Slide 1: Considerations for Generator Set Selection
Considerations for Generator Set Selection PowerHour webinar series for consulting engineers Experts you trust. Excellence you count on. July 29, 2021 2:00 Eastern Time / 11:00 Pacific Time (1 PDH issued by Cummins Inc.)
Slide 2: Welcome!
Welcome! Cummins PowerHour webinar series is designed to help our engineer partners to… ▪ Keep up to date on products, technology, and codes and standards development ▪ Interact with Cummins experts and gain access to ongoing technical support ▪ Participate at your convenience, live or on-demand ▪ E
Slide 3: Asking a Question and Interactions
Asking a Question and Interactions: Q&A Button: • For technical questions on today’s topic • Ask at anytime Chat Button: • For engaging the presenter if an open question is asked! 3
Slide 4: Meet your panelists
Meet your panelists Cummins Instructor & Panelists: Cummins facilitator: Mark Taylor Bob Kelly Dennis Tarr Michael Sanford Technical Marketing Advisor Senior Sales Application Engineer Senior Sales Application Engineer Product Strategy and Sales Enablement Cummins Inc. Cummins Inc. Cummins Inc. Lead
Slide 5: Disclaimer
Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this course shall not be considered the official position of any regulatory organization and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation. Participants are encouraged to refer to the entire text of all referenced documen
Slide 6: Course Objectives
Course Objectives Considerations for Generator Set Selection Sizing and selecting the right-sized generator set for a customer’s loads can be a challenging endeavor; we’re here to help! While most sizing exercises are best done with sizing programs or with the help of a manufacturer’s representative
Slide 7: Setting the Stage
Setting the Stage Communication is Important! Product Selection Customer and Capabilities Requirements 7
Slide 8: Setting the Stage
Setting the Stage Communication is Important! Product Selection Product Data and Specification Customer and Capabilities Submittal Details Language Requirements 8
Slide 9: Concept Check
Concept Check What are some of the earliest decision points when approaching a new system design, even before reaching for your trusty sample spec? 9
Slide 10: Key Early Decisions: Generator Set Ratings
Key Early Decisions Generator Set Ratings Emergency Prime Continuous Data ISO 8528-1 Limited Standby Rated Operating Centre Rating Time Prime Power Power Power Power Variable Load Profile Variable Variable Constant Constant OR Constant Max Annual Run 200 Unlimited 500 Unlimited Unlimited Hours 10
Slide 11: Key Early Decisions: Generator Set Ratings
Key Early Decisions Generator Set Ratings Emergency Prime Continuous Data ISO 8528-1 Limited Standby Rated Operating Centre Rating Time Prime Power Power Power Power Variable Load Profile Variable Variable Constant Constant OR Constant Max Annual Run 200 Unlimited 500 Unlimited Unlimited Hours Spec
Slide 12: Key Early Decisions: Indoor or Outdoor Install Considerations
Key Early Decisions Indoor or Outdoor Install Considerations Related Content Generator Set Installation Guidance T-030 Application Manual Sound Attenuation Strategies PowerHour 12
Slide 13: Key Early Decisions: Choosing a Fuel Type
Key Early Decisions Choosing a Fuel Type Diesel Gaseous Small Footprint ✓ ✓ Transient Capability ✓ ✓ Rapid Start Time ✓ ✓ Easiest Fuel Maintenance ✓ Lower Initial Cost ✓ (more parity at low range) * Broad generalizations here! Of course, there are exceptions. 13
Slide 14: Choosing a Fuel Type – Fuel Storage Requirements
Key Early Decisions Choosing a Fuel Type – Fuel Storage Requirements NFPA 70 – Diesel Gaseous (utility & Gaseous (utility NEC Article: on-site fuel source) source only) 708 “COPS” ✓ ✓ X** 700 “Life Safety” ✓ ✓ ✓* 701 “Legally Req’d” ✓ ✓ ✓ 702 “Optional” ✓ ✓ ✓ * Follow exemption process w/ AHJ per NF
Slide 15: Key Early Decisions: Emissions
Key Early Decisions Emissions US EPA New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Fuel Type • Compression Ignition (Diesel) and Spark-Ignited (Gaseous) Usage • Stationary Emergency – operation when utility power is not available • Stationary Non-Emergency – operation when utility power is available • Non
Slide 16: Concept Check
Concept Check Your customer wants your quick gut-check to the size of generator needed for about 350 kWe of loads for their standby application. What size generator set would you suggest as a starting point? (assume “standard” ambient temperature and low altitude) A) 300 kWe B) 400 kWe C) 500 kWe D)
Slide 17: General Sizing to Overall Load
