Nuvve Holding Corp. · NASDAQ:NVVE
Nuvve — University of Delaware — Technical Presentation (2010)
46 slides from Nuvve's technical presentation, 2010
Slide 1: Vehicle to Grid Demonstration Project
2010 Smart Grid Peer Review Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, DOE Vehicle to Grid Demonstration Project by Willett Kempton College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Carbon-free Power Integration University of Delaware
Slide 2: Purpose & Objectives
Purpose & Objectives • Create the Gri d I ntegrated V ehi cl e (GIV), then operate, permit, and test it • A nalyze vehicle use, our vehicles & large data base of 400 vehicles daily driving • A nalyze market for EVs and V2G • Develop softw are to dispatch pow er from vehicles -> Operate in real time!
Slide 3: Activities (2-year)
Activities (2-year) • Research: Driving patterns; economic value; self-learning trip predictions • Industrial: Facilitate EV retrofit operation • Purchase vehicles for UD; leverage for State Govt. (five new vehicles total) • Development: In-vehicle computer; EVSE (on-w all) information and channel;
Slide 4: Why do GIV and V2G make sense?
Why do GIV and V2G make sense?
Slide 5: Basic GIV/V2G Math
Basic GIV/V2G Math • US car used 1 hour/ day, parked 23 h/ d • Battery 100 mi, daily travel = 30 mi, thus • Drive train output = 100 kW • Practical pow er via US grid = 10 - 20 kW • Cars as significant pow er capacity? Compare: • US generation ~1000 GW, avg. load ~450 GW • US light vehicles: 200 mil
Slide 6: Applications Niche
Applications Niche • Storage at the low -voltage end of the distribution system • 15 kW & 30 kWh means ~1 hr discharge thus capacity markets, not energy • Second use of customer equipment, thus capital costs are controls • Operating cost is payment to driver as incentive to stay plugged in, plus com
Slide 7: Capital Cost of Distributed Capacity and Storage
Capital Cost of Distributed Capacity and Storage • Capital cost is on-board intelligence plus communications, now ~$400 • For example, an EV w ith 15 kW, 30 kWh • Capacity cost: $27/ kW • Storage cost: $13/ kWh
Slide 8: Analysis: Driving patterns
Analysis: Driving patterns
Slide 9: Driving Patterns
Driving Patterns • Large vehicle data base analyzed • 1 H z-resolution, year-long, 400 vehicles • Example results on follow ing graphs • Reference: Pearre, Kempton, Guensler, Elango, “Electric Vehicles: H ow M uch Range is Required for a Day’s Driving?” (Revised manuscri pt, submitted w ith revision
Slide 10: Finding: A segment that doesn't drive far
Finding: A segment that doesn’t drive far Vast majority of driving is << 100 miles/ day Longest tri p of year: 8% never go > 100 miles/ day; 18% never > 150
Slide 11: Analysis: Market for EVs
Analysis: Market for EVs
Slide 12: Analysis of market
Analysis of market • EV market: w hat is value of EV attributes needed for V2G and GIV? • Survey of 3029 adult car buyers • Contingent valuation, value of individual EV attributes: range, charging speed, V2G contract, etc, etc • Segment into gasoline (GV) and electric vehicle (EV) classes, roughly 6
Slide 13: Findings: Value of EV Attributes
Findings: Value of EV Attributes WTP for range, relative to 75 miles range. Range GV-class EV-class 75 mi 0 0 150 mi $3,894 $7,349 200 mi $5,723 $12,757 300 mi $7,670 $17,748 Source: H idrue, Parsons, Kempton & Gardner, “Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and for their attributes”, U Delaw are
Slide 14: Findings: Value of EV Attributes
Findings: Value of EV Attributes WTP for faster charge of 50 miles, relative to 10 hours. Charge Time GV-class EV-class 10 hours 0 0 5 hours $4,720 $971 1 hour $5,900 $7,626 10 min. $6,490 $11,093 Source: H idrue, Parsons, Kempton & Gardner, “Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and for their at
Slide 15: Implications for GIV/V2G
Implications for GIV/V2G • M arket for 100 mile range EVs -- today • Drivers w ill w ant 10 - 20 kW charge rate, do-able w ith 40 - 80 amp 240 volt • With ~15 kW charge, ancillary services can gross ~$3,000/ year in high value markets
Slide 16: Manufacturing
Manufacturing
Slide 17: Production: EV with GIV
Production: EV with GIV vehicles made with integrated GIV and V2G built in Capacity: 5 - 1,000 per year
Slide 18: UD Developed GIV components
