Soluna Holdings, Inc. · NASDAQ:SLNH

Soluna — Earnings Presentation (September 2022)

72 slides from Soluna's earnings presentation, Sep 23, 2022

  1. Slide 1: Soluna Computing Flash Update, August 2022 Results

    1 HOLDINGS COMPUTING August 2022 Flash September 2022

  2. Slide 2: Preamble

    2 Preamble The following discussion is completely qualified by the legal disclosures on the several pages following this one Our goal is to share with you some of our strategic thinking and financial analysis we are using to guide the growth of our business The discussion is in line with our princip

  3. Slide 3: Legal Disclosure & Disclaimer

    3 Legal Disclosure & Disclaimer This presentation includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act that reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, our operations, business strategy, interpretation of prior development activiti

  4. Slide 4: Legal Disclosure & Disclaimer

    4 Legal Disclosure & Disclaimer The material in this presentation has been prepared by Soluna and is general background information about Soluna’s activities, current as at the date of this presentation and is provided for information purposes only. It should be read in conjunction with Soluna’s per

  5. Slide 5: Legal Disclosure & Disclaimer: Use of Projections and Illustrations

    5 Legal Disclosure & Disclaimer Use of Projections and Illustrations This presentation contains certain financial forecasts and illustrations. Neither Soluna’s [nor Soluna Holdings] independent auditors have studied, reviewed, compiled or performed any procedures with respect to the projections for

  6. Slide 6: Key Operating Principles

    6 Key Operating Principles (1) Calculated as a percent of total undiluted shares 25%(1)

  7. Slide 7: Batch-oriented computing using excess renewable energy

    7 Batch-oriented Computing like cryptocurrency mining Excess energy from renewable sources We buy curtailed energy from renewable power plants and convert it to clean, low-cost global computing. 7

  8. Slide 8: The opportunity beyond crypto is Batchable Computing

    8 The opportunity beyond crypto is Batchable Computing Digital currencies $10B Pharma research $5B Graphics/video processing $40B Scientific research $40B

  9. Slide 9: Agenda

    9 Agenda Business Update In this presentation, we will be covering the following items: Flash August 2022 Results

  10. Slide 10: Business Update

    10 Business Updateib

  11. Slide 11: Engineered to thrive in a BTC downturn

    11 Engineered to thrive in a BTC downturn Right company Right plan for volatile environment

  12. Slide 12: Soluna Status Report

    12 Soluna Status Report Dorothy 50MW o Construction is nearly complete – ~$5 million of capex remaining, a portion of which will be funded by Spring Lane o Awaiting ERCOT approval – active discussions to assess potential gating items o 50MW doubles Soluna’s operating footprint Focus on Liquidity to

  13. Slide 13: What Could Turning on Dorothy Do for Financial Results?

    13 Dorothy 1A 25MW Dorothy 1B 25MW Spring Lane (32% Owner) 100% Owner 100% Hosting 50% / 50% 100% Prop 100% Hosting 50% / 50% 100% Prop Cash Inflows 1,139 1,364 1,588 1,139 1,364 1,588 (-) Power Costs (630) (630) (630) (630) (630) (630) Cash Contribution Margin 509 734 958 509 734 958 % Contribution

  14. Slide 14: Dorothy Gives Us Scale

    14 Dorothy Gives Us Scale 67% 67% 62% 56% 51% 48% 36% 35% 33% 28% 15% 8% IREN BTBT CORZ SLNH (w/o Dorothy) MARA MIGI CLSK GREE SLNH (w/ Dorothy) HUT RIOT HIVE SG&A as a % of Sales (Q2 2022) Increased SG&A to Support Growth from Dorothy – Energization Normalizes SG&A Levels * Based on latest fiscal y

  15. Slide 15: Adjustments to Support Dorothy Buildout

    15 Capital structure contemplated Dorothy energization at the end of Q2 As a result of BTC declines, power cost increases, and ERCOT-related Dorothy energization delays adjustments have been necessary Rescheduled noteholder maturity to better match maturity with Dorothy earnings ramp Convertible not

  16. Slide 16: Sale of GPU Miners from Project Edith

    16 Soluna’s first facility Beta test for the value of Soluna facilities to maximize grid flexibility First-hand experience drove proprietary data center design and green energy enablement thesis Crystallizes ability to deliver robust project level ROIC Delivered ~3.5x ROIC over the course of Soluna’

