Slide 1: Critical Metals Potential of Polymetallic Intrusion-Related Mineralization, Québec-Maine Border Area
CRITICAL METALS POTENTIAL OF POLYMETALLIC INTRUSION- RELATED MINERALIZATION FROM THE APPALACHIAN QUÉBEC-MAINE BORDER AREA Pr Marc Richer-LaFlèche, Ph.D., geo Quebec University INRS Centre Eau Terre et Environnement
Slide 2: Contact
Contact: Marc Richer-LaFlèche, Ph.D., geo Professor Quebec University INRS Centre Eau Terre et Environnement 490 rue de la Couronne, Ville de Québec (Québec), G1K-9A9 2605 boul. du Parc-Technologique, Ville de Québec (Québec), G1P 4S5 Phone: 418-473-2046 marc.richer-lafleche@inrs.ca
Slide 3: Southern Quebec Is a High-Potential Region
SOUTHERN QUEBEC IS A HIGH-POTENTIAL REGION FOR THE DISCOVERY OF STRATEGIC MINERALS AND CRITICAL METALS. -With the exception of the old St-Robert mine area, the region is relatively underexplored for these metals, but the geology contains most of the components needed to form deposits. -Economic expl
Slide 4: This Presentation Highlights the Geological and Metallogenic Potential
This presentation highlights the geological and metallogenic potential of Quebec's Appalachians in the border region between Quebec and Maine (USA). The mineralizations of interest in this region are closely associated with Devonian intrusions, and exploration targets are mainly located in the Silur
Slide 5: The High-Potential Porphyry Mineralization Sector
The high-potential porphyry mineralization sector is located in southern Quebec, more specifically the near the Quebec-Maine (USA) border. Porphyry-related granophile mineralizations (and associated quartz veins) are most often polymetallic in nature. At St-Robert Bellarmin, these mineralizations ar
Slide 6: Canada's Critical Mineral List
Potential in the southern Canada’s critical mineral list Appalachians of Quebec Hayes and McCullough, 2018: Resources Policy 59 (2018) 192–199
Slide 7: Global Supply of EU Critical Minerals and Metals Sources
Global Supply of EU Critical Minerals and Metals Sources: USGS, The pie charts show the percent distribution of the production of critical metals and minerals. European Comission, In total, it is 100% for each raw material. The area of the pies are proportional. SGU 2017. Kyrgyzstan Mongolia, 5% ‘An
Slide 8: Minerals Absolutely Critical to U.S. Security
Minerals Absolutely Critical to U.S. Security Scheelite Bismuth
Slide 9: Tungsten (W)
Tungsten (W) PRODUCTION OF HARD METALS SPECIALIST STEELS high strength, hardness, heat tolerance, and wear and corrosive resistance -cutting tools for mining and machining metals -tamping dies and hot rollers in steel mills -turbine blades -rocket nozzles -space vehicle reentry shields, -exhaust gas
Slide 10: Tungsten (W)
Tungsten (W) CHEMICAL INDUSTRY -Ceramic glazes -Enamels -White pigments in paint -Fireproofing of textiles -Production of semiconductor circuits
Slide 11: Tungsten (W)
Tungsten (W) During the past several years, China has become the world's largest tungsten consumer because of rapid industrialization; therefore, export of the metal is now limited
Slide 12: Bismuth (Bi)
Bismuth (Bi) Bismuth is used in: -Pigments -Medical applications -Cosmetics -Industrial catalyst -Metallurgical industry -Alloys and solder -Electronics (infrared spectroscopy, semiconductors) -Research and development -Spectroscopy (x-ray and gamma-ray detectors, laser)
