Focus Graphite Inc. · TSXV:FMS
Focus Graphite — 16th Annual Advanced Automotive Battery Conference (June 2016)
29 slides from Focus Graphite's conference presentation, Jun 14, 2016
Slide 1: Electrochemical Performance of Lac Knife High Purity Flake in the Anode and Cathode of Lithium Ion Batteries
ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF LAC KNIFE HIGH PURITY FLAKE IN THE ANODE AND CATHODE OF LITHIUM ION BATTERIES 16th Annual Advanced Automotive Battery Conference Detroit, Michigan - June 14, 2016 Dr. Joseph E. Doninger, Director of Manufacturing and Technology Gary Economo, President and CEO
Slide 2: Outline
OUTLINE Lac Knife Graphite Project Overview Performance of Lac Knife Graphite and Synthe9c Graphite in Li Ion Cells Long Term Cycling Performance of Lac Knife Graphite Produc9on of Expanded Lac Knife Graphite Lac Knife Graphite as a Conduc9vity Addi9ve in Cathodes Advantages of Using Lac Knife Graph
Slide 3: Lac Knife Graphite Project
LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE PROJECT Lac Knife, Québec, Canada
Slide 4: Drill Rig & Cores
FOCUS DRILL RIG &. CORES GRAPHITE
Slide 5: Flotation Cell Cleaning Circuit
FLOTATION CELL CLEANING CIRCUIT
Slide 6: Flake Purification Process
FLAKE PURIFICATION PROCESS Flota&on Concentrate Lac Knife Graphite Concentrate a-er Polishing a-er Purifica&on 96% Cg 98.3% Cg 99.98%+ Cg
Slide 7: SEM of Uncoated Standard-Grade Purified Spherical Graphite
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROGRAPH (SEM) OF UNCOATED STANDARD-GRADE PURIFIED SPHERICAL • SEM shows flake graphite has been successfully processed to produce spherical par9cles (SPG • SPG was coated with carbon to reduce the Specific Surface Area (SSA) to make it suitable for use in Lithium-ion BaFeries • Co
Slide 8: Performance of Lac Knife Flake Graphite and Synthetic Graphite in Li Ion Coin Cells
PERFORMANCE OF LAC KNIFE FLAKE GRAPHITE AND SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE IN Li ION COIN CELLS Coated Lac Knife Commercial Grade of Spherical Graphite Synthe9c Graphite
Slide 9: Fig.1 Initial Charge-Discharge Curves for Standard Grade Uncoated SPG
Fig.1 INITIAL GALVANOSTATIC CHARGE-DISCHARGE CURVES FOR STANDARD GRADE OF UNCOATED SPG SURFACE AREA = 5.15 m2/g TAP DENSITY = 0.96 g/cc 363 Cell # 708, CR2016, counter: Li/Li+; Graphite: Standard Grade Uncoated SPG (D50 = 24um); Rate:C/20; Electrolyte: 1M LiPF6 in FEC/EMC (30:70 vol%), 1st Cycle Los
Slide 10: Fig.2 Initial Charge-Discharge Curves for Standard Grade Coated SPG
Fig.2 INITIAL GALVANOSTATIC CHARGE-DISCHARGE CURVES FOR STANDARD GRADE OF COATED SPG SURFACE AREA = 0.48 m2/g TAP DENSITY = 0.90 g/cc
Slide 11: Fig.3 Initial Charge-Discharge Curves for Fine Grade Coated SPG
Fig.3 INITIAL GALVANOSTATIC CHARGE-DISCHARGE CURVES FOR FINE GRADE OF COATED SPG SURFACE AREA = 1.14 m2/g TAP DENSITY = 0.87 g/cc
Slide 12: Fig.4 Initial Charge-Discharge Curves for Synthetic Graphite #1
Fig.4 INITIAL GALVANOSTATIC CHARGE-DISCHARGE CURVES FOR SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE #1 347 Cell 964, Synthe9c Graphite #1 1st Cycle Loss = 6.45% ICL = 6.45% 371
Slide 13: Fig.5 Initial Charge-Discharge Curves for Synthetic Graphite #2
Fig.5 INITIAL GALVANOSTATIC CHARGE-DISCHARGE CURVES FOR SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE #2 345 1st Cycle Loss = 3.76% Cell 969, Synthe9c Graphite #2 ICL = 3.76% 358
Slide 14: Fig.6 Initial Curves for Lac Knife Flake Graphite Compared with Synthetic Graphite
Fig.6 INITIAL CHARGE-DISCHARGE CURVES FOR LAC KNIFE FLAKE GRAPHITE COMPARED WITH SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE Cell 964, Synthe9c Graphite #1 Cell 969, Synthe9c Graphite #2 Cell 705B, Focus Graphite, Fine FineGrade GradeCoated CoatedSPG SPG SG1: 6.45% ICL SG2: 3.76% ICL SPG Focus: 0.65% ICL
Slide 15: Fig.7 Charge-Discharge Curves for Fine Grade Coated SPG at C/20, C/5, C/2
Fig.7 GALVANOSTATIC CHARGE-DISCHARGE CURVES FOR FINE GRADE OF CARBON COATED SPG AT C/20, C/5 AND C/2 RATES IN CR2016 HALF CELLS 257 302 365 Cell #705, CR2016, counter: Li/Li+; Graphite: Focus Fine Grade Coated SPG C/2 C/5 C/20 Rate: C/20, C/5, C/2; Electrolyte: 1M LiPF6 in FEC/EMC (30:70 vol%) Cycli
Slide 16: Fig.8 Charge-Discharge Curves for Coated SPG & Synthetic Graphite
