Agfa-gevaert Nv · EURONEXT:AGFB
Agfa-gevaert Nv — Technical Presentation (April 2008)
47 slides from Agfa-gevaert Nv's technical presentation, Apr 1, 2008
Slide 1: Basic Photography in phototooling
Basic Photography in phototooling
Slide 2: Eric Janssens, Business Manager PCB, Agfa Gevaert NV
Eric Janssens Business Manager PCB Agfa Gevaert NV Materials Business Classics Mortsel Belgium eric.janssens@agfa.com Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 2
Slide 3: Phototooling in PCB production
Phototooling in PCB production Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 3
Slide 4: Phototooling in PCB production
Phototooling in PCB production PCB industry world wide in 2007: Turn over: 47,2 billion USD Finished PCB’s: 295 mio sqm AgX film: 15,2 mio sqm Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 4
Slide 5: First law of chemistry
First law of chemistry z Alkali + Acid → Salt + Water z NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen cloride → sodium cloride + water + = + Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 5
Slide 6: Silver Salts
Silver Salts z AgX • X = Cl, Br, I z AgX is a weak compound • breaks easily down under the influence of energy • energy: temperature, pressure, light,... z AgX + hν → Ag + X • Ag is metallic silver (black) • X can be washed out • AgX can be dissolved in certain chemicals (fixer) Eric Janssens March
Slide 7: Basic photography
Basic photography z Build AgX crystals (conglomerate of AgX compounds) z Layer of AgX crystals on a plate z Expose the plate to light (in camera, imager, plotter, ….) • AgX in exposed crystals turn to Ag + X • Non exposed crystals are unaffected z Dissolve AgX crystals in a fixer z Wash out X and dr
Slide 8: Problem 1: exposure time
Problem 1: exposure time z Problem 1: • exposure takes several minutes z Solution: amplification of the effect of light (developer) z Principle: • crystals which were exposed have some Ag atoms • immerse in a chemistry that: - breaks down completely any AgX crystal starting at the Ag atom (amplifica
Slide 9: Problem 1: exposure time
Problem 1: exposure time AgX crystal Exposure Development hν Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 9
Slide 10: Problem 2: infectious development
Problem 2: infectious development z Problem 2: • when crystals touch one another the development goes on from crystal to crystal to crystal • the complete image turns black Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 10
Slide 11: Problem 2: infectious development
Problem 2: infectious development Development Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 11
Slide 12: Problem 2: infectious development
Problem 2: infectious development z Problem 2: • when crystals touch one another the development goes on from crystal to crystal to crystal • the complete image turns black z Solution: separate crystals (put crystals is a martix so they don’t touch and development is limited to the crystals with som
Slide 13: Problem 3: mobility
Problem 3: mobility z Problem 3: • Ag atoms are “mobile” • Ag atoms are hidden in the crystals • Chemistry can not reach them hν Some later Some later Some later Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 13
Slide 14: Problem 3: mobility
Problem 3: mobility z Problem 3: • Ag atoms are “mobile” • Ag atoms are hidden in the crystals • Chemistry can not reach them z Solution: Gold at the outside of the crystals • A gold atom combines with 4 Ag atoms to form a stable nucleus Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 14
Slide 15: Problem 4: dark room conditions
Problem 4: dark room conditions z Problem 4: • film is sensitive to all colors of light • film is to be handled in absolute darkness Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 15
Slide 16: EM spectrum
EM spectrum Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 16
Slide 17: Problem 4: dark room conditions
Problem 4: dark room conditions z Problem 4: • film is sensitive to all colors of light • film to be handled in absolute darkness z Solution: Sensitiser • chemistry that captures light of a certain color • and passes the energy to a AgX compound z Remark: the AgX compounds themselves are made that u
Slide 18: Problem 5: light distribution
Problem 5: light distribution z Problem 5: • Uneven light distribution in the laser spot Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 18
Slide 19: Problem 5: light distribution
Problem 5: light distribution z Problem 5: • Left over mobile Ag atoms Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 19
Slide 20: Problem 5: light distribution
Problem 5: light distribution z Problem 5: • Au atoms can not access 4 Ag atoms • Some crystals may or may not be developed z Solution: LIEC latent image enhancement component • Chemical added to the gelatine that, when activated by the developer, attracts “lost” Ag atoms • The “lost” Ag atoms move
Slide 21: Film build up
Film build up AgX Crystals Gelatine Gold Sensitiser LIEC Base material Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 21
Slide 22: Photographic Process
Photographic Process Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 22
