Balchem Corporation · NASDAQ:BCPC
Balchem — Technical Presentation (2021)
55 slides from Balchem's technical presentation, 2021
Slide 1: Ethylene Oxide Hazard Awareness
ETHYLENE OXIDE HAZARD AWARENESS P R OVID E D BY
Slide 2: Educational use disclaimer
This presentation is not a substitute for in-depth training or for having in place proper training, policies, and procedures for the handling, storage, and use of Ethylene Oxide. You are solely responsible for your handling, storage, and use of Ethylene Oxide and this presentation, is intended only
Slide 3: Ethylene Oxide Manufacturing
ETHYLENE OXIDE MANUFACTURING
Slide 4: Ethylene reacted with oxygen and silver catalyst to create ethylene oxide
Ethylene is reacted with Oxygen and Silver Catalyst at High Heat and Pressure To Create Ethylene Oxide
Slide 5: Ethylene Oxide Manufacturing
Ethylene Oxide Manufacturing
Slide 6: Ethylene Oxide production in the United States
Ethylene Oxide Approximately 8 billion pounds of Ethylene Oxide are produced in the United States each year. Ethylene Oxide is one of the top 20 chemicals produced in the US each year. Sterilization accounts for less than 0.5% of Ethylene Oxide usage in the United States
Slide 7: Common Uses Of Ethylene Oxide
Common Uses Of Ethylene Oxide E T H YL E N E G LYC OL A N TI - P O LY E S T E R A N D FRE E ZE P O LY UR E TH A N E RESINS
Slide 8: Detergents and Shampoos
Detergents and Shampoos
Slide 9: Potato and Corn Starch Ethoxylation
Potato and Corn Starch Ethoxylation Ethoxylation is a chemical process used in industry to create surfactants, which are compounds that reduce the surface tension of liquids. The process of ethoxylation involves adding ethylene oxide to
Slide 10: Fumigation and Pasteurization of Spice
FUMIGATION AND PASTEURIZATIO NOF SPICE
Slide 11: Sterilization of Medical Devices
Sterilization of Medical Devices
Slide 12: History of Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
History of Ethylene Oxide Sterilization • Lloyd Augustus Hall, food scientist working for Griffith Laboratories, demonstrated that spices used as preservatives in food, such as ginger and cloves, actually exposed the foods to microbes instead of acting as a preservative. To correct that, he devised
Slide 13: Medical Device Sterilization Market Share
Medical Device Sterilization Market Share
Slide 14: Ethylene Oxide Properties
Ethylene Oxide Properties LIQUID GAS • BOILS AT 51 DEGREES • COLORLESS • COLORLESS • ODOR AT 250-700 PPM • FLAMMABLE NOT • EXPLOSIVE AT 2.6- EXPLOSIVE 100% • CAPABLE OF CAUSING • VAPOR DENSITY 1.5 SEVERE CHEMICAL TIMES THAT OF AIR BURNS
Slide 15: Ethylene Oxide Odor
Ethylene Oxide Odor • Ethylene Oxide has a characteristic ether like odor. It has a sweet and irritating solvent smell. • Ethylene Oxide can be detected by sense of smell somewhere around 250 - 700 PPM. • Ethylene Oxide will desensitize your sense of smell
Slide 16: Vapor Density
Vapor Density • Vapor density of Ethylene Oxide is 1.5 • Vapor density of Propane is 1.5 • Vapor density of Air is 1 • Vapors of Ethylene Oxide and Propane are heavier than air and can travel along the ground to areas away from spill or release. • If you smell Ethylene Oxide, leave the area immediat
Slide 17: Ethylene Oxide Flammability
Ethylene Oxide Flammability • EO is a highly flammable liquid that can form a vapor cloud as it changes from liquid to gas. • EO vapor will decompose explosively by an ignition source such as a spark or flame or when exposed to temperatures above 932° F. • Ethylene Oxide as a liquid is highly flamma
Slide 18: Explosive Limits & Boiling Points
Explosive Limits & Boiling Points Ethylene Oxide Vapor in Air 2.6 to 100% Few Chemicals exhibit a range this wide. For example: Gasoline ignites over a range of 1.4% to 7.6% Propane’s explosive limits are 2.4% to 9.5% Boiling point of EO is 51° F Boiling point of Gasoline is 140° F Boili
Slide 19: CBU-72/B Fuel Air Explosive
CBU-72/B Fuel Air Explosive 216 Pounds of Ethylene Oxide
Slide 20: Fuel Air Explosive
Fuel Air Explosive
Slide 21: gd00,
gd00,
Slide 22: Explosion destroys the structure
created by the speed of the reaction totally destroys the structure
Slide 23: The Importance of Procedure