Slide 13: World Distribution of Wolframite-Quartz Vein W Deposit
WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF WOLFRAMITE-QUARTZ VEIN W DEPOSIT Ni et al., 2022; Minerals 2022, 12(2), 237
Slide 14: Critical Minerals in the Quebec-Maine Frontier Area of the Appalachian Belt
CRITICAL MINERALS IN THE QUEBEC-MAINE FRONTIER AREA OF THE APPALACHIAN BELT
Slide 15: Location of Areas in Québec with Devonian Intrusions
LOCATION OF AREAS IN QUÉBEC WITH DEVONIAN INSTRUSIONS Source: https://www.sidex.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Explorer-pour-le-tungste%CC%80ne-au-Que%CC%81bec.pdf
Slide 16: In Southern Quebec, the High-Potential Areas for Tungsten
In southern Quebec, the high-potential areas for tungsten are the same as those for molybdenum. Although the presence of tungsten has been recognized for decades, the mining industry has never developed this market. Especially since, from the early 1980s, the market was dominated by China and the va
Slide 17: Geology of the Appalachians South of Quebec City
Geology of the Appalachians south of Quebec City and north of the Quebec-Maine border Devonian intrusive pluton are shown in red. W, Bi and Mo mineralisations are reported in the MRN database (SIGEOM)
Slide 18: NW-SE Geological Section Showing Precambrian Basement
NW-SE geological section showing Precambrian basement, the St. Lawrence Platform and the Appalachian formations, including the Precambrian Chain Lakes massif to the south. Devonian Plutonic rocks
Slide 19: Exploration Strategy for Tungsten
EXPLORATION STRATEGY FOR TUNGSTEN -Detect highly differentiated igneous masses (geophysics) Quartz veins rich in -Locate plutons overlain by sedimentary tungsten rock cover (geophysics, geology) Sedimentary rocks -Locate magmatism related to continental subduction Felsic intrusion -If scheelite-rich
Slide 20: Exploration for Intrusion-Related Granophile Metal Deposits
EXPLORATION FOR INTRUSION-RELATED GRANOPHILE METAL DEPOSITS St-Robert St-Robert Source: mines-prospector-matty-mitchell-virtual-metallic-mineral-deposits-of-nl-part-5-granite-hosted.pdf
Slide 21: In the St-Robert-Bellarmin Area
In the St-Robert-Bellarmin area, the rocks of the Frontenac Formation have also been affected by the emplacement of deep intrusions and granophile pseudo-porphyry mineralizations (former St-Robert Metals mine). -This metallogenic context is favourable to the emplacement of polymetallic mineralisatio
Slide 22: Exploration Sector of Leopard Lake Gold Corp
EXPLORATION SECTOR OF LEOPARD LAKE GOLD CORP -A very large part of the area is unexplored -Restricted access to Domtar territory (private forest properties) -In this region of Quebec, for a long time, underground rights belonged to surface owners. Modified from Athurion (2013)
Slide 23: Distribution of Diamond Drill Holes
DISTRIBUTION OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLES -THE ABSENCE OF DRILLING EAST AND NORTHEAST OF THE ST-ROBERT MINE IS Rivière A GOOD INDICATION OF UNEXPLORED du Loup TERRITORY FOR MINERAL RESOURCES. -THIS TERRITORY CORRESPONDS, FOR Rang IV THE MOST PART, TO THE DOMTAR Maine, USA PRIVATE FOREST LANDS. Diamond dri
Slide 24: Regional Gravity Map Centered on the St-Robert Area
Regional gravity map centered on the St-Robert area. The main faults in the region are indicated on the map. The St-Robert mine area is located in a major tectonic transition zone.
