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Tennessee Valley Authority — Technical Presentation (August 2011)
23 slides from Tennessee Valley Authority's technical presentation, August 2011
Slide 1: Assessing the Risks to Fish Reproduction from the TVA-Kingston Fossil Plant Fly Ash Release
Assessing the Risks to Fish Reproduction from the TVA- Kingston Fossil Plant Fly Ash Release TVA-Kingston Fly Ash Release Environmental Research Symposium August, 2011 Mark S. Greeley1, S. Marshall Adams1, Tyler F. Baker2, Logan R. Elmore1, Mary K. McCracken1, and Rick M. Sherrard2 1Oak Ridge Nation
Slide 2: Why the Concern for Fish Reproduction?
Why the Concern for Fish Reproduction? • Reproduction is a key link between the potential effects of fly ash on individual fish and on populations • Metals that are enriched in fly ash (for example Se, Hg, As) can have adverse effects on fish reproduction • Selenium in particular has been shown to b
Slide 3: Fish Reproduction Studies Associated with the Kingston Fly Ash Release
Fish Reproduction Studies Associated with the Kingston Fly Ash Release • Field studies (spring 2009 - 2011) of fish reproductive condition in the Emory and Clinch Rivers • Short-term laboratory tests involving direct exposure of fish embryos to fly ash • Longer-term laboratory studies involving dire
Slide 4: Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition: Objectives and Study Design
Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition: Objectives and Study Design • Conducted with spring monitoring of fish health and bioaccumulation 2009- 2011 at five primary study sites (see following slide for locations) • Female fish sampled at the beginning of their respective breeding seasons • Met
Slide 5: Study Sites for Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition
Study Sites for Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition 5 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 6: Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition Spring 2009: Ovary Size
Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition Spring 2009: Ovary Size 16 GSI 14 c Gonado-Somatic Index 12 Bluegill Sunfish Photo by Richard T. Bryant 10 a a Low GSI = small ovary 8 a 6 b 4 2 0 High GSI = large ovary ERM 8.0 ERM 3.0 ERM 0.9 CRM 8.0 CRM 1.5 Examples above of sunfish with a high GSI (prespaw
Slide 7: Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition Spring 2009: Fecundity
Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition Spring 2009: Fecundity 160 c 100 Vitellogenic c Batch 140 Oocytes Fecundity Vitellogenic oocytes/ g fish 80 120 Oocytes/g fish 100 b,c b 60 80 a,b a,b,c a,b 60 40 a,b a a 40 20 20 0 0 ERM 8.0 ERM 3.0 ERM 0.9 CRM 8.0 CRM 1.5 ERM 8.0 ERM 3.0 ERM 0.9 CRM 8.0 CRM
Slide 8: Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition Spring 2009: Oocyte Viability
Bluegill Sunfish Reproductive Condition - Spring 2009: Oocyte Viability 2.5 Atresia a 2.0 Atretic oocytes/g fish a 1.5 a 1.0 a 0.5 a Picture of oocytes from a sunfish ovary illustrating the appearance of normal vitellogenic oocytes, an atretic oocyte, and a parasitic cyst present along with the oocy
Slide 9: Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition: Status
Field Studies of Fish Reproductive Condition: Status • Ovary samples collected through 2011 • Ovary samples through 2010 analyzed • Data for 2009-2010 being compiled and statistically analyzed for September 2011 reporting 9 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 10: Short-term Laboratory Tests of the Effects of Fly Ash on Fish Early Development
Short-term Laboratory Tests of the Effects of Fly Ash on Fish Early Development • Tested effects of direct contact exposure to fly ash on fish early development in experimental exposures • Tests were modified fathead minnow 7-day embryo-larval toxicity tests conducted for 7-days through yolk-sac abs
Slide 11: Collection Sites for Sediment Tested by Fathead Minnow Embryo-Larval Bioassays
