28 slides from Teck Resources Limited Class A's technical presentation, October 2001
Slide 1: An Update on General Galvanizing Alloy Developments
An Update on General Galvanizing Alloy Developments AGA Meeting October 2001 J. Zervoudis
Slide 2: General Galvanizing R&D
General Galvanizing R&D Improvements in the Ni-Zn Direct Alloying Process (DAP) Update on V-Sn-Bi alloy Introduction of BritePlus™ alloy
Slide 3: Direct Alloying Process
Direct Alloying Process The Ni-Zn galvanizing alloy: – controls steels with up to about 0.2%Si (SE) – improves Zn fluidity and drainage. The DAP process: – Ni powder dissolves within minutes at 450ºC (850ºF) galvanizing temperature – Ni powder addition: 1.8 lbs/1,000 lbs Zn to maintain 0.055%Ni
Slide 4: Direct Alloying Process
Direct Alloying Process DAP mixer DAP dispenser
Slide 5: DAP Mixer Developments
DAP Mixer Developments Ni dispensed one to two feet below bath surface Minimizes surface disturbance and oxidation Reduces amount of Ni to ash Improves mixing of Ni powder in bath Ni powder addition to maintain bath same as pre-alloy
Slide 6: DAP Dispenser Developments
DAP Dispenser Developments • Improved handling • Minimized exposure
Slide 7: Effects of Alloying Additions on Coating Thickness
Reactive Steel Galvanizing V-Sn-Bi Alloy Effects of Alloying Additions on the Coating Thickness on Various Steels (10 Minute Immersion at 450°C) 450 SHG 400 1Sn+0.05V+0.1Bi Ni-Zn 350 Coating Thickness (µm) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.07 0.14 0.15 0.21 0.32 0.41 0.46 0.51 0 Silicon Equivalent (%)
Slide 8: Reactive Steel Galvanizing V-Sn-Bi Alloy: Advantages
Reactive Steel Galvanizing V-Sn-Bi Alloy Advantages: – Controlled reactivity on all steel – Eliminated grey coat – Shiny spangled coatings – Reduced coating thickness by 10-50%
Slide 9: Reactive Steel Galvanizing V-Sn-Bi Alloy: Disadvantages
Reactive Steel Galvanizing V-Sn-Bi Alloy Disadvantages: – Trapped ash was sticky/black – More effort in racking
Slide 10: Reactive Steel Galvanizing V-Sn-Bi Alloy: Conclusions
Reactive Steel Galvanizing V-Sn-Bi Alloy Conclusions: – Alloy would work in a dedicated plant with captive product lines – For a general galvanizing shop, a more compatible flux is required
Slide 11: Reactive Steel Galvanizing V-Sn-Bi Alloy
Reactive Steel Galvanizing V-Sn-Bi Alloy Flux development work Pilot trial work Results very encouraging Ready for plant trial Progress was slowed because of BritePlus™
Slide 12: BritePlus
BritePlus™ Not everyone needs an alloy that controls reactive steel Everyone could benefit from an alloy that improves coating quality
Slide 13: BritePlus Objectives
BritePlus™ Objectives: – low cost – improved quality/appearance – easy bath maintenance – flexibility/versatility The alloy: – Zn-Sn-Bi-Al
Slide 14: BritePlus
BritePlus™ Zn-Sn-Bi-Al alloy bars: 18 lbs Virtual replacement of brightener bars Maintenance: 25 lbs BritePlus™/ton of Zn Cost of alloy is comparable to the cost of DAP Cost premium: offset by reduction in Zn pick-up
Slide 15: BritePlus Plant Trials
BritePlus™ Plant trials: – PW: 8 kettles – SHG: 2 kettles – > 12 months < 1 – all are continuing use
Slide 16: BritePlus
BritePlus™ Improvement in coating appearance and reduction of grey coat Customer enthusiasm regarding new spangled coating appearance Reduction in Zn pick-up Reduction in finishing work
Slide 17: BritePlus
BritePlus™ Reduction in white rust on freshly galvanized product in yard Ash production: – same or more than PW Dross production: – same or less than PW
Slide 18: BritePlus Laboratory Testing
BritePlus™ Laboratory Testing Pilot plant galvanizing with different steels Fluidity/drainage tests: 1/2 and 1/4 in. wire mesh Humidity/stacking: chromated/non- chromated Atmospheric corrosion test: three sites Coating adhesion test: impact/scribe Kettle steel corrosion test: 50 days, 45
Slide 19: Coating Appearance
Coating Appearance SHG SHG + BritePlus™
Slide 20: BritePlus
| teckcominco ) BritePlus™
Slide 21: Cost-effectiveness
BritePlus™ Cost-effectiveness Optimization of Sn-Bi-Al additions High quality coatings Improved drainage
Slide 22: BritePlus
| BritePlus™
Slide 23: Easy maintenance
BritePlus™ Easy maintenance: – one bar maintains operating levels – quick bath conversion/no disruption – immediate benefits – meets minimum 98% Zn specification
Slide 24: BritePlus
| teckcominco ) BritePlus™
Slide 25: Versatility
BritePlus™ Versatility: – use with PW – use with SHG – use with Ni
Slide 26: BritePlus
BritePlus™
Slide 27: Teck Cominco technical support
BritePlus™ Teck Cominco technical support: – bath management – customer problem investigation
Slide 28: BritePlus - Examples
BritePlus™ - Examples