Jacobs Solutions Inc. · NYSE:J

Jacobs Solutions — Technical Presentation (May 2023)

74 slides from Jacobs Solutions's technical presentation, May 2, 2023

1. Slide 1: Jacobs In the kNOW

   Jacobs In the kNOW For the best viewing experience, please use Microsoft Teams desktop or mobile app. If you are on a browser, we recommend that you use Google Chrome​. Please note that this session is automatically recorded for marketing purposes. To enable a more interactive session, the live Q&A

2. Slide 2: Closing the loop: Biosolids treatment for maximum resource recovery and carbon neutrality

   Closing the loop: Biosolids treatment for maximum resource recovery and carbon neutrality In the kNOW Webinar Series May 2, 2023

3. Slide 3: Agenda

   Agenda Introductions Adaptive System Planning Advanced Digestion Thermal Technologies Resource Recovery Opportunities Live Q&A 3 ©Jacobs 2023

4. Slide 4: Introduction

   Introduction Colin Newbery

5. Slide 5: About Jacobs In the kNOW webinars

   Introductions by Colin Newbery About Jacobs In the kNOW webinars Introduction Delivers the latest information on the hottest topics trending in the water sector. Each webinar includes case studies and firsthand experiences with the featured topics presented by the foremost water industry experts. Th

6. Slide 6: Meet our presenters

   Introductions by Colin Newbery Speakers Meet our presenters Facilitator Speakers Peter Burrowes, P. Eng Gokul Bharambe Jacobs Technical Director, Jacobs Senior Fellow Jacobs Technical Director, Biosolids and Resource Technical Engineer, Biosolids Water Asia Recovery, ANZ and Resource Recovery, Canad

7. Slide 7: Meet our presenters

   Introductions by Colin Newbery Our speakers Meet our presenters ▪ 47 years experience ▪ 18 years of experience ▪ Global leadership in Process ▪ Technical Director – Resource Engineering at Jacobs recovery, ANZ ▪ SME in thermal and ▪ Expertise in: biological treatment of − Adaptive system planning, o

8. Slide 8: Adaptive System Planning

   Adaptive System Planning

9. Slide 9: Development of World Cities

   = SBE Manchener Rack Development of World Cities =S= Munich Re Group World Cities exceeding 5 million residents Data source: aye iss U.N. Population Division a.

10. Slide 10: Development of World Cities

    Manchener Rirck Development of World Cities Munich Re Group World Cities exceeding 5 million residents £ Data source: sre U.N. Population Division Tas. a

11. Slide 11: Development of World Cities

    Manchener Rick Development of World Cities == Munich Re Group World Cities exceeding 5 million residents Data source: # U.N. Population Division “"=*—

12. Slide 12: Disruptive Approaches are Needed to go from Treatment to Product Recovery

    Disruptive Approaches are Needed to go from Treatment to Product Recovery ? Biorefinery Metals Biofuels Sustainability & Increasing Biofplastics Bioplastic Human Survival Level of Chemicals Disruption Nutrient, Energy, √ Water Used Water √ Nitrification TN & TP Wastewater Environmental Treatment √ N

13. Slide 13: Solids Processing is an integral part of a Circular Economy

    Solids Processing is an integral part of a Circular Economy Biosolids Nutrients Energy Water 13 ©Jacobs 2023

14. Slide 14: Biosolids Adaptive System Planning: Decision Making by Balancing Multiple Objectives

    Biosolids Adaptive System Planning: Decision Making by Balancing Multiple Objectives • Circular Economy (Waste to Resource) Economic • Revenue (Waste receiving, Value of resources) • Cost (Capital, Operating, Life Cycle Cost) Feasibility • Adaptability to changing economic conditions • Regulatory Re

15. Slide 15: Adaptive System Planning - example

    Adaptive System Planning - example NZ2 (Electricity), 2035 Not available (KVR alignment NZ4 (Nitrous Oxide), 2035 NZ1 (Scope 1 and 2), 2025 NZ3 (Methane), 2040 needed) Awaiting decision (aligned, unavailable) Ammonia Stripping Planning and business case approval Struvite Recovery (up to PBC, unavail

16. Slide 16: Adaptive System Pathway – solids handling model

    Adaptive System Pathway – solids handling model 17 ©Jacobs 2023

17. Slide 17: Adaptive System Pathway – solids handling model

    Adaptive System Pathway – solids handling model Solids Pre-Treatment Solids Stabilisation Solids Dewatering and Carbonisation Drying 18 ©Jacobs 2023

