Agfa-gevaert Nv · EURONEXT:AGFB
Agfa-gevaert Nv — Technical Presentation (April 2006)
40 slides from Agfa-gevaert Nv's technical presentation, Apr 4, 2006
Slide 1: Photographic Process
Photographic Process NORTHERN UK CIRCUIT GROUP Tuesday, 4th April 2006
Slide 2: Eric Janssens
Eric Janssens Business Manager PCB Agfa Gevaert NV Mortsel Belgium eric.janssens@agfa.com Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 2
Slide 3: Phototooling in PCB production
Phototooling in PCB production Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 3
Slide 4: Phototooling in PCB production
Phototooling in PCB production Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 4
Slide 5: First law of chemistry
First law of chemistry z Alkali + Acid → Salt + Water z NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen cloride → sodium cloride + water + = + Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 5
Slide 6: Silver Salts
Silver Salts z AgX • X = Cl, Br, I z AgX is a weak compound • breaks easily down under the influence of energy • energy: temperature, pressure, light,... z AgX + hν → Ag + X • Ag is metallic silver (black) • X can be washed out • AgX can be dissolved in certain chemicals (fixer) Eric Janssens March
Slide 7: Basic photography
Basic photography z Build AgX crystals (conglomerate of AgX compounds) z Layer of AgX crystals on a plate z Expose the plate to light (in camera, imager, plotter, ….) • AgX in exposed crystals turn to Ag + X • Non exposed crystals are unaffected z Dissolve AgX crystals in a fixer z Wash out X and dr
Slide 8: Improvements: Developer
Improvements: Developer z Problem 1: • exposure takes several minutes z Solution: amplification of the effect of light (developer) z Principle: • crystals which were exposed have some Ag atoms • immerse in a chemistry that: - breaks down completely any AgX crystal starting at the Ag atom (amplificat
Slide 9: Improvements: Gelatine
Improvements: Gelatine z Problem 2: • when crystals touch one another the development goes on from crystal to crystal to crystal • the complete image turns black z Solution: separate crystals in a matrix of gelatine • transparent • photographically inert • chemically inert • allow chemistry to penet
Slide 10: Improvement: Sensitiser
Improvement: Sensitiser z Problem 3: • film is sensitive to all colors of light • film to be handled in absolute darkness Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 10
Slide 11: EM spectrum
EM spectrum Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 11
Slide 12: Improvement: Sensitiser
Improvement: Sensitiser z Problem 3: • film is sensitive to all colors of light • film to be handled in absolute darkness z Solution: Sensitiser • chemistry that captures light of a certain color • and passes the energy to a AgX compound that breaks down an Ag + X z Remark: the AgX compounds themsel
Slide 13: Image formation: plot
Image formation: plot z Problem 4: • Uneven light distribution in the laser spot Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 13
Slide 14: Image formation: sensitisers absorb light
Image formation: sensitisers absorb light Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 14
Slide 15: Image formation: AgX splits
Image formation: AgX splits Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 15
Slide 16: Improvement: Gold
Improvement: Gold z Problem 5: • Ag atoms are “mobile” • Ag atoms are hidden in the crystals • Chemistry can not reach them z Solution: Gold at the outside of the crystals • A gold atom combines with 4 Ag atoms to form a stable nucleus Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 16
Slide 17: Image formation: Ag nucleus formation
Image formation: Ag nucleus formation Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 17
Slide 18: Image formation: Ag nucleus formation
Image formation: Ag nucleus formation Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 18
Slide 19: Image formation: Development
Image formation: Development z Problem 4: • Uneven light distribution in the laser spot Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 19
Slide 20: Improvement: LIEC
Improvement: LIEC z Problem 4: • Au atoms can not access 4 Ag atoms • Some crystals may or may not be developed z Solution: latent image enhancement component • Chemistry in the gelatine that, when activated by the developer, attracts “lost” Ag atoms Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 20
