Balchem Corporation · NASDAQ:BCPC
Balchem — McFadden March Webinar (November 2024)
41 slides from Balchem's conference presentation, November 2024
Slide 1: Mitigation of enteric methane emissions: How can we speed up progress?
Mitigation of enteric methane emissions: How can we speed up progress? J. W. McFadden Associate Professor of Dairy Cattle Biology; Northeast Agribusiness and Feed Alliance Faculty Fellow Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability Faculty Fellow; Department of Animal Science McFadden@Cornell.edu; @Ru
Slide 2: Climate change and animal ag
Climate change and animal ag Ø Although our climate has not been stagnant “…it is virtually certain that irreversible, committed change is already underway…” – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2021 Ø Enhancing the adaptability and resiliency of animal agriculture has and will continue to be
Slide 3: Global livestock supply chain emissions by source
Global livestock supply chain emissions by source FAO, 2022 (GLEAM 2.0)
Slide 4: Energy and Environment media headlines
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Cows are not the new coal — here’s why THE HILL IDEAS + CLIMATE CHANGE Cow Burps Have a Big Climate Impact. Solving That is Harder than You'd Think — TIME CornellCAL$ sate Sacre
Slide 5: Special thanks
Special thanks Alexander Hristov, Penn State Jan Dijkstra, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Ermias Kebreab, UC Davis Karen Beauchemin, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Mutian Niu, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Tim McAllister, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Richard Eckard, University of Melbourne,
Slide 6: Hegarty et al. (2021)
Efficacy cy —_No.ot Snimal naaene reduction academic. Conidence | Nm aety tak co-benefits applicability* needs potential papers? gs 3-Nitrooxyproponal None ‘None known known, Jam TWA systems immediately. Graang systems in future Improved teed etfiiency TMA systems immediately Graang Validation in ar
Slide 7: Forage type influences methane emissions
Forage type influences methane emissions Hassanat et al. (2013); Hatew et al. (2016)
Slide 8: Percent methane mitigation influenced by basal diet
Percent methane mitigation influenced by basal diet A B Ø No MY, fat, or protein response when comparing 0 vs 60 mg 3NOP/kg DM van Gastelen et al. (2022)
Slide 9: Nutrient digestibility of forages deserves consideration
Nutrient digestibility of forages deserves consideration Control TMR A B 10% Barley sprouts 10% Wheat sprouts C * 1.86 1.85 140 124 125 123 1.84 TRT, 120 P < 0.01 1.82 100 1.8 1.78 80 1.76 1.75 60 1.74 1.73 40 1.72 1.7 20 1.68 0 1.66 Energy-corrected milk yield, lb/d Efficiency, lb MY/lb DMI McFadde
Slide 10: Understanding the energetics of methane and milk production is a priority
Gross energy (GE) [Total energy in feed] Understanding the energetics of methane and milk Fecal energy (FE) production is a priority Digestible energy (DE) Urinary energy and methane energy Metabolizable energy (ME) Heat increment Net energy (NE) NEM NEL NEG Johnson and Johnson, 1995
Slide 11: Interactions between energy balance and methane reduction needs clarity
Interactions between energy balance and methane reduction needs clarity Melgar et al. (2020)
Slide 12: Duration of efficacy can be short-lived
Duration of efficacy can be short-lived; influenced by production system and mode of delivery A B Muetzel et al. (2019); Hegarty et al. (2021)
Slide 13: Percent CH4 reduction is unlikely to be constant
Percent CH4 reduction is unlikely to be constant A B Low starch High starch Con vs 3NOP Melgar et al. (2020a; 2021); Schilde et al. (2021)
Slide 14: Meta-analyses provide confidence; can examine interactions
Meta-analyses provide confidence; can examine interactions A B Kebreab et al. (2023)
Slide 15: Manure GHG emissions are likely impacted by feed additives
Manure GHG emissions are likely impacted by feed additives A C B Weber et al. (2021)
Slide 16: Co-supplementation (or replacement) strategies needed
Co-supplementation (or replacement) strategies needed A B Gruninger et al. (2022); 3NOP at 200 mg/kg DM; canola at 50 g/kg DM
Slide 17: Co-supplementation (or replacement) strategies needed
Co-supplementation (or replacement) strategies needed A B Vyas et al. (2018); Williams et al. (2019)
Slide 18: Early life interventions to inhibit methanogenesis are poorly defined
Early life interventions to inhibit methanogenesis are poorly defined Control No change in BW, ADG, VFA 3NOP Meale et al. (2021); 9 calves/treatment; Con vs 3NOP birth to 3 wk post-weaning.
