… UV Visible IR C-band L-band 380-740nm 1310 nm 1528-1568 nm 1568-1610 nm Light you can Used for Used for actually see Gray optics WDM wavelengths in an optical system • Optical Fiber has loss • Light exists as electromagnetic waves • Loss is different for different wavelengths • Diff
Slide 6: What are the Key Pieces of an Optical System?
What are the Key Pieces of an Optical System? Network • Optical line system Management – Photonic (optical) –“colors” not “bits” System – Manipulates “wavelengths” (optical channels) Optical Line System – Delivers capacity and distance – Layer 0 – Analog • Transponders/muxponders/OTN switches • “Wav
Slide 7: What is a Transponder?
What is a Transponder? • Single client port Optical Line System – Layer 0 • Single wave port • Rate of client and network port are 10G OTU2 wave roughly the same “Wavelength” in the 1550nm • No “grooming” “window” OTU2 With FEC • 3 functions – Terminates client – Transparently wraps the client signa
Slide 8: What is a Muxponder?
What is a Muxponder? (Multiplexing Transponder) • Many lower-speed client ports Optical Line System – Layer 0 100G OTU4 • Single higher-speed wave port wave • Saves wavelengths “Wavelength” OTU4 With FEC • 4 functions in the 1550nm “window” – Terminates client optics ODU4 High order – Transparently
Slide 9: What is OTN Switching?
What is OTN Switching? Optical Line System – Layer 0 • Ability to groom across “Wavelength” 100G OTU4 wave – Many lower-speed client ports in the 1550nm “window” – Many wavelength ports OTU4 With FEC • Save wavelengths – more protection ODU4 ODU4 High order options (HO) ODU4 ODU2 ODU2 ODU2ODU2 conta
Slide 10: OTN Containers
OTN Containers Any type of client signal: Ethernet, SONET, Fiber Channel, etc. Muxing/ Client Port Type ODU Bit Rate Mapping Transporting switching/ Container Protecting 1GE 1GE ODU0 GE ODU0 1.25Gb/s ODU0 OC48/STM-16 ODU1 2.5Gb/s 1GE N x 100G wave 10GE ODU ODU0 Various ODUFlex Nx 1.25Gb/s Flex 10GE
Slide 11: What are the Functions of a Line System?
What are the Functions of a Line System? • Combining many waves together onto a single fiber to achieve capacity – Wavelength division multiplexing • Manipulating wavelengths – Added/dropped/passed through/switched – Optical ADM – ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer) • Taming the wild
Slide 12: Combining Waves using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
Combining Waves using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) • DWDM – dense WDM – Up to 128 channels with 37.5GHz spacing of each channel – Channels can be up to 400G or greater • (may need wider spacing depending about how far you want to go) – Can be amplified for long distances – Started in long
Slide 13: DWDM Grids
DWDM “Grids” Each wavelength consumes spectrum in the C-Band Fixed Grid • 100GHz Spaced center- frequencies • 100GHz wide channels 100 GHZ Fixed Grid • 44 channels in C-band Fixed Grid • 50GHz Spaced center- frequencies • 50GHz wide channels 50GHZ Fixed Grid • 88/96 channels in C-band Flex-grid • Ce
Slide 14: What Determines How Much Spectrum I Use for Each Wavelength?
What Determines How Much Spectrum I Use for Each Wavelength? • 10G transponders/muxponders are simple – 10G waves typically use 50GHz or 100GHz spectral grid – Intensity modulation – Direct detection – presence of light = “1”; absence of light = “0” • 100G+ transponders/muxponders are more flexible
Slide 15: Transponder Options
Transponder Options Knobs to turn: Baud Rate Baud rate (symbols/second) x Modulation (bits/symbol) x 2 polarizations 25GBaud 140GBaud = Line rate (bits/second) Modulation 64QAM 32QAM 8QAM 16QAM 16QAM 8QAM QPSK 64QAM QPSK Bits/symbol e.g., 64QAM constellation 2 3 4 5 6 = 6 bits/symbol Example: “100”G
Slide 16: No Free Lunch…
No Free Lunch… • Increasing baud rate Baud Rate Transceiver efficiency • Improves transceiver efficiency (Bits/device) (bits/device) Spectrum Baud • Increases spectrum required 25GBaud 140GBaud Rate Used • Increasing modulation Spectral efficiency • Improves spectral efficiency (bits/Hz) Modulation
Slide 17: Performance Optimized Transport – Adaptive Baud Rate
Performance Optimized Transport – Adaptive Baud Rate 3 better knobs ** Low High • Deliver 400GE clients Fractional QAM Mod. 600 DCI • 400G or 200G line rate performance (bits/symbol) 75 GHz • Over fixed-grid and flex-grid networks 3 3.5 4 500 Metro and 2.5 4.5 Regional 2 5 Line rate (Gbps) 400 1.5 5
Slide 18: Manipulating Wavelengths…