Slide 21: Image formation: development
Image formation: development All exposed crystals can be developed Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 21
Slide 22: Result: correct line width, highest line sharpness
Result : correct line width, highest line sharpness Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 22
Slide 23: Photography in phototooling: overview
Photography in phototooling: overview z Expose (create latent image) • Sensitisers capture energy and pass to AgX underneath • The AgX underneath breaks into Ag and X • Ag and Au forms nucleuses Photoplotter z Processing • Develop (turn latent image into visible one) Latent image enhancement compone
Slide 24: Structure of
Structure of Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 24
Slide 25: Structure of
Structure of Matting Antistress 1 Latent image enhancement components Antistress 2 Emulsion Silver halide crystal 300nm 1 million AgX-compounds / crystal Spectral sensitisers Gold atoms Adhesive layer 2 Adhesive layer 1 PET Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 25
Slide 26: Structure of
Structure of L a y er F u n ctio n M att C o n tro l tran sp o rt d u rin g lo ad in g an d u n lo ad in g C o n tro l v acu u m d u rin g p rin tin g A n tistress 1 P ro tect im ag e fro m d am ag e A n tistress 2 P ro tect im ag e fro m d am ag e E m u lsio n Im a g e fo rm atio n S u b strate 1 B
Slide 27: Structure of: emulsion
Structure of : emulsion Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 27
Slide 28: Structure of: Crystals
Structure of : Crystals Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 28
Slide 29: Line edge analysis method
Line edge analysis method z Measurement of : • Line width • Line width variation • Edge sharpness • Edge roughness Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 29
Slide 30: Test results on various plotters
Test results on various plotters 20 µm lines on First EIE RP525 @ 25.400 dpi Present type Idealine RPF S = 0.83 R = 2.30 LW = 21.08 S = 0.61 R = 1.10 LW = 21.91 Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 30
Slide 31: Test results on various plotters
Test results on various plotters 25 µm lines on ManiaTechnology SilverWriter @ 25.400 dpi Present type Idealine RPF S= R= LW = S = 0.53 R = 1.00 LW = 26.3 Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 31
Slide 32: Test results on various plotters
Test results on various plotters 12 µm lines on Orbotech LP 9008UR @ 25.400 dpi Idealine RPF Idealine RPF S = 0.68 R = 1.10 LW = 12.9 Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 32
Slide 33: Test results on various plotters
Test results on various plotters 20 µm lines on Pentax LPP3880 @ 20.000 dpi Present type Idealine OPF S = 0.71 R = 1.26 LW = 22.8 S = 0.50 R = 0.86 LW = 22.2 Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 33
Slide 34: Characteristic: density
Characteristic: density z The logarithmic value of the ratio of applied light over transmitted light X X = 1 000 000, Y = 10 X/Y = 100 000 = 105 Density = 5 0 1 000 000 X = 1 000 0000, Y = 900 000 Y X/Y = 1,1 = 100,05 Density = 0,05 Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 34
Slide 35: Characteristic curve
Characteristic curve z Relation between applied energy and density Idealine RPF Laser Sensitometry 6 5 633 nm 670 nm 4 Density 3 2 1 0 0 0,4 0,8 1,2 1,6 2 Exposure in Log IT Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 35
Slide 36: Phototooling: alternative LDI
Phototooling: alternative LDI Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 36
Slide 37: Phototooling: alternative ink jet
Phototooling: alternative ink jet Legend ink, resist, solder mask Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 37
Slide 38: Phototooling: alternative ink jet
Phototooling: alternative ink jet Legend ink, solder mask, conductors, optical conductors, hole fillers, peelable masks,…. Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 38
Slide 39: Conclusions
Conclusions z Phototooling is high tech • AgX film does the job today • AgX film can cope with future needs z LDI has limitations z Ink Jet may do the job, one day AgX film will remain, for quite some time, the major imaging tool for the productions of PCB’s Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 39
Slide 40: Thank You
Thank You Eric Janssens March 2006 Slide 40