Allstate Corporation (the) · NYSE:ALL

Allstate Corporation (the) — Q4 2018 Earnings Presentation

62 slides from Allstate Corporation (the)'s earnings presentation, Feb 5, 2019

  1. Slide 1: Investor Supplement Fourth Quarter 2018

    The Allstate Corporation Investor Supplement Fourth Quarter 2018 The consolidated financial statements and financial exhibits included herein are unaudited. These consolidated financial statements and exhibits should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto

  2. Slide 2: Table of Contents

    The Allstate Corporation Investor Supplement - Fourth Quarter 2018 Table of Contents Consolidated Operations Allstate Life Statements of Operations 1 Segment Results and Other Statistics 36 Contribution to Income 2 Analysis of Net Income 37 Revenues 3 Return on Equity 38 Segment Results 4,5 Reserves

  3. Slide 3: Consolidated Statements of Operations

    The Allstate Corporation Consolidated Statements of Operations ($ in millions, except per share data) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Revenues Proper

  4. Slide 4: Contribution to Income

    The Allstate Corporation Contribution to Income ($ in millions, except per share data) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Contribution to income Net (lo

  5. Slide 5: Revenues

    The Allstate Corporation Revenues ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Property-Liability (1) Insurance premiums $ 8,422 $ 8,320 $ 8,189 $

  6. Slide 6: Consolidating Segment Results (Three months)

    The Allstate Corporation Consolidating Segment Results Allstate Discontinued Property- Service Allstate Allstate Allstate Corporate Intersegment ($ in millions) Protection Lines Liability Businesses Life Benefits Annuities and Other Eliminations Consolidated Three months ended December 31, 2018 Prem

  7. Slide 7: Consolidating Segment Results (Twelve months)

    The Allstate Corporation Consolidating Segment Results Allstate Discontinued Property- Service Allstate Allstate Allstate Corporate Intersegment ($ in millions) Protection Lines Liability Businesses Life Benefits Annuities and Other Eliminations Consolidated Twelve months ended December 31, 2018 Pre

  8. Slide 8: Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

    The Allstate Corporation Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position ($ in millions) Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 Assets Liabilities Investments Reserve for property and casua

  9. Slide 9: Book Value per Common Share

    The Allstate Corporation Book Value per Common Share ($ in millions, except per share data) Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 Book value per common share Numerator: (1) Common shareholders' equity $ 19,382 $ 21,330 $ 2

  10. Slide 10: Return on Common Shareholders' Equity

    The Allstate Corporation Return on Common Shareholders' Equity ($ in millions) Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 Return on Common Shareholders' Equity Numerator: (1) Net income applicable to common

  11. Slide 11: Debt to Capital

    The Allstate Corporation Debt to Capital ($ in millions) Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 Debt Short-term debt $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Long-term debt 6,451 6,450 6,448 6,847 6,350 6,349 6,348 6,346 Total debt

  12. Slide 12: Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

    The Allstate Corporation Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Cash flows from operating activities N

  13. Slide 13: Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Three months)

    The Allstate Corporation Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs ($ in millions) Change in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs For the three months ended December 31, 2018 Amortization relating to realized capital gains and Amortization losses and (acceleration) Effect of Beginning Acquisition A

  14. Slide 14: Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Twelve months)

    The Allstate Corporation Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs ($ in millions) Change in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Reconciliation of Deferred Policy For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 Acquisition Costs as of December 31, 2018 Amortization relating to realized capital gains

  15. Slide 15: Policies in Force and Other Statistics

    The Allstate Corporation Policies in Force and Other Statistics Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Policies In Force statistics (in thousands) (1) 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 Allstate Protection Allstate brand Auto 20,104 19,912 19,810 19,617 19,5

  16. Slide 16: Premiums Written for Allstate Protection and Service Businesses

    The Allstate Corporation Premiums Written for Allstate Protection and Service Businesses ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Allstate Pro

  17. Slide 17: Catastrophe Losses

    The Allstate Corporation Catastrophe Losses ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Allstate Protection Allstate brand Auto $ 53 $ 113 $ 160

  18. Slide 18: Prior Year Reserve Reestimates

    The Allstate Corporation Prior Year Reserve Reestimates ($ in millions) Twelve months ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Prior Year Reserve Reestimates (1) Allstate brand $ (332) $ (585) $ (110) Esurance brand 3 (2) (21) Encompass brand (11) (14) 5 Allstate Protection (340) (601) (126) Discontinued L

  19. Slide 19: Historical Loss Reserves

    The Allstate Corporation Historical Loss Reserves ($ in millions) As of and for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 (net of reinsurance) Net reserve for claims and claims expense, beginning of year $ 19,854 $ 19,066 $ 17,977 $ 17,229 $ 17,193 Acquisitions - 17 - - - Claims