Slide 19: Mode of action cannot be a mystery
Mode of action cannot be a mystery Essential oils (Agolin Ruminant; GRAS) Ø Blend of essential oils: coriander seed oil, eugenol, geranyl acetate, and geraniol Ø Increases ECM and feed efficiency § Milk and ECM response depends on duration of feeding (5 to 8 wk min); but, consistent and convincing 2
Slide 20: Processed form of additive may impact efficacy
Processed form of additive may impact efficacy Cashew nut shell liquid: heated vs cold-pressed? Branco et al. (2015)
Slide 21: In vitro testing has limited utility
In vitro testing has limited utility Ø Garlic (allicin) and flavonoid-containing citrus extract (Mootral) § Proposed mode of action: Reduces methanogenic archaea populations § Efficacy superior in vitro and more specific for garlic § Efficacy in vivo uncertain; potentially 5 to 30% Ø Oregano and gre
Slide 22: Seaweed is a potent methane inhibitor
Seaweed is a potent methane inhibitor Ø Methanogenesis inhibition proven for red macroalgae (e.g., Asparagopsis armata) A B Roque et al. (2019)
Slide 23: Impact on animal health undefined; stability potential issue
Impact on animal health undefined; stability potential issue A B C Stefenoni et al. (2020); Muizelaar et al. (2021); McFadden (2022)
Slide 24: Nutrient composition of meat and milk can't be ignored
Nutrient composition of meat and milk can’t be ignored Newton et al. (2021)
Slide 25: Additive manufacturing has an environmental impact
Additive manufacturing has an environmental impact A B Nilsson and Martin (2022)
Slide 26: We can benefit from method standards
We can benefit from method standards A B Hristov et al. (2015); Gardiner et al. (2015); Gerrits et al. (2018)
Slide 27: Detecting a 5% reduction in CH4 requires high cow numbers
Detecting a 5% reduction in CH4 requires high cow numbers Observing significant methane reduction with ionophores not a given Appuhamy et al. (2013)
Slide 28: Survey of cattle producers and managers
Survey of cattle producers and managers Ø Identified greenhouse gas reduction as a low priority but as increasing concern over the next 10 years. Ø Expected methane inhibitors to deliver an increase in animal performance and feed efficiency. Ø Need additional information to support decisions on feed
Slide 29: Survey of feed additive developers
Survey of feed additive developers Ø Targeting livestock in the developed rather than developing world. Ø Data suggests pulsed intake of supplements won’t work for developing world. Ø Manufacturers are poorly informed regarding additives with highest efficacy. Ø Low number of additives identified wi
Slide 30: Efficiency is not equal in all countries
Efficiency is not equal in all countries Enteric GHG emissions intensities (kg of CO2e kg-1 milk): USA Holstein cow: 0.25 India Crossbred cow: 1.21 Buffalo: 1.85 Goat: 2.54 Indigenous cow: 2.96 Capper et al. (2008); Patra (2017); Tricarico et al. (2020)
Slide 31: 300+ million cattle and buffaloes in India
300+ million cattle and buffaloes in India Hegde (2019)
Slide 32: Regional total emissions and their profile by commodity
Regional total emissions and their profile by commodity FAO, 2022 (GLEAM 2.0)
Slide 33: India has high methane emissions
India has high methane emissions Janssens-Maenhout et al. (2019)
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Slide 36: Cornell CALS
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Slide 37: Finding the ways that work
EDFZ, MN DEFENSE NTA Finding the ways that work CornellCALS satie Sciences
Slide 38: Cornell LIFE
Cornell LIFE Livestock Past 2 years: Innovations for Ø $2+ million from NYS, NY Ag and Markets, Cargill, and Balchem Corporation to build Food Security and infrastructure for feed additive testing Environmental Health Ø 4 respiration chambers for complete enteric and manure gas exchange Ø 3+ GreenFe
Slide 39: No one person can solve this challenge
No one person can solve this challenge Ø Lab manager: Dr. Nirosh Seneviratne Ø Admin coordinator: Lindsay Sprague Ø Postdocs: Patrick Zang, Pinar Uzun, Ananda Fontoura Ø Grad students: Becca Culbertson, Awais Javaid, Miranda Farricker, Fabian Oviedo, Tanya France, Charlie You, Olivia Wen, Andrew Ric
Slide 40: Transparency is key
Transparency is key Ø National Science Foundation Integrative Organismal Systems (2022) Ø Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research Foundation Seeding Solutions (2019) Ø USDA NIFA AFRI Foundational Program (2013, 2016, 2019, 2021) Ø Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research Foundation Graduate
Slide 41: Questions?
Mitigation of enteric methane emissions: How can we speed up progress? J. W. McFadden1, P. K. Rosenstein2, and A. N. Davis3 1 Associate Professor of Dairy Cattle Biology; Northeast Agribusiness and Feed Alliance Faculty Fellow Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability Faculty Fellow; Department of