Tennessee Valley Authority · NYSE:TVC
Tennessee Valley Authority — TVA Kingston Ecological Recovery Symposium 2011
23 slides from Tennessee Valley Authority's conference presentation, Oct 13, 2011
Slide 1: Effects of the Kingston Ash Spill on Amphibians and Reptiles
Effects of the Kingston Ash Spill on Amphibians and Reptiles , Elizabeth Burton1, Jesse Morris1, Suzy Young 2, Amber Stojak2, Travis Hill Henry 3 1 Restoration Services, Inc., 2ARCADIS U.S., Inc.; 3Tennessee Valley Authority
Slide 2: Introduction
Introduction December 22 March 20 April August 2008 2009 2009 2009 Affected areas include: 5.4 million cy of ash into Emory R. and surrounding areas www.oal-ash- spill.com 55.1 acres of riparian zonewww.nationalgeographic.co m media.knoxnews.com 2.5 acres of wetland www.wild-facts.com
Slide 3: Conceptual Exposure Model
Conceptual Exposure Model thegreatsmokeymountains.o rg mayo.personcounty.n et
Slide 4: Amphibians
Amphibians Photo credit: Dr. J.D. Wilson Photo credit: Dr. J.D. Wilson American Toad Spring Peeper Upland chorus frog Anaxyrus Pseudacris crucifer Pseudacris feriarum americanus Family: Bufonidae Family: Hylidae (True Toads) (Treefrogs) Species selection • Common species • Different Families • Diffe
Slide 5: Amphibians: Reference Site Timberlake
Reference Site: Timberlake Kingston Fossil Plant Amphibians Sites = 5 n = 76 (2009) n = 121 (2010) n = 156 (2011)
Slide 6: Slide 6
Slide 7: Amphibians- Analysis
Amphibians- Analysis Two-way ANOVA within species across years and locations Combined reference and non-impacted sites within years (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, p=0.629) Post hoc tests: Tukey-Kramer Significant differences found in 11 of 26 trace elements: Barium Selenium Calcium Strontium Iron C
Slide 8: Selenium Toxicity
Selenium Toxicity One of the most toxic substances known to developing amphibians (Herfenist et al. 1989) Maternally transferred from parent to egg – retained in tissue as they undergo metamophosis (Hopkins et al. 2006; Snodgrass 2005) Teratogenic effects (Hopkins et al. 2000; Rowe et al 1996,
Slide 9: Selenium - Amphibians
Selenium - Amphibians Selenium Concentration in Whole Body (mg/kg) Spring Peeper Selenium Concentration in Whole Body (mg/kg) Upland Chorus Frog 2.5 Selenium Concentration in Whole Body Selenium Concentration in Whole Body (mg/kg) Selenium Concentration in Whole Body (mg/kg) 3.0 2.0 (mg/L) 2.0 1.5 1
Slide 10: Strontium Toxicity
Strontium Toxicity Maternally transferred from parent to egg (Hopkins et al. 2006) No previous laboratory studies specifically examining impacts of strontium in amphibians Replaces calcium resulting in soft and brittle bones (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias, 1999, Szostek et al. 2009) www.tnfish.or
Slide 11: Strontium - Amphibians
Strontium - Amphibians 250 Spring Peeper American Toad 125 (mg/kg) Strontium Concentration in Whole Body (mg/kg) 150 Body 200 Strontium Concentration in Whole Body (mg/kg) Strontium Concentration in Whole Body Strontium Concentration in Whole Body 100 in Whole 75 50 Concentration (mg/kg) (mg/kg) 100
Slide 12: Copper Toxicity
Copper Toxicity Copper radicals lead to oxidative stress in the body – can damage proteins, lipids, DNA, etc. Chronic exposure may negatively affect growth of larvae (Lande and Guttman 1973) Impacts larval behavior, heart rate, and neuromuscular coordination (Kaplan and Yogh 1961) Loss of eq
Slide 13: Copper - Amphibians
Copper - Amphibians Spring Peeper (mg/kg) Upland Chorus Frog Body(mg/kg) 40 40 Copper Concentration in Whole Body (mg/kg) Copper Concentration in Whole Body (mg/kg) Copper Concentration in Whole Body (mg/kg) Selenium Concentration in Whole Body Body 30 Whole 30 Concentration Whole in in 20 20 Concen
Slide 14: Turtles
a-z- Turtle s animals.com Herpne Turtlesite.in
Slide 15: Turtles
Turtles http://www.ctherpconsultant.com/ http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/homepage/ www.marshall.edu/herp/images/ images/ images/ Musk /Mud Turtles Eastern Spiny softshell Common Snapping Sternotherus sp./ Kinosternon Apalone spinifera spinifera Turtle sp. Chelydra serpentina • Feed in sediment on •
Slide 16: Turtles
Kingston Fossil Plant Turtles Trap locations = 347 Total turtles captured n = 587 (2009) n = 3,806
Slide 17: Methods - Turtles
Methods - Turtles 2010 Collections Target Species • Snapping Turtles (58) • Musk/Mud Turtles (350) • Eastern Spiny Softshell Turtles (89) Non-Target Species • Sliders • Painted • River Cooters • Map
Slide 18: Selenium in Turtle Blood
Selenium in Turtle Blood Common Eastern Musk Snapping Spiny / Turtle Mud Turtle Softshell BloodBlood Turtle Blood Blood Blood Selenium Concentration in inBlood Blood (mg/kg wet weight) weight) in weight) Concentrationin wetweight) Concentration SeleniumConcentration (mg/kg (mg/kg wet (mg/kgwet Selen
Slide 19: Selenium in Turtle Blood
Selenium in Turtle Blood Selenium Concentration in Turtle Blood (mg/kg wet weight) Upstream Downstream Clinch Emory TN River TN River River River 2-way ANOVA, Location (p=0.0002); Species (p<0.0001); Interaction (p=0.0192)
Slide 20: Selenium in Turtle Blood
Selenium in Turtle Blood No similar studies for comparison of impacted vs. non- impacted Snappers have similar Se concentrations to free ranging Alligator snapping turtles in Florida (Chaffin et al. 2008) Mud/musk and softshells show variation by location but not snappers Further research
Slide 21: Conclusions
Conclusions Concentrations of trace elements in amphibians and reptiles have not reached levels of concern, although they are increased in certain species at impacted sites Species specific differences Feeding ecology Sensitivity to contaminates Legacy issues Looking toward the future vi
Slide 22: Additional Acknowledgements
Additional Acknowledgements Adam Johnson Travis Walls Dr. William Hopkins Mirtha Martin U.S. Fish and Wildlife Neil Carriker Service Wes James Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency Jacqueline Iannuzzi Tom Bock Jason Brown David Greenberg
Slide 23: Questions?
Questions? bullmarketfrogs.co
Tennessee Valley Authority — TVA Kingston Ecological Recovery Symposium 2011 on 6ix