THE IMPORTANCE OF PROCEDURE • PROCEDURES ARE AN EVOLUTION OF THE PROCESS • THEY ARE DESIGNED TO PROTECT THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF ALL EMPLOYEES • THEY ALSO PROTECT THE FACILITY AND THE PUBLIC • PROCEDURES MUST BE FOLLOWED • NOT FOLLOWING PROCEDURE CAN HAVE SEVERE CONSEQUENCES
Slide 24: Force of 50 lbs of EO exploding
The force of 50lbs of EO exploding sheared the hinges and propelled both chamber doors outward. The loading door came to rest approximately 15 feet away, after colliding with and damaging a steel column. The unloading door came to rest approximately 75 feet from the chamber after striking and fractu
Slide 25: Damage from flying chamber door
Damage from flying chamber door approximately 75 ft. from chamber
Slide 26: Control room damage and injuries
All the windows were blown out of the control room. Four employees were injured by flying glass . This facility was out of commission for nearly a full year following this incident
Slide 27: Worker Exposure
Worker Exposure OSHA Handlers of Ethylene Oxide should be familiar with OSHA standards contained in 29 CFR 1910.1047. This standard defines the personal inhalation exposure limits given below. OSHA ACTION LEVEL 0.5 PPM 8 hr. TWA PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT 1 PPM 8 hr. TWA 15 MINUTE EXCURSION LI
Slide 28: Health Hazards
Health Hazards • Seek medical attention if an individual has had a prolonged exposure to Ethylene Oxide vapors. EVEN IF SYMPTOMS HAVE NOT OCCURRED
Slide 29: NIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety
NIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety • NIOSH has quantified exposures to approximately 400 Toxic chemicals which could be “Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health” IDLH • The IDLH exposure value for Ethylene Oxide is 800 PPM • The official definition of IDLH is given in 30 CFR 11.3. Th
Slide 30: Parts Per Million
Parts Per Million • Permissible Exposure Limit 8 Hour TWA • 1 Part per Million • 15 Minute Excursion Limit • 5 Parts per Million • Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health • 800 Parts per Million • Lower explosion Limit 2.6% • 26,000 Parts per Million
Slide 31: Leaks and Spills
Leaks and Spills • Leave a leak or spill area immediately. • If a catastrophic or large release of EO occurs, do not enter the area. Evacuate the building and notify the fire department immediately. • Do not enter an area where there is a small leak until you have put on personal protective equipmen
Slide 32: SCBA Use
SCBA USE • Do not use any SCBA or Respirator unless it has been fitted to you, and you have received proper training and are current on its safe use.
Slide 33: Operators Must:
Operators Must: • Exclude Sparks and Flames in EO areas • Use Explosion Proof Electrical Equipment • Use Spark Proof Tools • Always wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment • All drums in use must be grounded. • Check all equipment, fittings, hoses, connectors and valves. • There is NO SMOKING
Slide 34: Acute Vapor Inhalation Exposure Symptoms
HEALTH HAZARDS Ethylene Oxide Vapors and Liquid Exposure • Acute Vapor Inhalation Exposure Symptoms • Headaches & Memory loss • Numbness & Weakness • Reduced sense of smell • Drowsiness & Disorientation • Nausea & vomiting • Limb Weakness
Slide 35: Liquid EO Exposure
Liquid EO Exposure • Skin & Lung irritation • Cataract Formation • Freezing, severe blistering • Skin and eye damage
Slide 36: Health Hazards of Ethylene Oxide
Health Hazards of Ethylene Oxide • Contact of EO with the eyes can result in serious Permanent Corneal damage. • Burns have occurred when concentrated vapors contacted the eyes. • Always wear eye protection when working with EO or any Hazardous Material.
Slide 37: First Aid for EO Exposure
First Aid for EO Exposure •Any exposure should be treated to reduce irritation and injury •Remove contaminated clothing immediately to reduce exposure time of the skin to the liquid and breathing of the vapors •Wash skin with water •SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION •Wash contaminated clothes to remove EO •DES
Slide 38: Eye Contact First Aid
Eye Contact First Aid • Eye contact with liquid Ethylene Oxide will always cause severe corneal burns, irrigate with copious amounts of water and seek medical attention ASAP. • NEVER WEAR CONTACT LENSES in areas where ETHYLENE OXIDE may be present.
