Dow Inc. · NYSE:DOW
Dow — Technical Presentation (2011)
21 slides from Dow's technical presentation, 2011
Slide 1: Rapid HLB-Based Method for Formulating and Improving Emulsion Stability
Together we deliver. Rapid HLB-Based Method for Formulating and Improving Emulsion Stability Bonnie Pyzowski Mani Dhamdhere
Slide 2: Outline
Outline • Introduction to the HLB system • Introduction to the „Formulating Calculator‟ • Formulating a soluble oil MWF using calculator • Strategies to formulate hydrophobic amine in soluble oil and semi-synthetic MWF • Conclusions
Slide 3: Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Hydrophile Lipophile (Water-loving) (Oil-loving) • The higher the number, the more hydrophilic • The lower the number, the more lipophilic • Created to provide guidance for formulating with nonionic surfactants • Invented 56 years ago by William C. Griffin of the Atlas
Slide 4: Determine HLB Value for Oil Soluble Components
Determine HLB Value for Oil Soluble Components • Griffin‟s Mathematical Method • HLB = 20 X ((Mh /M) • Mh = molecular weight of hydrophilic groups • M = molecular weight of the whole molecule • Mono oleic acid ester (9EO)* • Non-ionic surfactant • Mh= 396 [ethylene oxide chain (OCH2CH2)9 = 396] • M
Slide 5: HLB System Calculations
HLB System Calculations • Assigns a number to ingredients you want to emulsify • Saves time in emulsifier selection • Allows formulators to calculate the required HLB for oil phase
Slide 6: Introduction to the Formulating Calculator
Introduction to the Formulating Calculator • It‟s a mathematical calculator based on HLB principles that balances formulation requirements resulting in greater emulsion stability • Demonstration using a simple MS Excel Worksheet
Slide 7: Using the 'Formulating Calculator'
Using the ‘Formulating Calculator’ • Step 1: Calculate the required HLB for oil phase • Use HLB value for each oil soluble component in the formulation • Exact HLB number is preferred vs. a range CORRGUARD EXT CORRGUARD EXT CORRGUARD EXT CORRGUARD EXT CORRGUARD EXT CORRGUARD EXT • Step 2: Calculate
Slide 8: Step 1: Determine 'Required HLB'
Step 1: Determine ‘Required HLB’ Amino alcohol 1 is 3-amino-4-octanol (3A4O) Amino alcohol 2 is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) #1 #2 #3 Component Formula HLB % Oil Soluble Component HLB Contribution of each Components in Oil Phase (%) oil phase component (HLB x column #2) Naphthenic oil 46.2 8.5
Slide 9: Step 2: Emulsifier Calculations
Step 2: Emulsifier Calculations • Recommended to use a blend of at least two emulsifiers • Blend of a low HLB (primary) and a high HLB (secondary) surfactant gives better emulsion stability • Mathematical equation to calculate usage ratio for emulsifiers: • Always first calculate the higher HLB emul
Slide 10: Emulsifier Calculations (continued)
Emulsifier Calculations (continued) • First formulate at the required HLB • Formulators have the flexibility to choose the total amount of emulsifiers • Fine-tuning the formulation is recommended by varying the “Required HLB” in steps of 0.25 High HLB Emulsifier Low HLB Emulsifier Total Weight for E
Slide 11: Emulsion Stability
Emulsion Stability Formulation 7.21 7.46 7.71 7.96 8.21 HLB 1 2 3 4 5 Good emulsion The emulsion stability depends on compatibility of emulsifiers
Slide 12: Formulations with Combination of Three Emulsifiers
Formulations with Combination of Three Emulsifiers • Emulsion stability can be improved by adding a third emulsifier • EO/PO block copolymer dioleate has HLB 5 • Sodium Sulfonate HLB = 7 • Combination in 50/50 ratio of EO/PO block copolymer dioleate with sodium sulfonate • HLB value for low emulsifi
Slide 13: Formulations with a Combination of Three Emulsifiers
Formulations with a Combination of Three Emulsifiers Component HLB 1 2 3 Naphthenic Oil 8.5 46.2 46.2 46.2 Fatty Acid Polyol Ester 3.5 20.0 20.0 20.0 Fatty Acid 10.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 Aminoalcohol 1* 6.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 Aminoalcohol 2* 0.3 0.3 0.3 Natural Sodium Sulfonate 7 7.92 8.37 8.02 EO/PO Copolymer Diol
Slide 14: Formulations with Combination of Three Emulsifiers
Formulations with Combination of Three Emulsifiers Sodium Sulfonate, EO/PO copolymer Dioleate and Mono Oleic Acid Ester Mixture High HLB Emulsifier Low HLB Emulsifier Total Weight HLB Emulsifier HLB % Ratio HLB % Ratio Low HLB High HLB 6.96 11.80 16.48 6.0 83.52 20.00 16.70 3.30 7.21 11.80 20.79 6.0
Slide 15: Versatility of Calculator
Versatility of Calculator Choice of the right low HLB emulsifier helped improve the emulsion stability 1 2 3
Slide 16: Hydrophobic Amines & Strategies for Formulations
Hydrophobic Amines & Strategies for Formulations • Some longer chain amines or amino alcohols provide multifunctional benefits • Neutralization and improve pH control • Improved iron and steel corrosion • Improved performance of biocides and longevity of fluids • Drop-in replacement for hydrophilic
Slide 17: Soluble Oil MWF
Soluble Oil MWF Fluid formulated with 2% MEA @ HLB=7.30 Lower HLB requirement due to replacing a a hydrophilic amine with a lipophilic amine Fluid Emulsifier Package: reformulated with 4% 3A4O @ Sodium Sulfonate HLB=7.21 EO/PO copolymer dioleate Fatty acid alkanolamide
Slide 18: Semi-Synthetic MWF
Semi-Synthetic MWF Component TEA 3A4O #1 3A4O #2 TEA 3A4O 3A4O Naphthenic Oil 20.0 20.0 20.0 #1 #2 EO/PO Copolymer Dioleate 2.0 Oleyl Ether Carboxylic Acid 10EO 2.0 Aminoalcohol 1* 4.0 4.0 Triethanolamine (TEA) 18.0 Fluid formulated Alkanolamide 15.0 15.0 4.04 with 3A4O @ HLB=8.61 Natural Sodium Sul
Slide 19: Conclusions
Conclusions • HLB based strategies applied for formulating metalworking fluids • Allows to optimize the emulsion stability CORRGUARD™ EXT • Saves time and resources -Exceptional performance ANGUS • Quick method to evaluate the most effective emulsifiers -Enhancement of biocide Technical and • HLB st
Slide 20: References
References • Griffin, W. C.; „Calculation of HLB values of Nonionic Surfactants’, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. (1954). • Pasquali, R. C; Taurozzi, M. P; Bregni, C; „Some considerations about the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance System‟, Intl. J. Pharmaceutics 356 (2008) 44-5. • ANGUS has additional guideline
Slide 21: Thank You for Attending the Presentation
Thank You for Attending the Presentation QUESTIONS? Contact Information bapyzowski@dow.com mdhamdhere@dow.com