  17. Slide 17: Edith: Strong Return On Capital Investment

    17 $104 $666 $707 $579 $570 $310 $201 $26 $29 $500 $290 $945 $193 ($841) ($368) $1,467 $1,610 $1,636 $1,665 $2,165 $2,455 FY 20 Q1 21 Q2 21 Q3 21 Q4 21 Q1 22A Q2 22A Jul 22E Aug 22E Sept. 22E Mar 23E EBITDA Contribution CapEx Cumulative CF Edith: Strong Return On Capital Investment All Capital Retur

  18. Slide 18: Marie Hosting Contract Historical Results

    18 Marie Hosting Contract Historical Results $ in (000's) Q3 21 Q4 21 Q1 22 Q2 22 Jul 22 Total Revenue 349 1,729 1,452 1,179 353 5,062 (-) Electricity/Direct Costs (184) (890) (1,086) (975) (443) (3,579) Cash Contribution Margin 166 839 366 203 (90) 1,483 % Margin 47% 49% 25% 17% -26% 29% (-) Rent*

  19. Slide 19: Hosting Update – Improved Terms

    19 Hosting Update – Improved Terms Hosting Operations to Date Renewal of Hosting Contract • Structured prior to moves in power markets and Bitcoin price • Fixed fee + profit share • Economics became challenged as Bitcoin prices declined and power costs increased * Excludes Navier contract, excludes

  20. Slide 20: Power Cost Update

    20 Power Cost Update FUEL COST ADJUSTMENT (“FCA”) PERCENT CHANGE RELATIVE TO JUNE FCA FCA has averaged 1.5 cents - 2.0 cents per kWh for the last seven years ; the FCA in July and August were at unprecedented levels* − July: 3.873 − August: 4.491 September FCA of 2.843 cents per kWh represents a 37%

  21. Slide 21: Illustrative Normalized Cash Contribution Margin

    21 August Revenue $2,447 (-) June Electricity / Direct Costs with 5% Increase (1,257) (-) August Overhead Costs (313) August Cash Contribution Margins Normalized to June FCA Levels $877 Implied % Margin 36% Implied Impact $464 Reference: August Avg. MW Deployed 33.8 June Avg. MW Deployed 34.2 Septem

  22. Slide 22: Facility Results Review

    22 We will review each facility Then look at the consolidated results Facility Results Review

  23. Slide 23: August Business Summary

    23 August Business Summary Flat BTC Production Despite Volatile Market o BTC equivalent mined increased 6% despite average BTC prices increasing only 4% from July to August o Peak hashrate remained above 1 EH/s Cash Contribution Margins Remain Healthy o 20% Consolidated cash contribution margins des

  24. Slide 24: Path to 2.5 EH/s Scale

    24 Path to 2.5 EH/s Scale Anticipating Energizing Q4 2022 Subject to Project Finance Process + Ercot 198 277 255 252 257 235 215 288 265 263 250 280 280 280 126 312 364 439 452 519 608 604 613 606 737 737 1,537 800 800 316 403 567 616 696 714 733 897 869 876 856 1,016 1,816 2,616 Oct 2021 Nov 2021 D

  25. Slide 25: Sophie

    25 Sophie Average August PH/s increased by 3% to 381.74 PH/s versus July PH/S of 371.53 o Ramp up of installed machines continues Adjusted Cash Contribution Margin (Non-GAAP) in August was $353 thousand versus $366 thousand in July o The decrease in 4% of margin was largely due to an increase in ene

  26. Slide 26: Sophie: Non-GAAP Historical Financials

    26 Sophie: Non-GAAP Historical Financials For more information on these non-GAAP financial measures, please see the section captioned “Reconciliation of non-GAAP results of operations to the nearest comparable GAAP measures”. To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared an

  27. Slide 27: Marie

    27 Marie Average hashrate in August was 464.4, compared to 493.8 in July o The decrease was due to seasonal factors including TVA curtailments, weather related hash rate reductions, outages and a transformer malfunction that has been resolved o Average prop hashrate for the first half of September i

  28. Slide 28: Marie: Non-GAAP Historical Financials

    28 Marie: Non-GAAP Historical Financials(A) (A) Marie excludes pass-through revenue and expenses from Legacy Hosting customers. Electricity/Direct Costs reduced by Marie “Prepaid Lease Cost” August 2021 onward.. For details on legacy hosting, see appendix. For more information on these non-GAAP fina