General Sizing to Overall Load Considering “Average Duty Factor” ISO 8528-1: The permissible average power output, over 24 h of operation shall not exceed 70% of the Emergency Standby Power rating unless otherwise agreed by the manufacturer. Spec Note Power Rating: Standby <or applicable rating, but
Slide 18: Potential Impact of Altitude and Temperature
General Sizing to Overall Load Potential Impact of Altitude and Temperature Cooling System • May see diminished cooling at Alternator higher altitudes or temperatures • Needs to cool effectively • Higher voltages may run risk of corona discharge Engine • Air + Fuel = Power • Less air may result in d
Slide 19: Potential Impact of Altitude and Temperature
General Sizing to Overall Load Potential Impact of Altitude and Temperature Cooling System • May see diminished cooling at Alternator higher altitudes or temperatures • Needs to cool effectively • Higher voltages may run risk of corona discharge Engine • Air + Fuel = Power • Less air may result in d
Slide 20: Concept Check
Concept Check Your customer wants your quick gut-check to the size of generator needed for about 350 kWe of loads for their standby application. What size generator set would you suggest as a starting point? (assume “standard” ambient temperature and low altitude) A) 300 kWe B) 400 kWe C) 500 kWe D)
Slide 21: Concept Check
Concept Check Your customer wants your quick gut-check to the size of generator needed for about 350 kWe of loads for their standby application. What size generator set would you suggest as a starting point? (assume “standard” ambient temperature and low altitude) A) 300 kWe B) 400 kWe C) 500 kWe No
Slide 22: Understanding Individual Loads: Importance of Power Factor
Understanding Individual Loads Importance of Power Factor Capacitive Loads Inductive Loads • Charge/release energy • Resists change to kW(Active Power) • Current leads voltage current • E.g. Power factor • Current lags voltage correction (Capacitor) • E.g. Motors banks ɸ kVAR (reactive power) 22
Slide 23: Understanding Individual Loads: Importance of Power Factor
Understanding Individual Loads Importance of Power Factor Capacitive Loads Inductive Loads • Charge/release energy • Resists change to • Current leads voltage current • E.g. Power factor • Current lags voltage kW(Active Power) correction (Capacitor) • E.g. Motors banks ɸ kVAR (reactive power) Recomm
Slide 24: Walkthrough of a Transient Response
Understanding Individual Loads Walkthrough of a Transient Response Transient Performance Example Alternator must support kVAR 100% Step Load, 1.0 PF Can be evidenced by voltage response 550 65 500 Engine must support kW 60 450 Can be evidence by frequency (i.e. engine Frequency, Hz speed) Voltage, V
Slide 25: Example of Un-Aided Motor Load Response
Understanding Individual Loads Example of Un-Aided Motor Load Response Current Initial Motor Starting Power Factor PERCENT TORQUE, POWER, CURRENT • High current 1.0 POWER FACTOR (LAGGING) • Low Power Factor • High VAR • Ensure Motor Torque > Load Torque Power Motor Torque Available 0.2 Torque Demand
Slide 26: Specify Motor Starting Performance for the Alternator
Understanding Individual Loads Specify Motor Starting Performance for the Alternator Specify Maximum Allowable Voltage Dip to Meet Your Load Profile’s Needs Spec Note The alternator shall accept the largest load step with a maximum voltage dip of XX percent based on the transient reactance of the al
Slide 27: Example of Un-Aided Motor Load Response
Understanding Individual Loads Example of Un-Aided Motor Load Response Current Initial Motor Starting Power Factor PERCENT TORQUE, POWER, CURRENT • High current 1.0 POWER FACTOR (LAGGING) • Low Power Factor • High VAR • Ensure Motor Torque > Load Torque Power Motor Torque @ reduced voltage Motor Tor
Slide 28: Specify Motor Starting Performance for the Generator Set
Understanding Individual Loads Specify Motor Starting Performance for the Generator Set Specify Confidence in the Complete Generator Set System, Not Just the Alternator: Spec Note The generator set shall be capable of accepting a block load equal to the specified kW at 0.8 power factor at rated site
Slide 29: Concept Check
Concept Check Which would you rather see in a specification? “The alternator shall accept the <insert here> with a maximum voltage dip of XX percent based on the transient reactance of the alternator proposed.” A) full generator set nameplate B) full alternator nameplate C) the largest load step for
Slide 30: Concept Check
Concept Check Which would you rather see in a specification? “The alternator shall accept the <insert here> with a maximum voltage dip of XX percent based on the transient reactance of the alternator proposed.” A) full generator set nameplate B) full alternator nameplate C) the largest load step for