18. Slide 18: Adaptive System Pathway – solids handling model

    Adaptive System Pathway – solids handling model Biogas Handling/ Heat Balance Residual Resource Recovery 19 ©Jacobs 2023

19. Slide 19: Adaptive System Planning Outcome - Examples

    Adaptive System Planning Outcome - Examples 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 Nm3/hr 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 20 ©Jacobs 2023

20. Slide 20: Adaptive System Planning Outcome - Examples

    Adaptive System Planning Outcome - Examples 21 ©Jacobs 2023

21. Slide 21: Advanced Digestion

    Advanced Digestion ©Jacobs 2023

22. Slide 22: High Performance Solids Processing is at the Heart of Resource Recovery from Wastewater

    High Performance Solids Processing is at the Heart of Resource Recovery from Wastewater Biosolids (Fertilizer, Fuel) Ammonia Recovery Phosphorus (Fertilizer) Energy Wastewater (Heat, Power, Fuel) FOG and Organic Waste Biosolids, Nutrients, Energy, Water (BNEW) Recovery Facility Water (Reclaimed) 23

23. Slide 23: Biosolids as a Resource

    Biosolids as a Resource Alkaline Biosolids Lime Land Application Stabilization Compost Wet Cake Composting Dewatering Facility Amendment Manufactured Soil Dryer Thickened Sludge Fertilizer or Storage Fuel Anaerobic Dewatering Digestion Biochar Pyrolysis Kiln Dewatering Ash (Landfill) 24 Incineration

24. Slide 24: Anaerobic Digestion is a Major Route for Recovering Energy from Influent Carbon

    Anaerobic Digestion is a Major Route for Recovering Energy from Influent Carbon Mainstream Treatment Process Plant Plant Influent Effluent A D Primary WAS Anaerobic Sludge B digestion (Influent Carbon) B C To Dewatering & Disposal A B C D Carbon Diversion WAS Biodegradability Advanced AD External Ca

25. Slide 25: Energy Conversion and Resource Recovery

    Energy Conversion and Resource Recovery 26 ©Jacobs 2023

26. Slide 26: Future of Anaerobic Digestion

    Future of Anaerobic Digestion ▪ High Performance (mesophilic, thermophilic) ▪ Hydrolysis (thermal, microbial) ▪ Co-Digestion ▪ Digestion combined with thermal process ▪ Anaerobic side-stream treatment ▪ Anaerobic full-stream treatment 27 ©Jacobs 2023

27. Slide 27: Co-digestion

    Co-digestion ▪ Simultaneous digestion of two or more substrates ▪ Why co-digest? Sewage sludge Parameters Food Waste (Conventional) Micro-nutrients Buffer capacity Digestibility Percent solids Carbon : Nitrogen Carbon source Ammonia toxicity 28 ©Jacobs 2023

28. Slide 28: Profitable Operation from Co-Digestion

    Profitable Operation from Co-Digestion SELL GAS TO LOCAL PRODUCE REVENUE COLLECT INDUSTRY HEAT AND POWER TIPPING FEES FOR USE AT PLANT Net Profit = Revenues – Costs ORGANIC BIOSOLIDS WASTE + MUNICIPAL SLUDGE ORGANIC BIOGAS WASTE- SOLIDS COSTS WASTE TREATMENT WATER PROCESSING RECEIVING AND CHP TREATM

29. Slide 29: Advanced Digestion Technology Selection Drivers

    Advanced Digestion Technology Selection Drivers Increase in VSD Process Ease of and Biogas Intensification implementation production Non Proprietary or Maturity of Proprietary with Operability Technology multiple vendors Improved Scale Dewatering Performance 31 ©Jacobs 2023

30. Slide 30: Why Hydrolysis: Rate Limiting Step

    Why Hydrolysis Rate Limiting Step 32 ©Jacobs 2023

31. Slide 31: Hydrolysis process – key Mechanism

    Hydrolysis process – key Mechanism ▪ Focused on floc disintegration and cell lysis ▪ From cell wall damage to full cell disruption depending on energy intensity ▪ Increased digestion rates & stability ▪ Increased volatile solids reduction (VSr) ▪ Increased biogas production ▪ Reduced solids for dewa