Fig. 8 CHARGE-DISCHARGE CURVES FOR CARBON COATED SPG & SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE at C/20 and C/2 RATES IN CR2016 HALF CELLS 257 365 204 345 C/2 C/20 Cell # 705 Fine Grade Coated SPG Cell 969, Synthe9c Graphite #2 Rates: C/20, C/2 1st Cycle Loss = 1.01% 1st Cycle Loss = 3.76% 359 369 • The reduced C/2 Rate
Slide 17: Fig.9 Performance of Lac Knife Flake Graphite and Synthetic Graphite in Coin Cells
Fig.9 PERFORMANCE OF LAC KNIFE FLAKE GRAPHITE AND SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE IN Li ION COIN CELLS Coated Lac Knife Commercial Grade of Spherical Graphite Synthetic Graphite
Slide 18: Long Term Cycling Performance of Lac Knife Graphite
LONG TERM CYCLING PERFORMANCE OF LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE Formation of a Graphite Sphere Spherical Graphite
Slide 19: Fig.10 Long Term Cycling of Uncoated and Coated Lac Knife Spherical Graphite
Fig.10 LONG TERM CYCLING PERFORMANCE OF UNCOATED AND CARBON COATED LAC KNIFE SPHERICAL GRAPHITE Anodes consisted of graphite, binder and carbon black with a 20μ Cu foil current collector
Slide 20: Long Term Cycling of Lac Knife Graphite Compared with Commercial Grades
Fig. 11 LONG TERM CYCLING PERFORMANCE OF LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE COMPARED WITH TWO COMMERCIAL Li ION GRADES OF FLAKE GRAPHITE 400 Approx. 0% loss Reversible Capacity, Ah/kg 300 6.4% 4.4% loss loss Anodes were tested Speronized Coated Standard Grade of Purified Lac Knife Graphite in CR2016 coin cells (Foc
Slide 21: Fig.12 Long Term Cycling of Ultra Fine Grades of Uncoated Lac Knife Graphite
Fig.12 LONG TERM CYCLING PERFORMANCE OF ULTRA FINE GRADES OF UNCOATED LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE 400 344 mAh/g Reversible Capacity, mAh/g 300 330 mAh/g Coin cells were cycled between 0.003 and 1.5 volts. 200 Forma9on was carried out with Lac Knife SPG, D50 = 18 to 22μ C/10 current Lac Knife SPG, D50 = 12 to
Slide 22: Long Term Cycling of Uncoated Natural Flake Graphite Purified to Different Ash Levels
Fig. 13 LONG TERM CYCLING PERFORMANCE OF UNCOATED NATURAL Reversible Capacity, mAh/g FLAKE GRAPHITE PURIFIED TO DIFFERENT ASH LEVELS Sample 1 – 0.02% Ash Sample 2 – 0.80% Ash
Slide 23: Production of Expanded Lac Knife Graphite
PRODUCTION OF EXPANDED LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE Purified Graphite Expanded Graphite
Slide 24: Fig.14 Production of Expanded Lac Knife Graphite
Fig.14 PRODUCTION OF EXPANDED LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE Intercala9on (acids, room temp) Natural Flake Graphite Precursor Intercalated Natural Flake Graphite Exfolia9on 850-950°C in Air “Expanded” Natural Flake Graphite “worm”
Slide 25: Resistivity of Lac Knife Flake Graphite and Synthetic Graphite in Cathode Matrixes
RESISTIVITY OF LAC KNIFE FLAKE GRAPHITE AND SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE IN CATHODE MATRIXES OF Li ION BATTERIES Expanded Graphite Delaminated Graphite
Slide 26: Fig.15 Resistivities in Li Ion Cathode Matrix
Fig. 15 RESISTIVITIES IN Li ION CATHODE MATRIX: LiNiMnCoO2 Premium Quality Synthe9c Graphite, D50 = 3.5 μ Focus’ Lac Knife Expanded Graphite, D50 = 15.8 μ Commercial Flake Graphite, D50 = 6 μ
Slide 27: Advantages of Using Lac Knife Graphite in Batteries
ADVANTAGES OF USING LAC KNIFE GRAPHITE IN BATTERIES Key Proper&es: End User Advantages: • Near Theore9cal • Higher Capacity Reversible Capacity • Low Irreversible • Increased Power Capacity Loss • Reduced Capacity Fade • Longer BaFery Life during Long-term Cycling • High Electrical Conduc9vity • Inc
Slide 28: Disclaimer
DISCLAIMER This presenta9on contains “forward-looking informa9on” within the meaning of Canadian securi9es legisla9on. All informa9on contained herein that is not clearly historical in nature may cons9tute forward-looking informa9on. Generally, such forward- looking informa9on can be iden9fied by the
Slide 29: Thank You
THANK YOU Dr. Joseph E. Doninger PhD, MSc, BSc. Director of Manufacturing and Technology T +1 (224) 436-4835 E jdoninger@focusgraphite.com Focus Graphite Inc. 130 Albert Street Suite 912 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 CANADA T +1 (613) 241-4040 E info@focusgraphite.com W www.focusgraphite.com
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