Manipulating Wavelengths… • Point to point only – All waves going in Site A come out at Site B Site B Site A – Just mux many waves onto one fiber • Fixed Optical Add/drop Multiplexers (FOADMs) – Cheap hardware, but requires truck roll and manual configuration at site B Site A Site B Site C • Reconfi
Slide 19: Brute Force Networking
1 9 Brute Force Networking • Multiplex and demultiplex all waves at each site • Use patch panel to manually patch through or add/drop at each site - flexible • Heavy loss at each site for through waves Site A Site B Site C Site D MXD MXD MXD MXD MXD MXD 19 19 8
Slide 20: A Little Better – Fixed OADM units
2 0 A Little Better – Fixed OADM units • Add/drop pre-determined Site A Site D Site B Site C channels at intermediate sites FOADM FOADM FOADM FOADM • Pass remaining channels MXD MXD through without demultiplexing - simpler • Better performance (less loss) for through channels • Less flexibility 20 2
Slide 21: ROADM Networking – Where Networks are Trending
2 1 ROADM Networking – Where Networks are Trending • Wavelength selective switch (WSS) devices at each ROADM node • Add/drop/passthrough wavelengths via remote provisioning • WSS devices offer many other benefits – Dynamically balance the power between all wavelengths sharing a fiber – Dynamically c
Slide 22: Different Types of ROADMs
Different Types of ROADMs (different types of add/drop hardware) Colorless / Colorless / Directionless / “Static” / “AWG” “Colorless” (C) Directionless (CD) Contentionless (CDC) West East West East West East West East ROADM ROADM Line Side Line Side ROADM ROADM Line Side Line Side Add/drop Add/drop
Slide 23: It's Analog - What Can Possibly Go Wrong???
It’s Analog - What Can Possibly Go Wrong??? • Optical attenuation (loss) – Wavelengths lose power Fix this with amplifiers – Receiver can’t determine a “one” from a “zero” – OSNR (optical signal to noise ratio) becomes too low • Dispersion Fix this with – Pulses of light spread out as they travel -
Slide 24: Attenuation (loss) Reduces Optical Power
Attenuation (loss) Reduces Optical Power • Losses from Attenuation - Limits “How Far”: dB/km – fiber – WSS devices – mux/demux and filters • Amplifiers (EDFAs*) boost the power 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 – Of ALL** waves on the fiber! – Without terminating ANY of them! – Without electronically repeating ea
Slide 25: No Free Lunch in the Analog World
No Free Lunch in the Analog World Network Planner™ Amplifier gain changes with input power and frequency of each wavelength 8 Requires great network planning software 7.5 Amplifier noise • Off-line while synchronized with the Noise figure (dB) 7 6.5 changes with input production network 6 • Optical
Slide 26: Dispersion – When Pulses Spread out Down the Fiber
Dispersion – When Pulses Spread out Down the Fiber – 10G waves and below • Leading edge of pulse travels faster than trailing edge 1 1 Input pulses • Pulses bleed together - causes bit errors 0 Pulse Shape and Amplitudes • Applicable in ‘direct detected’ systems 1 1 – 10G waves and below 0 • Largely
Slide 27: Network OTDR Helps you Predict and React to Fiber Failures
Network OTDR Helps you Predict and React to Fiber Failures • Optical Time Domain Reflectometer is test equipment that finds fiber defects Power of Fiber cut location reflected light • “Network OTDR” is an OTDR deployed in the Normal fiber loss Normal connector existing fiber plant reflectance and lo
Slide 28: Technology, Design, and Deployment Considerations
Technology, Design, and Deployment Considerations • Things that impact distance… – Will I need to add sites and grow my network geographically? • Things that impact capacity… – Will I be rolling out higher speed residential broadband? – Will I be offering mobile backhaul services for 5G? • Things th
Slide 29: What are Things that Help Me with Smaller Optical Networks
What are Things that Help Me with Smaller Optical Networks • Neptune™ Ethernet/IP platforms with “just right” optical additions – Amplifiers + WDM to extend capacity and distance for a low cost Neptune 1000 Series • Apollo™ Micro-ROADM – Future-proofing benefits of FlexGrid MicroROADM – Automation b
Slide 30: Here to help…
Here to help… Elizabeth Page Sam Lisle Sales Director Architectures and Solutions Ribbon Communications Ribbon Communications epage@rbbn.com sam.lisle@rbbn.com 919.889.8257 214.552.3500 Raleigh, NC area Dallas area Bruno Grad VP - Solutions Engineering Ribbon Communications Bruno.grad@rbbn.com 754.2
Slide 31: Thank you!!
oO ECI, Now Part of Ribbon Thank you!!
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