  29. Slide 29: Marie: Operating Metrics

    29 Marie: Operating Metrics(A) (A) Marie excludes pass-through revenue and expenses from Legacy Hosting customers. Electricity/Direct Costs reduced by Marie “Prepaid Lease Cost” August 2021 onward. For details on legacy hosting, see appendix. For more information on these non-GAAP financial measures

  30. Slide 30: Edith

    30 Edith Sale of GPU Miners at the Edith Facility closed in September valuing the assets at $790k o $500k upfront, $290k in the form of a promissory note due in March 2023 which will pay 20% annualized interest on a monthly basis Adjusted Cash Contribution Margin (Non-GAAP), at $29 thousand for Augu

  31. Slide 31: Edith: Non-GAAP Historical Financials

    31 Edith: Non-GAAP Historical Financials For more information on these non-GAAP financial measures, please see the section captioned “Reconciliation of non-GAAP results of operations to the nearest comparable GAAP measures”. To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and

  32. Slide 32: Site Consolidation

    32 Site Consolidation Average BTC mined increased by 6% versus July Combined installed hashrate increased by 19% to 1 EH/s over average 856.1 PH/s average in August Sites stable even in lower BTC price environment Note: Jun -Aug 2022 Hashrate is average of the month. * Daily average hashrate. 6% 8%

  33. Slide 33: Consolidated Soluna Computing Non-GAAP Historical Financials

    33 Consolidated Soluna Computing Non-GAAP Historical Financials(A) (A) Marie excludes pass-through revenue and expenses from Legacy Hosting customers. Electricity/Direct Costs reduced by Marie “Prepaid Lease Cost” August 2021 onward. For details on legacy hosting, see appendix. For more information

  34. Slide 34: Consolidated Soluna Computing Operating Metrics

    34 Consolidated Soluna Computing Operating Metrics(A) (A) Marie excludes pass-through revenue and expenses from Legacy Hosting customers. Electricity/Direct Costs reduced by Marie “Prepaid Lease Cost” August 2021 onward. For details on legacy hosting, see appendix. For more information on these non-

  35. Slide 35: Appendix

    35 Appendix

  36. Slide 36: Our data centers are named after catalyzers

    36 Our data centers are named after catalyzers Edith Sophie Marie Marie Curie was a fearless seeker of truth—a pioneer in the field of radioactivity. She won two Nobel Prizes. In pursuit of the truth, Soluna is constructing a data center with complete transparency to help make the grid stable. Why s

  37. Slide 37: Marie: Impact of forced shutdown

    37 Marie: Impact of forced shutdown *Note: Management estimate Forced shutdown led to a reduction in revenue of $531 and $319 thousand (12.82 and 7.59 BTC equivalent mined) in April and March, respectively and Cash Contribution Margin of $278 and $163 thousand, respectively A new line was installed

  38. Slide 38: Consolidated Non-GAAP Historical Financials With Legacy Hosting

    38 Consolidated Soluna Computing Non-GAAP Historical Financials With Legacy Hosting For more information on these non-GAAP financial measures, please see the section captioned “Reconciliation of non-GAAP results of operations to the nearest comparable GAAP measures”. To supplement our consolidated f

  39. Slide 39: Consolidated Operating Metrics With Legacy Hosting

    39 Consolidated Operating Metrics With Legacy Hosting For more information on these non-GAAP financial measures, please see the section captioned “Reconciliation of non-GAAP results of operations to the nearest comparable GAAP measures”. To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are

  40. Slide 40: Marie: Non-GAAP Historical Financials With Legacy Hosting

    40 Marie: Non-GAAP Historical Financials With Legacy Hosting For more information on these non-GAAP financial measures, please see the section captioned “Reconciliation of non-GAAP results of operations to the nearest comparable GAAP measures”. To supplement our consolidated financial statements, wh

  41. Slide 41: Reconciliation of non-GAAP results to comparable GAAP measures

    41 Reconciliation of non-GAAP results of operations to the nearest comparable GAAP measures

  42. Slide 42: 2022 August YTD

    42 2022 August YTD - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results

  43. Slide 43: 2022 August YTD

    43 2022 August YTD - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results

  44. Slide 44: 2022 August YTD

    44 2022 August YTD - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results

  45. Slide 45: 2022 Q2

    45 2022 Q2 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results

  46. Slide 46: 2022 Q2

    46 2022 Q2 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results

  47. Slide 47: 2022 Q2

    47 2022 Q2 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results

  48. Slide 48: 2022 Q2 Adjusted EBITDA note

    48 2022 Q2 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results Note: Adjusted EBITDA with Legacy Hosting Customer can be calculated by excluding the “Prepaid Lease Cost”, “Legacy Hosting Contribution Margin” and “One Time Projects and Events Adjustment” lines from the schedule above.

