Avtech Sweden Ab · OMXSTO:AVT_B
Avtech Sweden Ab — 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 2003
41 slides from Avtech Sweden Ab's conference presentation, Oct 16, 2003
Slide 1: Europe's Emerging Trajectory-Based ATM Environment
Europe’s Emerging Trajectory-Based ATM Environment Keith D. Wichman, Smiths Aerospace, Grand Rapids, Michigan Lars GV Lindberg and Ludwig Kilchert, AVTECH, Åkersberga, Sweden Okko F. Bleeker, Rockwell-Collins, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 Ind
Slide 2: Outline
Outline • Introduction – Problem Statement • Future Vision – SWIM – 4D Trajectory Management • Operational Concept • Way Forward 2 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 3: Introduction
Introduction 3 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 4: Present ATM Approach is Not Successful
Present ATM Approach is Not Successful • Neither an agreed ATM Concept nor a Vision has evolved… • ATC interests and organization • ATC failure to understand airborne needs, capabilities and dependability • Conflicting interests between aircraft and ground equipment suppliers 4 22nd Digital Avionics
Slide 5: Traditional Environment...
Traditional Environment... 5 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 6: Our Inheritance
Our Inheritance • Centralized, control oriented ATC – bottleneck • First come, first served – creates unmanageable peaks • Ancient operational rules • Datalink – largely unsupported/unused • Fragmented airspace – national and departmental walls • Communication – man oriented, no redundancy • Airport
Slide 7: Without Mandates...
Without Mandates... Only build new functionality IF Airframers the Airlines will buy it! & Avionics Suppliers Only buy new functionality IF Only provide benefits ATC gives benefits for it! IF the Airframers have built it! Airlines ATC 7 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - I
Slide 8: Future Vision
Future Vision 8 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 9: Overall ATM Objectives
Overall ATM Objectives • Get more aircraft through the available infrastructure – Safely – On-time – Ecologically – Economically 9 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 10: Essential ATM Improvements
Essential ATM Improvements Aircraft and Ground • 4D prediction and control • Airborne traffic awareness, control and alerting • Surface traffic awareness and alerting • Data exchange between ATC, A/C and AOC • Terrain and weather awareness and alerting • HMI • Communication 10 22nd Digital Avionics
Slide 11: Goal…
Goal… 11 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 12: Cornerstones…
Cornerstones… • SWIM – System-Wide Information Management • 4D Trajectory Management “These cornerstones have now been laid by EUROCONTROL and the EC as foundational for tomorrow’s ATM environment.” • Heritage: PHARE, AFAS, MA-AFAS, C-ATM, etc. 12 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 Octob
Slide 13: Generalized Aircraft "Control System"
Generalized Aircraft “Control System” ‘planned’ or current ‘reference’ state state control ‘error’ response disturbance 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 14: 4-Layered Control System
4-Layered Control System planned state actual state Loop (rad/s) Reference Trajectory position position 0.003~0.03 strat velocity guidance vector 0.03~0.3 attitude & strat acceleration control s 0.3~3.0 flt ctl surfaces & engine actuation 3.0~10 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 O
Slide 15: Collective set of movements optimisation process
“Collective set” of movements Optimisation process (air traffic management system) planned state actual state loop planned state actual state loop Referenc Referenc e position position e position position Trajector 0.003~0.03 Trajector 0.003~0.03 y y velocity velocity strat guidance strat guidan
Slide 16: Concept
Concept 16 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 17: To-days Operational Principle
To-days Operational Principle • Flight schedule currently used for “reference only” • Very good flight planning, A/C guidance and control • High number of unexpected, avoidable ATC organisation/procedure related interferences during flight preparation and conduct • Automatic cascading of problems to
Slide 18: Solution…
Solution… • Provide seamless operation from planning to destination gate • Use one method to describe and control the profile to the destination gate: the agreed 4D trajectory (2D +time on ground) • Any essential alteration there-off shall always result in: a new agreed 4D trajectory 18 22nd Digital
Slide 19: …Solution
…Solution • Conformance with agreed 4D trajectory takes priority over other sorting rules • Use transparent data exchange to provide common knowledge base – Air/air – Air/ground and – Ground/ground 19 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 20: 4D Trajectory
4D Trajectory • It is constructed by AOC and refined by cockpit considering the A/C, (ATM) constraints, cost, schedule, fuel and load • It is calculated from destination to origin or A/C position • It always requires a continuous 3D trajectory to destination • It is unique per A/C, reflecting all ag
Slide 21: Trajectory
Trajectory The TRAJECTORY is the best determinant for all parties 21 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 22: Trajectory Concept