32. Slide 32: Thermal Hydrolysis-Mechanism

    Thermal Hydrolysis-Mechanism 34 ©Jacobs 2023

33. Slide 33: Benefits of Thermal Hydrolysis

    Benefits of Thermal Hydrolysis Allows significantly increased loading to digester Lower viscosity liquid sludge (easier to pump) Improved volatile solids destruction & digester biogas increase Improved dewatering performance Reduce quantity of solids requiring further handling Lower odor product wit

34. Slide 34: 2 pulper 2 flash Tank design- Woodman Point

    2 pulper 2 flash Tank design- Woodman Point 36 ©Jacobs 2023

35. Slide 35: 2 pulper 2 flash Tank design – Woodman Point

    2 pulper 2 flash Tank design – Woodman Point 37 ©Jacobs 2023

36. Slide 36: Solids Stream THP

    Solids Stream THP ▪ SolidStream® (after digestion) − Increased biogas production (20-30%) − Better dewaterability (40-60% DS) − Reduced cake volume (65%) 38 ©Jacobs 2023

37. Slide 37: Enhancing Anaerobic Digestion Performance with the Microbial Hydrolysis Process (MHP) using C. bescii

    Enhancing Anaerobic Digestion Performance with the Microbial Hydrolysis Process (MHP) using C. bescii. What is the Microbial Where and how did What were our How can this be Hydrolysis Process we test MHP using C. findings? applied at full-scale? (MHP) and C. bescii? bescii? ©Jacobs 2023

38. Slide 38: Anaerobic Digestion enhancement with the Microbial Hydrolysis Process (MHP)

    Anaerobic Digestion enhancement with the Microbial Hydrolysis Process (MHP) using C. bescii bacterium. Biogas VFA → Biogas Thickened Anaerobic Biosolids Sludge Digestion Mesophilic (40°C) Thermophilic (55°C) VS → VFAs MHP 2-day HRT pH: ~7.0 Hyper-thermophilic (72-78°C) ©Jacobs 2023

39. Slide 39: MHP is compatible with all AD processes, including THP

    MHP is compatible with all AD processes, including the thermal hydrolysis process (THP) More Biogas THP VFA → Biogas Thickened Anaerobic Less Biosolids Sludge Digestion (optional) Mesophilic (40°C) Thermophilic (55°C) Hyper-thermophilic (75°C) VS → VFAs MHP 2-day HRT pH: ~7.0 ©Jacobs 2023

40. Slide 40: C. bescii is a hyper-thermophilic anaerobic bacteria

    C. bescii is a hyper-thermophilic anaerobic bacteria that is capable of hydrolysing recalcitrant organic materials. ▪ Caldicellulosiruptorbescii (C. bescii) was isolated in a geothermally heated freshwater pool in Russia in 1990 ▪ Thrives at 75°C ▪ Hydrolyzes cellulose and other recalcitrant organic

41. Slide 41: MHP using C. bescii has been tested at both lab-and pilot-scale

    MHP using C. bescii has been tested at both lab-and pilot-scale Lab Scale Pilot Scale 10-L Digesters and 5-L 1200-L Digesters and 500-L Hydrolysis Tank Hydrolysis Tanks ©Jacobs 2023

42. Slide 42: Addition of MHP increased anaerobic digestion performance

    In summary, the addition of MHP increased anaerobic digestion performance from good VSR (~60%) to great VSR (>75%). Facility Digestion Existing Method Control Test Performance Performance Performance VSR VSR VSR Gresham WWTP Mesophilic AD 60% Lab-scale 70% 80% Gresham, OR with FOG Attributed to C. b

43. Slide 43: MHP at a 300,000 PE WRRF

    For a conventional AD system at a 300,000 PE WRRF: Applying MHP can result in a total value of 450,000 $/yr Biogas w/o MHP: 340 m3/h 40% More Biogas Biogas with MHP: 480 m3/h TS: 8.9 dry tonnes/day w/o MHP Thickened TS: 6.5 dry tonnes/day with MHP MHP Anaerobic Sludge Digestion 30% Less Biosolids TS

44. Slide 44: MHP Feasibility at Woodman Point

    MHP Feasibility at Woodman Point Electricity Natural Gas Flare Biogas Biogas Treatment Digested Primary Sludge Digester Tank MHP WAS Pre-Dewatering THP PS Post- Biosolids Dewatering 49 Steam ©Jacobs 2023