Slide 31: Motor Starting Sequencing and Cumulative Loads
Optimizing Load Profiles & Strategies Motor Starting Sequencing and Cumulative Loads Scenario 1 Load Running Starting Cumulative Step kW 500 489 kW kW Step 1 Base Load 100 100 0 + 100 = 100 400 343 343 Step 2 300 HP Motor 243 389 100 + 389 = 489 300 kW 343 489 200 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 S
Slide 32: Motor Starting Sequencing and Cumulative Loads
Optimizing Load Profiles & Strategies Motor Starting Sequencing and Cumulative Loads Scenario 1 Load Running Starting Cumulative Step kW 500 489 kW kW Step 1 Base Load 100 100 0 + 100 = 100 400 389 343 343 343 Step 2 300 HP Motor 243 389 100 + 389 = 489 300 kW 343 489 243 243 200 Scenario 2 Load Run
Slide 33: NEC's Requirements Impact on Sizing
Optimizing Load Profiles & Strategies NEC’s Requirements Impact on Sizing NFPA 70 – Quick Definition Examples Capacity NEC Article: Facilities and loads Police Stations, Fire Rated for all loads to be 708 “COPs” essential to national Stations, Emergency operated security, public health, etc. Call Ce
Slide 34: NEC's Requirements Impact on Sizing
Optimizing Load Profiles & Strategies NEC’s Requirements Impact on Sizing NFPA 70 – Quick Definition Examples Capacity NEC Article: Facilities and loads Police Stations, Fire Rated for all loads to be 708 “COPs” essential to national Stations, Emergency operated security, public health, etc. Call Ce
Slide 35: Motor Starting Sequencing and Cumulative Loads
Optimizing Load Profiles & Strategies Motor Starting Sequencing and Cumulative Loads • Watchout! A cyclical motor should be assumed 500 489 489 to start on top of the base load. • Provide a complete load schedule, both 400 389 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 343 confirmed and potential, in order to conf
Slide 36: Quick Tips
Optimizing Load Profiles & Strategies Quick Tips Transient Performance Example Max. Allowable Project Voltage Dip: Voltage Frequency • 25-35% is a reasonable starting point 550 65 • 25% may be more appropriate for VFD powered loads. 500 60 • 15% for fire pump (GenSize will automatically default 450
Slide 37: Quick Tips: Reverse Loading Watch-outs
Optimizing Load Profiles & Strategies Quick Tips Reverse Loading Watch-outs • The generator set has very limited capability to absorb reverse kW ~ 10% engine rating max • Consider load banks for accommodating these loads No good results? • Check high-level “Project Parameters” – Did you over-constra
Slide 38: Rely on Your Available Support Structure!
Optimizing Load Profiles & Strategies Rely on Your Available Support Structure! Sizing can feel like an art as much as a science… let our experienced Engineers help you out! • Save and share your sizing efforts with Cummins GenSize • Reach out to your favorite local Cummins Application Engineer for
Slide 39: Course Summary
Course Summary • Recognize the importance of key early decisions and where to get more information even before sizing for customer loads. • Identify the impact of site conditions and overall loads on generator set performance. • Describe how transient performance impacts generator set sizing: includ
Slide 40: Additional Resources Recap
Additional Resources Recap Cummins White Papers • Specifying & Validating Motor Starting Capability • Understanding Cummins Power Generation’s Suggested Specifications for Motor Starting • How to Size a Genset: Proper Generator Set Sizing Requires Analysis of Parameters and Loads • Generator Set Siz
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Slide 42: Q&A
Q&A Please type your questions, comments and feedback in the Zoom Q&A window. PDH certificate, copy of the presentation, and link to the recording will be provided in a follow up email within a 1-2 business days. Please complete the brief survey upon exiting the webinar! Mark Taylor Bob Kelly Dennis
Slide 43: Following This Event…
Following This Event… First Email (ASAP) Second Email (3-5 Business Days) 1 Professional Development Video Recording Hour (PDH) Certificate Copy of slide deck Please engage with our Power Suite exit survey! Power Suite is where to find past PowerHours, Application Manuals, Sizing Tools, Data Sheets,
Slide 44: More From Cummins!
More From Cummins! Cummins White Papers Brightest Bulbs Podcast Click here to subscribe! Click here to hear about the latest innovations in energy and power! Cummins On-Demand Webinars New Transfer Switch Product Click here for our full webinar Your Strongest Link to Reliable library! Power is Now H
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