Slide 23: Image formation: sensitisers absorb light
Image formation: sensitisers absorb light Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 23
Slide 24: Image formation: some AgX split
Image formation: some AgX split Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 24
Slide 25: Image formation: Ag atoms move
Image formation: Ag atoms move Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 25
Slide 26: Image formation: stable Ag nucleus are formed
Image formation: stable Ag nucleus are formed Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 26
Slide 27: Image formation: recovery of lost Ag atoms and development
Image formation: recovery of “lost “ Ag atoms and development Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 27
Slide 28: Result:
Result: Highest line sharpness Best line roughness Correct line width Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 28
Slide 29: Photography in phototooling: overview
Photography in phototooling: overview z Expose (create latent image) • Sensitisers capture energy and pass to AgX underneath • The AgX underneath breaks into Ag and X • Ag and Au forms nucleuses Photoplotter z Processing • Develop (turn latent image into visible one) Latent image enhancement compone
Slide 30: Structure of
Structure of Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 30
Slide 31: Structure of
Structure of Layer Function Matt Control transport during loading and unloading Control vacuum during printing Antistress 1 Protect image from damage Antistress 2 Protect image from damage Emulsion Image formation Substrate 1 Bounding emulsion to substrate 1 Substrate 2 Bounding substrate 1 to base
Slide 32: Structure of: emulsion
Structure of : emulsion Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 32
Slide 33: Structure of: Crystals
Structure of : Crystals Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 33
Slide 34: Characteristic: density
Characteristic: density z The logarithmic value of the ratio of applied light over transmitted light X X = 1 000 000, Y = 10 X/Y = 100 000 = 105 Density = 5 0 1 000 000 X = 1 000 0000, Y = 900 000 Y X/Y = 1,1 = 100,05 Density = 0,05 Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 34
Slide 35: Line edge analysis method
Line edge analysis method z Measurement of : • Line width • Line width variation • Edge sharpness • Edge roughness Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 35
Slide 36: Characteristic curve
Characteristic curve z Relation between applied energy and density Idealine RPF Laser Sensitometry 6 5 633 nm 670 nm 4 Density 3 2 1 0 0 0,4 0,8 1,2 1,6 2 Exposure in Log IT Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 36
Slide 37: Test results on various plotters
Test results on various plotters 20 μm lines on First EIE RP525 @ 25.400 dpi Present type Idealine RPF S = 0.83 R = 2.30 LW = 21.08 S = 0.61 R = 1.10 LW = 21.91 Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 37
Slide 38: Test results on various plotters
Test results on various plotters 25 μm lines on ManiaTechnology SilverWriter @ 25.400 dpi Present type Idealine RPF S= R= LW = S = 0.53 R = 1.00 LW = 26.3 Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 38
Slide 39: Test results on various plotters
Test results on various plotters 12 μm lines on Orbotech LP 9008UR @ 25.400 dpi Idealine RPF Idealine RPF S = 0.68 R = 1.10 LW = 12.9 Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 39
Slide 40: Test results on various plotters
Test results on various plotters 20 μm lines on Pentax LPP3880 @ 20.000 dpi Present type Idealine OPF S = 0.71 R = 1.26 LW = 22.8 S = 0.50 R = 0.86 LW = 22.2 Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 40
Slide 41: Characteristics of the ideal phototool
Characteristics of the ideal phototool Min. & max. density Scratch resistance Fitness for AOI Line sharpness Dimensional stability Base material purity Fine line capability Manipulation and transport Dust level Line width control Load – unload plotter Packaging and labeling Exposure latitude Fly off
Slide 42: Phototooling: alternative LDI
Phototooling: alternative LDI Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 42
Slide 43: Phototooling: alternative ink jet
Phototooling: alternative ink jet Legend ink, resist, solder mask, … Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 43
Slide 44: Phototooling: alternative ink jet
Phototooling: alternative ink jet Legend ink, solder mask, conductors, optical conductors, hole fillers, peelable masks,…. Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 44
Slide 45: Conclusions
Conclusions z Phototooling is high tech • AgX film does the job today • AgX film can cope with future needs z LDI has limitations z Ink Jet may do the job, one day AgX film will remain, for quite some time, the major imaging tool for the productions of PCB’s Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 45
Slide 46: phototooling.agfa.com
http://phototooling.agfa.com ICT presentation dd 01/04/2008 Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 46
Slide 47: Thank You
Thank You Eric Janssens March 2008 Slide 47