  20. Slide 20: Property-Liability Results

    The Allstate Corporation Property-Liability Results ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Premiums written $ 8,370 $ 8,800 $ 8,541 $ 7,844

  21. Slide 21: Property-Liability Underwriting Results by Area of Business

    The Allstate Corporation Property-Liability Underwriting Results by Area of Business ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Property-Liabili

  22. Slide 22: Property-Liability Catastrophe Experience

    The Allstate Corporation Property-Liability Catastrophe Experience Catastrophe by Size of Event ($ in millions) Three months ended December 31, 2018 Average Number Claims and Combined catastrophe Size of catastrophe of events claims expense ratio impact loss per event Greater than $250 million 1 3.7

  23. Slide 23: Property-Liability Prior Year Reserve Reestimates

    The Allstate Corporation Property-Liability Prior Year Reserve Reestimates ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Prior Year Reserve Reestim

  24. Slide 24: Catastrophe Losses included in Prior Year Reserve Reestimates

    The Allstate Corporation Property-Liability Catastrophe Losses included in Prior Year Reserve Reestimates ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018

  25. Slide 25: Allstate Protection Impact of Net Rate Changes Approved on Premiums Written

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Protection Impact of Net Rate Changes Approved on Premiums Written Three months ended Three months ended Three months ended December 31, 2018 (1) September 30, 2018 June 30, 2018 Number of Location Number of Location Number of Location locations (7) Total brand (%)

  26. Slide 26: Allstate Brand Profitability Measures

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Brand Profitability Measures ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Net premiums written $ 7,646 $ 8,010 $

  27. Slide 27: Allstate Brand Statistics

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Brand Statistics (1) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 New Issued Applications (in thousands) (2) Auto 710 755 754 71

  28. Slide 28: Esurance Brand Profitability Measures and Statistics

    The Allstate Corporation Esurance Brand Profitability Measures and Statistics ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Net premiums written $

  29. Slide 29: Encompass Brand Profitability Measures and Statistics

    The Allstate Corporation Encompass Brand Profitability Measures and Statistics ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Net premiums written $

  30. Slide 30: Auto Profitability Measures by Brand

    The Allstate Corporation Auto Profitability Measures by Brand ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Allstate brand auto Net premiums writte

  31. Slide 31: Homeowners Profitability Measures by Brand

    The Allstate Corporation Homeowners Profitability Measures by Brand ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Allstate brand homeowners Net pre

  32. Slide 32: Other Personal Lines Profitability Measures by Brand

    The Allstate Corporation Other Personal Lines Profitability Measures by Brand (1) ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Allstate brand othe

  33. Slide 33: Commercial Lines Profitability Measures

    The Allstate Corporation Commercial Lines Profitability Measures (1) ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 (3) 2017 Net premiums written $ 177 $

  34. Slide 34: Discontinued Lines and Coverages Reserves

    The Allstate Corporation Discontinued Lines and Coverages Reserves ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended December 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, (net of reinsurance) 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 Asbestos Beginning reserves $ 882 $ 856 $ 866 $ 884 $ 884 $ 9

  35. Slide 35: Service Businesses Segment Results

    The Allstate Corporation Service Businesses Segment Results (1) ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Service Businesses Net premiums writt

  36. Slide 36: SquareTrade Results

    The Allstate Corporation SquareTrade Results ($ in millions) As of or for the three months ended As of or for the twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Net premiums written $

  37. Slide 37: Other Service Businesses Segment Results

    The Allstate Corporation Other Service Businesses Segment Results ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Arity (1) Intersegment service fees

  38. Slide 38: Allstate Life Segment Results and Other Statistics

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Life Segment Results and Other Statistics ($ in millions) As of or for the three months ended As or for the twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018

  39. Slide 39: Allstate Life Analysis of Net Income

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Life Analysis of Net Income ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Benefit spread Premiums $ 158 $ 149 $ 1

  40. Slide 40: Allstate Life Return on Equity

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Life Return on Equity ($ in millions) Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 Return on Equity Numerator: Net income applicable to common shareholders (1)(2) $ 254 $ 579 $ 598 $ 585 $ 577 Denominator: Beginning equ

  41. Slide 41: Allstate Life Reserves and Contractholder Funds

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Life Reserves and Contractholder Funds ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Reserve for life-contingent

  42. Slide 42: Allstate Benefits Segment Results and Other Statistics

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Benefits Segment Results and Other Statistics ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Premiums $ 253 $ 259

  43. Slide 43: Allstate Benefits Segment Premium and Other Statistics

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Benefits Segment Premium and Other Statistics ($ in millions) As of or for the three months ended As of or for the twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 20

  44. Slide 44: Allstate Benefits Return on Equity

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Benefits Return on Equity ($ in millions) Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 Return on Equity Numerator: Net income applicable to common shareholders (1)(2) $ 113 $ 164 $ 159 $ 150 $ 146 Denominator: Beginning