  49. Slide 49: 2022 Q1 Reconciliation from GAAP Revenue to Non-GAAP Revenue

    49 2022 Q1 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results Reconciliation from GAAP Revenue to Non-GAAP Revenue ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $517 $4,991 $3,808 $0 $9,316 less Legacy Hosting Revenue 0 52 0 0 52 Revenue (Non-GAAP) $517 $4,940 $3,808 $0

  50. Slide 50: 2022 Q1 Reconciliation to Adjusted Cost of Revenue

    50 2022 Q1 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results Reconciliation from Cost of Cryptocurrency Revenue to Adjusted Cost of Revenue (Non-GAAP) ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $517 $4,991 $3,808 $0 $9,316 Cost of cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP): Elect

  51. Slide 51: 2022 Q1 Contribution Margin Reconciliation

    51 2022 Q1 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $517 $4,991 $3,808 $0 $9,316 Cost of cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) 299 4,598 3,961 0 8,859 Depreciation 93 2,127 2,104 0 4,324 Project Equipment Repairs 0 0 0 0 0

  52. Slide 52: 2022 Q1 Adjusted EBITDA

    52 2022 Q1 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results Note: Adjusted EBITDA with Legacy Hosting Customer can be calculated by excluding the “Prepaid Lease Cost”, “Legacy Hosting Contribution Margin” and “One Time Projects and Events Adjustment” lines from the schedule above.

  53. Slide 53: 2021 FY Reconciliation from GAAP Revenue to Non-GAAP Revenue

    53 2021 FY - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results Reconciliation from GAAP Revenue to Non-GAAP Revenue ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $3,648 $7,925 $2,772 $0 $14,345 less Legacy Hosting Revenue 0 1,335 0 0 1,335 Revenue (Non-GAAP) $3,648 $6,590

  54. Slide 54: 2021 FY Reconciliation to Adjusted Cost of Revenue

    54 Reconciliation from Cost of Cryptocurrency Revenue to Adjusted Cost of Revenue (Non-GAAP) ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $3,648 $7,925 $2,772 $0 $14,345 Cost of cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP): Electricity/Direct costs* 611 3,712 884 0 5,207

  55. Slide 55: 2021 FY Contribution Margin Reconciliation

    55 2021 FY - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $3,648 $7,925 $2,772 $0 $14,345 Cost of cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) 1,174 4,992 1,904 0 8,070 Depreciation 314 1,096 713 0 2,123 Project Equipment Repairs 23 0 0

  56. Slide 56: 2021 FY Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation

    56 2021 FY - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $3,648 $7,925 $2,772 $0 $14,345 Cost of cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) 1,174 4,992 1,904 0 8,070 Depreciation 314 1,096 713 0 2,123 Project Equipment Repairs 23 0 0

  57. Slide 57: 2021 Q4 Reconciliation from GAAP Revenue to Non-GAAP Revenue

    57 2021 Q4 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results Reconciliation from GAAP Revenue to Non-GAAP Revenue ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $864 $4,933 $2,772 $0 $8,569 less Legacy Hosting Revenue 0 579 0 0 579 Revenue (Non-GAAP) $864 $4,354 $2,772 $

  58. Slide 58: 2021 Q4 Reconciliation to Adjusted Cost of Revenue

    58 2021 Q4 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results Reconciliation from Cost of Cryptocurrency Revenue to Adjusted Cost of Revenue (Non-GAAP) ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $864 $4,933 $2,772 $0 $8,569 Cost of cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP): Elect

  59. Slide 59: 2021 Q4 Contribution Margin Reconciliation

    59 2021 Q4 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $864 $4,933 $2,772 $0 $8,569 Cost of cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) 299 3,274 1,881 0 5,455 Depreciation 91 938 713 0 1,742 Project Equipment Repairs 0 0 0 0 0 Cont

  60. Slide 60: 2021 Q4 Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation

    60 2021 Q4 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $864 $4,933 $2,772 $0 $8,569 Cost of cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) 299 3,274 1,881 0 $5,455 Depreciation 91 938 713 0 $1,742 Project Equipment Repairs 0 0 0 0 $0 p