Slide 25: Location of the Main Devonian Intrusion in Southern Beauce Area
LOCATION OF THE MAIN DEVONIAN INTRUSION IN SOUTHERN BEAUCE AREA (QC) Stratigraphical column
Slide 26: Local Geology and Metallogeny
LOCAL GEOLOGY AND METALLOGENY Simplified geology of the St-Robert property. The Simplified geological model of a porphyry magnetic anomaly is interpreted as associated with the deposit associated with a felsic intrusion. presence of a relatively shallow magnetic intrusive Note the presence of proxim
Slide 27: Exploration Model for the St-Robert Area
EXPLORATION MODEL FOR THE ST-ROBERT AREA Polymetallic quartz veins with scheelite (W) South zones, Central and North zones. Deeper sectors to explore (2023- +). Deep mineralized zone may contain wolframite (W) and possibly Cu , Mo or Sn. Li et al., 2022; Ore Geology Reviews Volume 142, March 2022
Slide 28: Mineral Potential of the St-Robert Property Area
MINERAL POTENTIAL OF THE ST-ROBERT PROPERTY AREA In 1958, the engineer Lacombe carried out a resource calculation on the property. Based on the results of drilling and underground workings, he determined that for the first 180 meters (600 feet) of depth, the three mineralized zones (South, Centre an
Slide 29: Location of South, Central and North Mineralized Zones
Zones minéralisées et veines Location of South, Central and Tunnel North mineralized zones and Lee main polymetallic quartz veins " / périmètre du levé zone (in red) on the St-Robert gravimétrique Nord property. Tunnel Location of the main rock Lacombe / " outcrops is shown on the map. zone Rt e Cen
Slide 30: Summary Table of Historical Resources Calculated by Lacombe (1958)
SUMMARY TABLE OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES CALCULATED BY LACOMBE (1958) South Central North Zone Zone Zone
Slide 31: Historical Resources and Ore Value Assessment Based on Metal Prices in 2023
HISTORICAL RESOURCES AND ORE VALUE ASSESSMENT BASED ON METAL PRICES IN 2023 Projet St-Robert : Estimation de ressources historiques selon Lacombe (1958), valeurs tirées d'Athurion (2013) Prix des métaux 2023 USD Pb: 2189 USD / MT tonnes métriques Ag: 24,23 USD/Troy oz Once Troy WO3: 325 USD / MT Bi:
Slide 32: In 1958, Twelve Barrels of Concentrate Were Produced
In 1958, twelve barrels of concentrate were produced. These concentrates were sent to Germany. The first shipment of 5.4 tons contained: 60% Pb, 350 - 400 oz/t Ag, 0.1 - 0.5 oz/t Au 4 to 5% Bi. At that time, the St. Robert ore concentrate worth $197.46 / t. Recovery was in the order of 83% for Pb, 8
Slide 33: St-Robert Metals Corp. Mine Site in 1957
St-Robert Metals Corp. mine site in 1957. Picture taken from Frédéric (1983).
Slide 34: Quartz Vein Mineralizations
QUARTZ VEIN MINERALIZATIONS Mineralization on the St-Robert property is polymetallic. They occur mainly in quartz veins and enclosing rocks in the Central, South and North zones, but also in certain porphyry dykes and fractures. In order of abundance, the minerals present on the property are pyrite
Slide 35: Field Observations
FIELD OBSERVATIONS Polymetallic quartz veins (South Zone) Pictures form Athurion (2013) Polymetallic quartz veins (Central Zone)
Slide 36: Polymetallic Quartz Vein and Sulphide Mineralisations
POLYMETALLIC QUARTZ VEIN AND SULPHIDE MINERALISATIONS Pictures form Athurion (2013)
Slide 37: Scheelite Mineralization
SCHEELITE MINERALIZATION ALTERED PORPHYRIC DYKE Pictures form Athurion (2013)
Slide 38: Scheelite Mineralization in the South Mineralized Zone
Scheelite mineralization in the South mineralized Zone Quartz vein containing scheelite (2 cm crystals) in borehole SR-12b Scheelite mineralization in the Central mineralized Zone Quartz vein and breccia containing scheelite in borehole SR-12-H1
Slide 39: St-Robert Metal's Cosalite Needles
St-Robert Metal’s Cosalite needles Cosalite: Pb2Bi2S5 1.25 mm
Slide 40: Local Geology and Geophysics
LOCAL GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS Magnetic map (magnetic porphyric intrusive) Magnetic porphyric intrusive and South, Central and North mineralized zones
Slide 41: Tungsten
Tungsten : Assays performed on numerous drill holes on the St-Robert property have often considered only gold, and occasionally silver or tungsten. These analyses were carried out only on mineralized quartz veins, and very rarely on enclosing rocks. Scheelite is mainly found in porphyry dykes, as de
Slide 42: Bismuth (Bi)
Bismuth (Bi): Very few holes were drilled in the northern zone due to access difficulties. We did, however, observe very good Bi concentrations during channel sampling in this zone. In North America, Bismuth is a fairly rare element, often present in small quantities. The St-Robert property may also
Slide 43: Electrical Chargeability Anomalies Observed During the Induced Polarization Survey
Electrical chargeability anomalies observed during the induced polarization survey by Phoenix Geophysics Inc. Maps for different dipoles (depths) indicate the presence of zones potentially rich in disseminated sulfides. These anomalies, located on Domtar's properties, will need to be drilled.