  45. Slide 45: Allstate Annuities Segment Results and Other Statistics

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Annuities Segment Results and Other Statistics ($ in millions) As of or for the three months ended As of or for the twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2

  46. Slide 46: Allstate Annuities Analysis of Net Income

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Annuities Analysis of Net Income ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Benefit spread Cost of insurance c

  47. Slide 47: Allstate Annuities Return on Equity

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Annuities Return on Equity ($ in millions) Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 Return on Equity Numerator: (1)(2) Net income applicable to common shareholders $ 75 $ 460 $ 395 $ 406 $ 418 Denominator: Beginning

  48. Slide 48: Allstate Annuities Reserves and Contractholder Funds

    The Allstate Corporation Allstate Annuities Reserves and Contractholder Funds ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Reserve for life-contin

  49. Slide 49: Corporate and Other Segment Results

    The Allstate Corporation Corporate and Other Segment Results ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Net investment income $ 15 $ 20 $ 23 $ 1

  50. Slide 50: Consolidated Investments

    The Allstate Corporation Consolidated Investments ($ in millions) Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 Consolidated Investments Fixed income securities, at fair value: Tax-exempt $ 7,000 $ 7,252 $ 7,396 $ 6,310 $ 6,010 $

  51. Slide 51: Investments by Segment

    The Allstate Corporation Investments by Segment ($ in millions) As of December 31, 2018 Property- Service Allstate Allstate Allstate Corporate Liability Businesses Life Benefits Annuities and Other Total Investments by Segment Fixed income securities, at fair value: Tax-exempt $ 6,693 $ - $ - $ - $

  52. Slide 52: Unrealized Net Capital Gains and Losses by Type

    The Allstate Corporation Unrealized Net Capital Gains and Losses by Type ($ in millions) December 31, 2018 September 30, 2018 June 30, 2018 Unrealized net Fair value Unrealized net Fair value Unrealized net Fair value capital gains Fair as a percent of capital gains Fair as a percent of capital gain

  53. Slide 53: Net Investment Income, Yields and Realized Capital Gains and Losses (Pre-Tax)

    The Allstate Corporation Net Investment Income, Yields and Realized Capital Gains and Losses (Pre-Tax) ($ in millions) Three months ended Twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 201

  54. Slide 54: Net Investment Income, Yields and Realized Gains and Losses by Segment (Three months)

    The Allstate Corporation Net Investment Income, Yields and Realized Capital Gains and Losses (Pre-Tax) by Segment ($ in millions) Three months ended December 31, 2018 Property- Service Allstate Allstate Allstate Corporate Liability Businesses Life Benefits Annuities and Other Total Net Investment In

  55. Slide 55: Net Investment Income, Yields and Realized Gains and Losses by Segment (Twelve months)

    The Allstate Corporation Net Investment Income, Yields and Realized Capital Gains and Losses (Pre-Tax) by Segment ($ in millions) Twelve months ended December 31, 2018 Property- Service Allstate Allstate Allstate Corporate Liability Businesses Life Benefits Annuities and Other Total Net Investment I

  56. Slide 56: Investment Position and Results by Strategy

    The Allstate Corporation Investment Position and Results by Strategy ($ in millions) As of or for the three months ended As of or for the twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 201

  57. Slide 57: Investment Position and Results by Strategy and Segment (Three months)

    The Allstate Corporation Investment Position and Results by Strategy and Segment ($ in millions) As of or for the three months ended December 31, 2018 Property- Service Allstate Allstate Allstate Corporate Liability Businesses Life Benefits Annuities and Other Total Market-based (1) Investment Posit

  58. Slide 58: Investment Position and Results by Strategy and Segment (Twelve months)

    The Allstate Corporation Investment Position and Results by Strategy and Segment ($ in millions) As of or for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 Property- Service Allstate Allstate Allstate Corporate Liability Businesses Life Benefits Annuities and Other Total Market-based (1) Investment Posi

  59. Slide 59: Performance-Based Investments

    The Allstate Corporation Performance-Based Investments ($ in millions) As of or for the three months ended As of or for the twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Investment p

  60. Slide 60: Limited Partnership Interests

    The Allstate Corporation Limited Partnership Interests ($ in millions) As of or for the three months ended As of or for the twelve months ended Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 2018 2018 2018 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018 2017 Investment p

  61. Slide 61: Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures

    Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures We believe that investors’ understanding of Allstate’s performance is enhanced by our disclosure of the following non-GAAP measures. Our methods for calculating these measures may differ from those used by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited. A

  62. Slide 62: Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures (continued)

    Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures (continued) Underlying loss ratio is a non-GAAP ratio, which is computed as the difference between three GAAP operating ratios: the loss ratio, the effect of catastrophes on the combined ratio and the effect of prior year non-catastrophe reserve reestimates on the co

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