Slide 39: Flush eyes with copious amounts of water
Eyes with Copious Amounts of Water. Making sure to lift eyelids and allow water to circulate over as much of the eye as possible.
Slide 40: Health Hazards Liquid Ethylene Oxide
Health Hazards Liquid Ethylene Oxide • Liquid Ethylene Oxide can cause skin burns when confined to the skin for a short time. EO can produce chemical burns under Watch Bands, Rings, Belts, Wallets and Leather Shoes. • Never reuse any leather products that have been exposed to liquid Ethylene Oxide.
Slide 41: Remove contaminated clothing under safety shower
Immediately Remove Contaminated Clothing While Under a Running Safety Shower
Slide 42: Consequences from Exposure
Consequences from Exposure
Slide 43: Incident at an EO manufacturing facility
The Following occurred at an EO manufacturing facility. •Area Alarm Sounded – indication of EO leak •EO leak coming out from under piping insulation as a small liquid stream •Employee placed gloved hand over leak to minimize the impact of the release •Employee washed hands thoroughly after incident
Slide 44: Consequences of glove exposure
Felt cold feeling on glove: thought it was outside of glove Felt a tingling sensation then went to go wash hands for about 15 minutes until sensation stopped Few hours later had the following consequence
Slide 45: Ethylene Oxide Drums
Ethylene Oxide Drums • Safe operation of valves and safety features of the drums
Slide 46: Ethylene Oxide Drum
400 Pound Ethylene Oxide Drum • ARC Specialty Products Designed in 1948 for shipping and storage of Ethylene Oxide. Redesigned by ARC Specialty Products for additional safety features. All drums are made to exacting DOT Specifications. EO containers are called drums because of low pressure contai
Slide 47: Liquid and Gas Valves
Liquid and Gas Valves CGA-510 LIQUID CGA-580 NITROGEN VALVE VALVE CGA 510 Left CGA 580 valve with 75 pound handed threaded pressure relief. valve This is a right handed threaded valve. Open valve slowly, only 1 to 2 turns is Open valve slowly, only 1 to 2 necessary for liquid turns is necessary
Slide 48: Valve Connections
Valve Connections • Never insert any tools or sharp objects into the valve ports. • Check all connectors and nipples. Make sure the connecting surfaces are clean and free of any damage. • Change connectors and nipples on a regular PM schedule or if damaged or worn. • A good connection should be achi
Slide 49: Connecting Drums
Connecting Drums • Prior to opening the valves it is recommended that a leak test be completed using nitrogen pressure. • Once the line has been pressurized to the valve, a leak check can be done using a soap and water solution. It is recommended that leak tests start with nitrogen, then the valves
Slide 50: Disconnecting Drums
Disconnecting Drums • The liquid valve connection must have a nitrogen source to purge the line free of liquid ethylene oxide before disconnecting. • When disconnecting from the valves, purge all liquid lines with nitrogen to remove any Ethylene Oxide from the line. Once clear, close the liquid valv
Slide 51: Safety Plugs
Safety Plugs Each valve is equipped with a safety plug. Replace plugs prior to returning empty drums. The plug must be tool tight not finger Tightening the tight. Safety Plug Using Spark Proof Allen Wrench
Slide 52: Fuse Plugs
Fuse Plugs • The fuse plugs are designed to melt between 157 and 165 degrees F. • The fuse plugs are there to vent pressure of the cylinders when exposed to high heat or fires. • Venting the pressure eliminates the potential for an explosion.
Slide 53: Shipping Drums Containing Residue
SHIPPING DRUMS CONTAINING RESIDUE Valves must be closed Shipping Plugs (valve plugs) must be installed and snug Bill of Lading must be signed by Shipper with a DOT 126F certification Drums should be verified as safe for transport as per DOT regulations
Slide 54: Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet • The most current version of the Ethylene Oxide Safety Data Sheet can be found at ARCSpecialtyProducts.com • Click on Ethylene Oxide scroll to the bottom of the page and click: Safety Data Sheet
Slide 55: In Conclusion
In Conclusion Please read the Ethylene Oxide Safety Data Sheet that is on file at your facility. Review the OSHA Ethylene Oxide Standard; 29CFR 1910.1047 for complete compliance information. Always follow all procedures. Contact Arc Specialty Products with any questions or problems. Call Chemtr