Trajectory Concept • The trajectory will be monitored and maintained in cooperation • The last agreed trajectory is valid until renegotiated • The cockpit is committed to control this trajectory • Requires Transparent Communication 22 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Ind
Slide 23: Aircraft and ATM trajectory negotiation
Aircraft ATM (individual trajectory) (collective set) • Generate trajectory Aircraft • (own optimization criteria) ‘optimum’ Include in ‘all trajectories’ set • submit (broadcast) • fit to slots, CD&R, maximize flow, etc • determine shortfalls Constraints • generate and issue constraints to resolve
Slide 24: Data Exchange - 4D Trajectory
Data Exchange - 4D Trajectory Core Data Exchange is based on: Current state, 4D Trajectory, trajectory under negotiation, if applicable Traditional flight plan Trajectory actually flown Derived position, when reassembled Trajectory displayed, reported and flown Perishable current state: Lat/Long, Al
Slide 25: Uncontrolled Arrival Time (1st come, 1st served)
Uncontrolled Arrival Time (1st come, 1st served) rwy 25 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 26: Controlled Arrival Time (1st planned, 1st served)
Controlled Arrival Time (1st planned, 1st served) Controlled arrival time requires controlled T/O time, which will require controlled “off block” 26 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 27: Flight Trials: Runway-to-Runway Required Time of Arrival
Flight Trials: “Runway-to-Runway” Required Time of Arrival Evaluations for Time-Based ATM Environment Keith D. Wichman, Smiths Aerospace, Grand Rapids, Michigan Göran Carlsson, Scandinavian Airlines, Stockholm, Sweden Lars G.V. Lindberg, AVTECH, Åkersberga, Sweden Winner! Winner! Best in Session Bes
Slide 28: Routes Flown for Trials
Routes Flown for Trials • 33 RTA trial flights conducted by Luleå Smiths Aerospace with SAS. Malmö Ängelholm Luleå 23 flights 8 flights 2 flights • 17 different flight crews. • Swedish CAA provided “undisturbed” priority servicing. Stockholm • RTA Accuracy Results: RTA Target Max Mean STD Top-of-STA
Slide 29: Quality of 4D Trajectory Prediction
Quality of 4D Trajectory Prediction Depends on: • Actual aircraft performance • Quality of distance and dynamic weight • Knowledge of upcoming ATC restrictions • Quality of weather prediction • The way the aircraft is controlled 29 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indian
Slide 30: Composite physical runway capacity
Composite physical rwy capacity 45 sec landing, take-off minimum sequence time: (= 80 mvmt/hr) 30 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 31: Optimal System
Optimal System Interlaced T/O’s on a variety of SIDS Continuous descent on a variety of STARS 31 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 32: Transparent Communication
Transparent Communication • Defines the automatic data exchange, required to build and maintain a commonly agreed 4D trajectory • This data exchange shall be transparent for the operators • ADS-B is the best available link for this application 32 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 Octobe
Slide 33: RECOMMEND
RECOMMEND 33 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 34: Additional Concepts
Additional Concepts Please see the paper for additional comments on: • Runway Capacity • Approach Mechanization and Approach Path • Landing Slot Negotiation • Primary and Secondary Control Targets • Missed Approach Procedure / “Exit” Procedure • Brake-to-Exit and Runway Exit to Gate • Takeoff Slot N
Slide 35: Recommendations
Recommendations • Today it is possible to initiate SWIM & 4D Trajectory: – Incremental flight demonstrations (Arlanda Flow) – Large-scale live trials with development (C-ATM OPTIMAL) • Step 2, develop & evaluate set of incremental steps: – Integrate transparent communication of 4D Traj. – 4D datalin
Slide 36: Keith D. Wichman
Keith D. Wichman Smiths Aerospace 3290 Patterson Ave SE Grand Rapids, MI 49512-1991 keith.wichman@smiths-aerospace.com +1 616.241.8710 (voice) www.smiths-aerospace.com 36 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 37: Backup
Backup 37 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 38: Rwy capacity governs system capacity
Rwy capacity governs system capacity Rwy departure rate En route - - no governing physical Rwy arrival rate - physical limitation capacity constraint physical limitation 38 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 39: Collaborative Programs
Collaborative Programs • EC Framework 5 – AFAS (Aircaft in the Future ATM System) – Smiths-SAS RTA Flight Trials – INTENT • EC Framework 6 today – Nordic Flow – OPTIMAL (Optimized Procedures & Techniques for Improved Approach and Landing) – C-ATM (Collaborative Air Traffic Management) 39 22nd Digita
Slide 40: Landing - rwy occupancy time
Landing - rwy occupancy time ~45 sec rwy occupancy time To the gate 40 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
Slide 41: Take-off - rwy occupancy time
Take-off - rwy occupancy time ~45 sec rwy occupancy time From the gate 41 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference 12-16 October 2003 - Indianapolis, IN
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