Collection Sites for Sediment Tested by Fathead Minnow Embryo-Larval Bioassays Sample A = 67% ash Sample B = 75% ash Sample C = 78% ash Sample D = 46% ash 11 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 12: Results of Fathead Minnow Embryo-Larval Tests
Results of Fathead Minnow Embryo-Larval Tests 120 Control Reference 100 % Survival minus Terrata Fly Ash 80 * Embryos on ash 60 40 20 0 No significant differences A B Sample C D between controls and fly ash-exposed embryos Note: Test based on EPA method 1001.0, modified for fly ash testing; terrata
Slide 13: Short-term Laboratory Tests: Status
Short-term Laboratory Tests of the Effects of Fly Ash on Fish Early Development: Status • Bioassays completed summer 2010 • Draft report June 2011 • Finalized report expected August 2011 13 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 14: Long-term Experimental Exposures of Fish to Fly Ash in the Laboratory
Long-term Experimental Exposures of Fish to Fly Ash in the Laboratory • Can fish survive and reproduce on fly ash? • Evaluate the chronic toxicity to adult fish and their young from direct exposures to fly ash • Bluegill sunfish was original target species, but male fish in particular kept ash unacc
Slide 15: Egg Production per Aquaria per 3-Day Collection Period
Egg Production per Aquaria per 2 to 3-Day Collection Period (Preliminary Results of Ongoing Study) 700 Control Reference Sediment Fly Ash 600 Mean Egg Production 500 400 300 200 100 0 2 4 12 15 18 1 5 8 13 19 3 7 11 14 17 Aquarium 15 Managed by UT-Battelle 2-mo exposures for the U.S. Department of E
Slide 16: Percent Non-Viable Eggs
Percent Non-Viable Eggs 40 Control Reference Sediment Fly Ash % Non-Viable Eggs 30 20 10 0 2 4 12 15 18 1 5 8 13 19 3 7 11 14 17 Aquarium Interval from 1 mo - 2 mo 16 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 17: Long-term Experimental Exposures of Fish to Fly Ash: Status
Long-term Experimental Exposures of Fish to Fly Ash in the Laboratory: Status • Adult exposures and reproduction monitoring completed January 2011 • Embryo-larval testing completed February 2011 • Reproduction/developmental data still being compiled and statistically analyzed • Metals currently bein
Slide 18: Field Evaluation of Incidences of Developmental Abnormalities in Larval Fish
Field Evaluation of Incidences of Developmental Abnormalities in Larval Fish • TVA project (see Tyler Baker for details) • Incidences of developmental abnormalities are being assessed in larval fish sampled from the Emory and Clinch Rivers • Focus is on the detection of non-lethal developmental abno
Slide 19: In vitro Spawning Trials
In vitro Spawning Trials Redear sunfish • Objectives: evaluate potential food chain effects and/or maternally-transferred developmental toxicity in fish exposed to fly ash in the Emory and Clinch Rivers • Fish collected from field sites were spawned in vitro during the spring 2011 breeding season (p
Slide 20: Study Sites for In Vitro Spawning Studies
Study Sites for In Vitro Spawning Studies 20 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy
Slide 21: In vitro Spawning Trials: Status
In vitro Spawning Trials: Status • 51 female redear sunfish were spawned in vitro between May 11and June 1, 2011 from ERM 8, ERM 3, ERM 0.9, CRM 8, and CRM 1.5 • Sufficient bluegill sunfish with eggs or mature ovaries could not be collected • Redear eggs were fertilized with pooled milt from males c
Slide 22: Summary of Fish Reproduction Studies Associated with the Kingston Fly Ash Release
Summary of Fish Reproduction Studies Associated with the Kingston Fly Ash Release • No evidence to date of significant reproductive impairment in fish in the Emory and Clinch Rivers • Some potentially significant 2010 data (from redear sunfish in particular) are still being analyzed • Direct exposur
Slide 23: Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements • This research was sponsored by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL is managed by UT- Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05- 00OR22725 • Numerous TVA personnel and subcontractors provided
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