45. Slide 45: Thermal Processes

    Thermal Processes Applications and benefits

46. Slide 46: Why Choose Thermal Technologies

    Why Choose Thermal Technologies ▪ To reduce the quantity of biosolids produced ▪ To recover and utilise thermal energy ▪ To produce an alternate product ▪ To produce Class A product ▪ To destroy PFAS 51 ©Jacobs 2023

47. Slide 47: Different Combustion Technologies

    Different Combustion Technologies Incineration (900-1200°C) Ash 54 ©Jacobs 2023

48. Slide 48: Incineration / Thermal Oxidation

    PNI Process Diagram 2 Incineration / Thermal Oxidation Start Up Heater Skid Fixed Carbon Bed Absorber Compressed Air Exhaust Gas Duct CEMS Sand High Pressure Storage Service Water Water Pump Gas Demister Stack Heat Re-heater Sand Exchangers Sludge Primary Sludge Dewatering Purge Blower Service Water

49. Slide 49: Bubbling Fluidized Bed Boiler – Hong Kong Example: Technical Data

    Bubbling Fluidized Bed Boiler – Hong Kong Example: Technical Data 58 ©Jacobs 2023

50. Slide 50: Typical Energy Balance R2E2 – 2035 Maximum Month Load

    Typical Energy Balance R2E2 – 2035 Maximum Month Load Thermal Oil Thermal Oil Digester and Plant Heating EHRU 2 EHRU 1 Economizer Heater 733 kW 733 kW 4,455 kW 3,517 kW Thermal Oil Loop Jacket Water Exhaust Thermal Hot Water 1,524 kW 3 1,030 kW 3 ( 1,465 kW )4 Oil ( 2,169 kW )4 Building HX Thermal W

51. Slide 51: Green Bay's R2E2 BioThermal System with Anaerobic Digestion and Incineration

    Green Bay’s R2E2 BioThermal System with Anaerobic Digestion and Incineration 60 ©Jacobs 2023

52. Slide 52: Pyrolysis Process

    Pyrolysis Process • Thermal conversion of carbon-based materials, in absence of air or oxygen into syngas and biochar • It requires an indirect source of heat 62 ©Jacobs 2023

53. Slide 53: Gasification Process

    Gasification Process • Thermal conversion of carbon-based materials, with a limited supply of air or oxygen (sub- stoichiometric), into syngas and biochar • It requires a direct source of heat that is generated by the partial oxidation of a small amount of the carbon- based material 63 ©Jacobs 2023

54. Slide 54: PFAS Destroying Technologies Significantly Reduce Hauling and Beneficial Use Costs

    PFAS Destroying Technologies Significantly Reduce Hauling and Beneficial Use Costs! 64 ©Jacobs 2023

55. Slide 55: Biochar from Bioforcetech Corp.

    Biochar from Bioforcetech Corp. ▪ One set of samples 2019, confirmed in 2020 ▪ Pyrolysis at 1100⁰F (600⁰C) PFOA =89.1 & All ND PFOS = 26.3 @ 2ppb ▪ We know soil sampling needs to be above 1000⁰C for destruction of PFAS 65 ©Jacobs 2023

56. Slide 56: Jacobs and CharTech Bench Scale Pyrolysis Testing in 2020

    Jacobs and CharTech Bench Scale Pyrolysis Testing in 2020 ▪ A continuously-fed bench-scale pyrolysis kiln unit (known as “Baby MFR”) processing 500g dried biosolids at 500°C and 700°C ▪ Bench study completed at ICFAR (Western University Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources) ▪

57. Slide 57: PFAS Testing Results Before and After Pyrolysis

    PFAS Testing Results Before and After Pyrolysis PFAS Mass and % Reductions out of 20 ug PFAS in biosolids 20.0 PFAS Compound Concentrations 30 18.0 95.6% 8:2 FTS 26.6 6:2 FTS 16.0 84.4% PFOS 4:2 FTS 25 10:2 F 14.0 PFBS Total PFAS (ug) PFHxS 12.0 20 PFTrDA PFOS 10.0 PFPeS ug/Kg dry EtFOSA 8.0 500'C 1

