Slide 1: Hard rock lithium deposits: A global perspective
Hard rock lithium deposits: A global perspective Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province and Lithium Ionic's Bandeira project Antonio PEDROSA Soares and Lithium Ionic’s Exploration Team March 4, 2025 TSX.V: LTH | OTCQX: LTHCF | FSE: H3N Location | 1
Slide 2: Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province (EBPP)
Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province (EBPP) Pegmatite clusters are found along a 150,000 km2 large region in Southeastern Brazil near the Atlantic coast, served by highways, airports and ports. EBPP is an outcome of the Araçuaí Orogen developed from Early Ediacaran to Late Cambrian. EBPP | 2 Source:
Slide 3: Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province
Eastern Brazilian Pegmatite Province 12 pegmatite districts, only 4 are LCT, but only one is rich in spodumene: The Araçuaí District! G5: A-type biotite granites produced NYF (Niobium- Yttrium-Fluorine ± REE) pegmatites G4 and G2: S-type two-mica leucogranites produced LCT (Lithium-Cesium-Tantalum)
Slide 4: The Araçuaí Pegmatite District
The Araçuaí Pegmatite District > 90% lithium ore produced in Brazil since the 1960s Spodumene pegmatites are post-tectonic, unzoned (with disseminated Spd) to complex zoned bodies, hosted by mica schists and metarenites; show sharp intrusive contacts with the host rocks; and are located at ca. 1 to
Slide 5: The Araçuaí Pegmatite District
The Araçuaí Pegmatite District Spd-rich deposits (SRD) are hosted by rocks within the cordierite zone of the low-P / high-T (LP/HT) regional and/or contact metamorphism. Crd-Bt schist, Salinas Fm P-T window for SRD crystallization: Lithium Ionic 3.8 - 2.5 kb at 550 - 450 C And-Crd-Bt schist CBL | 5
Slide 6: CBL-Cachoeira underground mine producing Spd since 1993
Map adapted from Romeiro (1998) CBL-Cachoeira underground mine producing Spd since 1993 Fractal example of staggered (en echelon) pattern SRP swarm with 3D staggered (en echelon) and branched pattern. 2022 High-grade Spd ore (Photos by Geol. David Claret, 2022) | Sigma 6
Slide 7: Xuxa Pegmatite, a single large SRP
Xuxa Pegmatite, a single large SRP: 1700 m long x 15 m thick x >300 m downdip ~15 m 15m Crd-Bt Xuxa SRP Xuxa SRP schist Producing Spd from open pit mine since 2023. Valle (2018) Xuxa’s high Spd grade Spd ore Bandeira Delboni Jr., 2023, SGS / SIGMA NI 43-101 Valle (2018) | 7
Slide 8: The Flagship Bandeira Deposit
Since 1993 Cachoeira Mine The Flagship Bandeira Deposit 42 million tons of high grade spodumene ore disclosed in two years of exploration! Bandeira Drilling Site Bandeira geology | 8
Slide 9: Bandeira Deposit in the best regional scenario for large Spd deposits
Bandeira Deposit in the best regional scenario for large Spd deposits ✓ Low-P/High-T metamorphism at cordierite zone (ideal P-T window for SRP crystallization) 2km wide Bandeira-Cachoeira SRP dike swarm ✓ Li-anomalous G4 intrusions exposing cupolas with muscovite-albite and pegmatoid leucogranites B
Slide 10: Bandeira Deposit: A pegmatite swarm with >14 SRP dikes
Bandeira Deposit: A pegmatite swarm with > 14 SRP dikes EXPLORATION DATA 550 soil samples 44 trenches: 3100 m 1 297 DDH: 60,000 m 10,200 analyzed core samples OREBODY DIMENSIONS 1 Thickness range: 4 m to 9 m Strike length up to 1 1,000 m Downdip width up to 800 m Orebody 1 10 Figure source: Pedrosa
Slide 11: Bandeira Deposit: An example Orebody
Bandeira Deposit: An example Orebody 1 Spodumene Resources: Total: ~10 Mt @ 1.4% Li2O Macroscopic features 11
Slide 12: Macroscopic features of Bandeira's spodumene ore
Macroscopic features of Bandeira’s spodumene ore ✓ Coarse-grained (up to 50 cm) greenish spodumene (hiddenite) laths largely disseminated in unzoned SRP dikes. ✓ Bandeira’s orebodies are free of quartz cores, and very poor in secondary units and miarolitic cavities. ✓ Thin and discontinuous spodumen
Slide 13: Microscopic features of Bandeira's Spd ore
Microscopic features of Bandeira’s Spd ore 115 polished thin sections from 9 core Spd Spd intercepts cutting distinct SRP bodies Spodumene features: ❑ Idiomorphic crystals ❑ Sharp contacts with matrix ❑ Poor to free of alteration ❑ Dominant clean surfaces ❑ Poor in inclusions and Squi ❑ Rare catacla
Slide 14: Bandeira Deposit – 3D Resources Model
Bandeira Deposit – 3D Resources Model Claim limit NW SE A dense swarm Claim limit of SRP dikes concordant to S1 schistosity, with some discordant but thicker SRP dikes emplaced Spodumene Resources along the S2 (MRE update, April 2024) spaced Total: 42 Mt cleavage or M & I: 23.7 Mt with 1.34% Li2O In
Slide 15: Towards 1 billion tons of lithium ore in the Brazilian Lithium Valley?
Towards 1 billion tons of lithium ore in the Brazilian Lithium Valley? Currently, Li resources can be realistically estimated to be around 500,000 million tons, including Spd and Ptl, in the whole Brazil Lithium Valley. The End 15
Slide 16: Thanks, Obrigado, Merci
Hard rock lithium deposits: A global perspective Spodumene bridging socioeconomic development and the Brazilian Lithium Valley! TSX.V: LTH | OTCQX: LTHCF | FSE: H3N www.lithiumionic.com Thanks, Obrigado, Merci acpedrosa@lithiumionic.com March 4, 2025 | 16