UD Developed GIV components
Slide 19: Three Components of GIV
Three Components of GIV • VSL: Vehicle Smart Link (in car) • Control charging, report to server • Know s or predicts next trips and times • EVSE: Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment • Grid location, internet portal, pow er connection, interconnect permit • A ggregation Server • Real time operation of
Slide 20: Vehicle Smart Link (VSL)
Vehicle Smart Link (VSL)
Slide 21: Vehicle Smart Link (VSL) in Car
Vehicle Smart link (VSL) in Car • N o moving parts, fits • Well-defined interfaces to under dash; automotive OEM systems grade • Gets grid location and authorizations from EVSE • Reports capacity to aggregator • A ttempt to predict next use of car (time, distance)
Slide 22: EVSE
EVSE
Slide 23: Design Criteria for EVSE
Design Criteria for EVSE • Comply w ith SA E J1772 • Store on EVSE: A uthorization, grid location (distribution transformer, feeder, etc) • For backfeeding, need 100% reliable grid location • Direct w ire: car to EVSE (e.g. CA N or serial) • Single utility visit, inspector puts an encrypted authoriz
Slide 24: EVSE prototype now being field tested
EVSE prototype now being field tested
Slide 25: EVSE prototype now being field tested
EVSE prototype now being field tested With EV simulator
Slide 26: Vehicle Aggregation Server
Vehicle Aggregation Server
Slide 27: Design of Aggregator
Design of Aggregator • Provides a single, large, stable and reliable pow er source • TSO does not see details of single cars, only sees aggregate • A ggregator bids capacity in TSO market • Dispatches dispatch requests to vehicles • Reports actual pow er dispatched
Slide 28: Aggregator software manages complexity
Aggregator software manages complexity • Insure each vehicle is has enough charge for next trip, then... • Calculate how much remaining capacity to offer in the market • Dispatch ISO/ TSO regulation service requests • A nd other services ...
Slide 29: Slide 29
Slide 30: Results: Aggregator
Vehicle to Grid -- Coalition Server University of Delaware Coalition Status Power Capacity Power Capacity Power Power Energy Energy 'so Up (KW) Down (kW) Requested (kW) Provided (kW) Charge (kWh) Empty (kWh) Number of Cars PJM 49.37 49.37 -14.80 -15.81 104.30 35.70 4 CAL-ISO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Slide 31: Results: Very fast response
Results: Very fast response • Power response is very close to command signal. • Far higher fidelity than any rotating equipment.
Slide 32: Interconnect Policy
Interconnect Policy
Slide 33: Permitted by Load-Serving Entity (local utility)
Permitted by Load-Serving Entity (local utility)
Slide 34: Permitted by Load-Serving Entity (local utility)
Permitted by Load-Serving Entity (local utility) “meets IEEE 1547 standards”
Slide 35: Law to codify interconnects, net metering for V2G
Law to codify interconnects, net metering for V2G Define: A ggregator Grid-integrated electric vehicle
Slide 36: law to codify interconnects
law to codify interconnects N et metering for V2G N et is at rate at time of use Interconnection requirements, etc same as distributed renew ables
Slide 37: Patents
Patents
Slide 38: Patents
Patents • Patent A pplications, 2007-2010: • U.S. Patent A pplication Publication N os. 2007/ 0282495 A 1 "System and M ethod for A ssessing Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Integration" filed M ay 2007 (UD; Kempton and Tomic) • U.S. Patent application publication N o. "H ierarchical Priority and Control A lgo
Slide 39: Thanks to our sponsors
Thanks to our sponsors
Slide 40: Qelawate -
Qelawate - Sereeemees CNET Maat? OFFICE google. org / Pepco Holdings. Ine = Los Angeles Vv7_| Department of ©] Water & Power foe ia Environmental Protection Agency _ = NR RESOURCES BOARD
Slide 41: Thanks to the UD Teams that did all this
Thanks to the UD Teams that did all this
Slide 42: Policy, Partnerships, System Analysis
Policy, Partnerships, System Analysis
Slide 43: Electrical Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Slide 44: Economics and Marketing
Economics and Marketing
Slide 45: Computer & Information Systems
Computer & Information Systems
Slide 46: END
END More information: www.udel.edu/V2G www.magicconsortium.org
University of Delaware — Technical Presentation (2010) on 6ix