58. Slide 58: Gasification / Pyrolysis Facilities in Various Stages of Implementation

    Gasification / Pyrolysis Facilities in Various Stages of Implementation Size Facility Vendor Drying / Thermal Process Status (Wet tonne/day) Silicon Valley Clean Water, CA, Bioforcetec (Pyreg)1 Biodrying / Pyrolysis 20 Operating Since 2017 USA Biodrying / Pyrolysis Ephrata, PA, USA Bioforcetec (Pyre

59. Slide 59: Pyrolysis / Gasification Suppliers

    Pyrolysis / Gasification Suppliers Pyreg 71 ©Jacobs 2023

60. Slide 60: Supercritical Water Oxidation

    Supercritical Water Oxidation Pilot at Durham, NC (ESTCP Project to treat AFFF) https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=AQMSn Ryih48 72 ©Jacobs 2023

61. Slide 61: Sludge to liquid biofuel

    Sludge to liquid biofuel 75 ©Jacobs 2023

62. Slide 62: Hydrothermal Processing Demonstration Facility

    Hydrothermal Processing Demonstration Facility TWSS Mixed Sludge Tanks TSPS Utilities (C1,C2,C3) eT Power Supply Foul Air Treatment Legend: ISBL = Inside Battery Limits OSBL = Outside Battery Limits TSPS = Thickened Screened Primary Sludge TWSS = Thickened Waste Secondary Sludge * Off-Gas Pressure R

63. Slide 63: Hydrothermal Processing Demonstration Facility

    Hydrothermal Processing Demonstration Facility 77 ©Jacobs 2023

64. Slide 64: Resource Recovery

    Resource Recovery This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

65. Slide 65: Resource Recovery

    Resource Recovery ▪ P recovery – Ostara, from Ash ▪ Ammonia recovery – impact on N2O emissions ▪ Biomethanation ▪ Degassing – fugitive methane emission reduction 80 ©Jacobs 2023

66. Slide 66: Benefits of Nutrient Recovery

    Benefits of Nutrient Recovery ▪ Helps WWTPs meet discharge limits: ▪ Effluent recovery ▪ Reduced sidestream loading ▪ Produces a sustainable and beneficial byproduct ▪ Revenue generation for a utility from sale of the fertilizer product ▪ Controls and mitigates scaling or fouling of equipment from d

67. Slide 67: Nutrient Recovery at WWTPs

    Nutrient Recovery at WWTPs Primary Final Clarifier Clarifier Aerobic RAS Primary Sludge WAS Anaerobic N and P Digester recovery Dewatering P recovery Ash Centrate/Filtrate Incineration N and P recovery 82 ©Jacobs 2023

68. Slide 68: Convert Problem into Opportunity

    Convert Problem into Opportunity Struvite Recovered as a finished product 84 ©Jacobs 2023

69. Slide 69: P Recovery

    P Recovery Feature Ostara Pearl® NuReSys Phospaq Crystalactor Airprex Completely Type of Fluidized Bed Stirred Tank CSTR FBR CSTR reactor Reactor (FBR) Reactor (CSTR) Point of Centrate/Filtrate; Centrate/ Digested Centrate/Filtrate Centrate/Filtrate Recovery digested sludge Filtrate sludge 85-95% P

70. Slide 70: Ammonia Recovery

    Ammonia Recovery ▪ Steam Stripping / Thermal stripping ▪ Membrane Ion exchange ▪ Membrane separation ▪ Air stripping – increasing pH Organics Group: Thermal stripping ammonia recovery 86 ©Jacobs 2023

71. Slide 71: Biomethanation

    Biomethanation ▪ Produces high-value product ▪ Replaces natural gas with renewable energy ▪ Multiple vendors available ▪ Widely applied in the Europe ▪ Multiple Technologies available: − Water Wash − Pressure Swing Adsorption − Membrane separation https://arena.gov.au/blog/biogas-time-to-start-cooki

72. Slide 72: Degassing of Digested Biosolids

    Degassing of Digested Biosolids ▪ Recovery of methane ▪ Additional biogas for co-generation and reduces fugitive methane emission ▪ Can remove struvite, resulting in Improved dewatering 88 ©Jacobs 2023

73. Slide 73: Process flow with THP and degassing

    Electricity Natural Gas Flare Biogas Biogas Treatment Digested Primary Sludge Digester Tank WAS Pre-Dewatering THP Degassing System PS Post- Biosolids Dewatering 89 Steam ©Jacobs 2023

74. Slide 74: Challenging today. Reinventing tomorrow.

    a b Challenging today. waco Ss Reinventing tomorrow.

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