Slide 44: 2D Inversion Model of Line 20-East
2D inversion model of line 20-East (St-Robert property). Variation curves for the Bouguer anomaly (analytical signal), the total magnetic field, VLF data (Fraser filtered data) and first vertical derivative of the total magnetic field, are shown above the audiomagnetotelluric section.
Slide 45: Sisson Brook and Mount Pleasant Are Considered to Have Economically Viable Reserves
Sisson Brook and Mount Pleasant are considered to have economically viable reserves of tungsten and associated metals. Modèle géologique simplifié d’un gisement porphyrique associé à une masse intrusive. Notez la présence de minéralisations proximales près du pluton et de minéralisations filoniennes
Slide 46: Gold in the Southern Beauce Region?
GOLD IN THE SOUTHERN BEAUCE REGION ?
Slide 47: The Frontenac Formation, as Well as Other Siluro-Devonian Formations
The Frontenac Formation, as well as other Siluro-Devonian formations in the region, contain numerous gold-bearing mineralizations, as evidenced by the Marsboro, Marston, Piopolis, du Loup and Armstrong gold showings (in bedrock). Highly significant gold concentrations have also been reported in the
Slide 48: Gold in the Siluro-Devonian (Beauce-Sud)
Portage, and ruisseau du camp gold placers GOLD IN THE SILURO-DEVONIAN (BEAUCE-SUD) Bella fault Devonian St-Théophile granitoids Amstrong-Sud St-Robert Metals Mine gold showing Fm de Du Loup Marsboro, Marston, Frontenac gold Piopolis gold showings showing USA Rivière Bergeron Gold placer Source des
Slide 49: Conceptual Exploration Model for Gold-in-Rock Exploration
CONCEPTUAL EXPLORATION MODEL FOR GOLD-IN-ROCK EXPLORATION Favourable regional geological unit: Frontenac Fm Favourable structures: Bella fault and other sub-parallel faults, anticlinal folds Other favourable geological context: System of porphyry-realted granophile hydrothermal systems
Slide 50: Geological Context Favourable to the Presence of Orogenic Gold Deposits
GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT FAVOURABLE TO THE PRESENCE OF OROGENIC GOLD DEPOSITS IN THE FRONTENAC FORMATION -Primary and/or diagenetic sulphides in the Frontenac Fm (e.g. Domtar quarry 1) -> Local source of metals such as As and Au available to form deposits Metal-binding organic matter (O.M.): Over time, th
Slide 51: The Presence of Primary or Diagenetic Sulfides
-The presence of primary or diagenetic sulfides in volcano-sedimentary or sedimentary units (and early metal enrichment) is an important step in the process of forming later metal deposits such as orogenic gold deposits. -These early metals need to be leached, concentrated and transported into more
Slide 52: Porosity and Permeability of Antiform Folds
Porosity and permeability of antiform folds ‘’ Saddle Reef ‘’ The Saddle Reef gold deposit model is probably the most appropriate for orogenic-gold exploration in the Soutern Beauce area.
Slide 53: Geological Observations (2022)
GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS (2022) -The sedimentary rocks of the Frontenac Formation were affected by deformation related to the Acadian orogeny. -These deformations are responsible for the folding of rocks and the formation of faults and other structural discontinuities favourable to the focused transp
Slide 54: Les concentrés économiques de tungstène doivent contenir 65% de WO3
Les concentrés économiques de tungstène doivent contenir 65% de WO3 dans un concentré de wolframite et 60% de * Dans ce texte, sauf indication contraire, les quantités sont exprimées en tonnes métriques. - 2 - WO3 dans un concentré de scheelite. Dans certains pays, le concentré de scheelite doit con
Slide 55: Tungsten is usually mined underground
Tungsten is usually mined underground. Scheelite and/or wolframite are frequently located in narrow veins which are slightly inclined and often widen with the depth. Open pit mines exist but are rare. Tungsten mines are relatively small and rarely produce more than 2000t of ore per day. Mining metho