  61. Slide 61: 2021 Q3 Reconciliation from GAAP Revenue to Non-GAAP Revenue

    61 Reconciliation from GAAP Revenue to Non-GAAP Revenue ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total MTII Corporate Consolidated Product revenue (GAAP) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,949 $0 $1,949 Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $905 $2,219 $0 $0 $3,124 $0 $0 $3,124 less Legacy Hosting Revenue 0 757

  62. Slide 62: 2021 Q3 Reconciliation to Adjusted Cost of Revenue

    62 Reconciliation from Cost of Cryptocurrency Revenue to Adjusted Cost of Revenue (Non-GAAP) ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total MTII Corporate Consolidated Product revenue (GAAP) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,949 $0 $1,949 Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $905 $2,219 $0 $0 $3,124 $0 $0 $3,1

  63. Slide 63: 2021 Q3 Contribution Margin Reconciliation

    63 ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total MTII Corporate Consolidated Product revenue (GAAP) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,949 $0 $1,949 Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $905 $2,219 $0 $0 $3,124 $0 $0 $3,124 Cost of product revenue (GAAP) 0 0 0 0 0 661 0 661 Cost of cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP

  64. Slide 64: 2021 Q3 Adjusted EBITDA Contribution Reconciliation

    64 2021 Q3 - Reconciliation Of Non-GAAP Results Reconciliation from Operating (Loss) Income to Adjusted EBITDA Contribution (Non-GAAP) ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total MTII Corporate Consolidated Net (Loss) Income (GAAP) $581 $259 ($217) ($1,089) ($466) $678 ($822) ($610) I

  65. Slide 65: 2021 Q2 Reconciliation to Adjusted Cost of Revenue

    65 Reconciliation from Cost of Cryptocurrency Revenue to Adjusted Cost of Revenue (Non-GAAP) ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total MTII Corporate Consolidated Product revenue (GAAP) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,647 $0 $1,647 Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $988 $669 $0 $0 $1,657 $0 $0 $1,657

  66. Slide 66: 2021 Q2 Contribution Margin Reconciliation

    66 Reconciliation from Revenue and Cost of Revenue to Contribution Margin (Non-GAAP) ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total MTII Corporate Consolidated Product revenue (GAAP) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,647 $0 $1,647 Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $988 $669 $0 $0 $1,657 $0 $0 $1,657 Cost of

  67. Slide 67: 2021 Q2 Adjusted EBITDA Contribution Reconciliation

    67 Reconciliation from Operating (Loss) Income to Adjusted EBITDA Contribution (Non-GAAP) ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total MTII Corporate Consolidated Net (Loss) Income (GAAP) $554 $321 ($38) ($126) $710 ($270) ($1,614) ($1,174) Other Income (Expense) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $5 ($3)

  68. Slide 68: 2021 Q1 Reconciliation to Adjusted Cost of Revenue

    68 Reconciliation from Cost of Cryptocurrency Revenue to Adjusted Cost of Revenue (Non-GAAP) ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total MTII Corporate Consolidated Product revenue (GAAP) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,337 $0 $1,337 Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $891 $104 $0 $0 $995 $0 $0 $995 Cos

  69. Slide 69: 2021 Q1 Contribution Margin Reconciliation

    69 Reconciliation from Revenue and Cost of Revenue to Contribution Margin (Non-GAAP) ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total MTII Corporate Consolidated Product revenue (GAAP) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,337 $0 $1,337 Cryptocurrency revenue (GAAP) $891 $104 $0 $0 $995 $0 $0 $995 Cost of pro

  70. Slide 70: 2021 Q1 Adjusted EBITDA Contribution Reconciliation

    70 Reconciliation from Operating (Loss) Income to Adjusted EBITDA Contribution (Non-GAAP) ($ in 000s) (Unaudited) Edith Marie Sophie Corporate Total MTII Corporate Consolidated Operating (Loss) Income (GAAP) $566 ($287) ($170) ($48) $62 ($402) ($331) ($671) Depreciation (GAAP) $68 $8 $0 $0 $76 $17 $

  71. Slide 71: The future of renewable energy is computing.

    71 The future of renewable energy is computing.

  72. Slide 72: Learn more at solunacomputing.com

    72 Learn more at solunacomputing.com

Soluna Holdings — Earnings Presentation (September 2022) on 6ix