SES SA FDR (Class A) · EURONEXT:SESG
SES SA FDR (Class A) — SES — Investor Day (2006)
30 slides from SES SA FDR (Class A)'s investor day presentation, 2006
Slide 1: Satellite technology
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Slide 2: Overview
Overview • What is a satellite? • The key elements of orbital position • Satellite manufacturers and design • The components of a satellite: payload and bus • Digital versus analogue • How do we control a satellite? • The life of a satellite • The way to geostationary orbit • Your questions 2
Slide 3: What is a satellite?
What is a satellite? “Natural or artificial object that revolves around a larger astronomical object, usually a planet. –The Moon is the most obvious example.” Space Station Moon Hubble 3
Slide 4: What are artificial satellites used for?
What are artificial satellites used for? • Telecommunications • Weather forecasting • Scientific missions • Earth Observation • Military purposes 4
Slide 5: How do satellites “fly”?
How do satellites “fly”? The higher the release speed the further the ball will fly … … with sufficient speed, the ball will continue to orbit around the Earth, with no need for additional propellant! 5
Slide 6: What are the possible orbits?
What are the possible orbits? • A satellite always moves in a fixed plane, the “orbital plane”. • The orbital plane always passes through the center of the Earth The speed and the orbital period of a satellite vary according to their distance from the Earth’s surface: Space Station: altitude ~350 km
Slide 7: Why is geostationary orbit so attractive?
Why is geostationary orbit so attractive? The geostationary orbital period of the satellite is equal to the Earth’s rotation period, so your TV dish at home can be fixed! 7
Slide 8: How are the orbital positions defined?
How are the orbital positions defined? ASTRA at orbital position 19.2° East Greenwich We 1 9. 2 °E u d es st l on n git g s t lo itud E a es 8
Slide 9: Access to orbital positions and frequencies
Access to orbital positions and frequencies • Frequency allocations are agreed at the ITU – a United Nations agency – periodic meetings of the World Radio Council agree amendments to the allocations • Frequencies are classified in a number of ways – “Planned” • FSS • BSS – “Unplanned” • FSS 9
Slide 10: Frequency allocation
Frequency allocation • Planned – Frequencies allocated to given countries – At specific orbital positions – co-ordinated • Unplanned – Available on “first-come, first-served” basis – must be co-ordinated • Application for use must be made through state agency (e.g. FCC, UKRA, Luxembourg Govt.) – Pos
Slide 11: Security of access
Security of access • After being brought into use, an operator has a high degree of security – automatic renewal after first 15 year period, under ITU rules • Interruption of existing business is considered unlikely 11
Slide 12: Cost of access
Cost of access • Cost of access varies according to jurisdiction – annual management fee (US, Gibraltar) – franchise fee (Luxembourg) • related to profitability • Typically relatively modest 12
Slide 13: How to maintain the orbital position?
How to maintain the orbital position? Periodic stationkeeping manoeuvres are needed … … because natural forces are continuously perturbing the satellite position The Sun and Moon affect the orbit The earth’s equator is not a perfect circle! 13
Slide 14: What is Satellite Co-location?
What is Satellite Co-location? Co-location allows ASTRA to maintain 150 Km several satellites in the same “box” 0.1° 19.2° 0.1° 150 Km It is interesting because … Î only one dish is needed to receive TV channels from all satellites Î backup capacity is directly available Î it allows an efficient uti
Slide 15: How to perform station-keeping manœuvres?
How to perform station-keeping manœuvres? Î Thrusters “push” the satellite according to commands sent from the control center The Propulsion Î Enough propellant for ~15 years Subsystem 15
Slide 16: Who manufactures the SES satellites?
Who manufactures the SES satellites? It’s not SES! SES closely follows the design and manufacturing! 16
Slide 17: What does a communication satellite look like? (1/2)
What does a communication satellite look like? (1/2) 2 basic designs Spinner satellite 3-axis satellite Î Simple Î More channels Î Light Î More power Î Inexpensive Î Longer lifetime Î Quick to build Î More coverage 17
Slide 18: What does a communication satellite look like? (2/2)
What does a communication satellite look like? (2/2) 7m 26 m 2.8 m 2.2 m 750 kg (in orbit) 18 2300 kg (in orbit)
Slide 19: Payload and Bus
Payload and Bus The Payload … Î is the reason why the satellite is there, and how we make money! Î includes the components to achieve the core satellite objective The Bus … Î includes all the functions needed to support the payload: 1. Attitude control 2. Orbit control 3. Power management 4. Thermal
Slide 20: Payload (1/2)
Payload (1/2) The Payload … Î performs reception, amplification and retransmission of a signal from the ground TWTA RECEIVER TWTA TWTA TWTA D/C TWTA TWTA 20
Slide 21: Payload (2/2)
Payload (2/2) Î The Amplifiers have a high degree of flexibility and redundancy Î The shape and pointing of the Antenna define the “footprint” 21
Slide 22: Digital vs Analogue
Digital vs Analogue The Payload can carry analogue or digital transmission … Digital transmission offers more capacity per transponder by means of compression 01110011011 Analogue to Digital 10010101010 11100110101 110 Conversion 10001010... 10... 100 10010101010 00... 01110011011 11100110101 100010
Slide 23: Keeping the right attitude …
Keeping the right attitude … The Attitude Control Î Ensures continuous spacecraft pointing accuracy Î Is very sensitive: 1 degree depointing = 600 km of footprint change! Î Is autonomous 23
Slide 24: Providing the electricity …
Providing the electricity … Electrical Power is … Î needed to amplify and transmit the signals down to Earth Î provided by “wings” continuously tracking the sun and covered with solar cells … Î … or by batteries during the eclipses (March/September) 24
Slide 25: Controlling the temperatures …
Controlling the temperatures … The Thermal Subsystem Î keeps all the equipment within qualification limits Î fights the huge temperature gradient Î is made of active (heaters) and passive (blankets/radiators) devices 25
Slide 26: The life of a satellite
The life of a satellite Definition Definitionof of requirements Evaluation Evaluation Negotiation Negotiation requirements End of life 5 ~3 months Commercial Commerciallife lifeof ofsatellite satellite Years 10 15 20 Manufacturing (~2.5 years) LEOP & IOT (~2months) S/C S/CHand-over Hand-overto toSES
Slide 27: The way to geostationary orbit (1/2)
The way to geostationary orbit (1/2) The launcher … Î must be powerful … Î because the heavier the satellite can be… Î more payload and fuel can be loaded! 27
Slide 28: The way to geostationary orbit (2/2)
The way to geostationary orbit (2/2) The launcher will just do a part of the job … 28
Slide 29: What happens after a nominal “end of life”?
What happens after a nominal “end of life”? Î After ~15 years the satellite approaches end of propellant Î Station-keeping control is not possible anymore Î The remaining fuel is used to push the satellite into a “graveyard” orbit, before complete switch off Î Graveyard orbit is ~ 300 km ABOVE geost
Slide 30: Thank you for your attention!
Thank you for your attention! Do you have any questions? 30