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Sika — Technical Presentation (October 2023)

39 slides from Sika's technical presentation, Oct 24, 2023

  1. Slide 1: Designing and Specifying FRP Materials for Structural Strengthening of Bridges

    24/10/2023 DESIGNING AND SPECIFYING FRP MATERIALS FOR THEIR USE IN STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING OF BRIDGES PRESENTED BY: ERI VOKSHI, P.E. SIKA CORPORATION, LYNDHURST, NJ 1 This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be

  2. Slide 2: AIA/CES Program

    24/10/2023 Sika Corporation is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members is available upon request. 3 AIA/CE

  3. Slide 3: Key Learning Objectives; Sika at a Glance

    24/10/2023 KEY LEARNING OBJECTIVES 01 DETERMINE WHY STRUCTURES NEED TO BE STRENGTHENED AND TYPICAL STRENGTHENING TECHNIQUES DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS, ALONG WITH AVAILABLE 02 INDUSTRY GUIDELINES, FOR SUCCESSFUL USE OF MATERIALS HIGHLIGHT MATERIALS THAT CAN BE USED FOR STRUCTURAL STRENG

  4. Slide 4: Focus on Attractive Markets; Concrete Repair & Protection

    24/10/2023 FOCUS ON ATTRACTIVE MARKETS: CROSS-SELLING, LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT, ONE STRONG BRAND Concrete Waterproofing Roofing Building Finishing Flooring & Coating Sealing & Bonding Refurbishment Industry 7 7 CONCRETE REPAIR & PROTECTION Products Product Families Bonding Agents Sika® Armatec®, Sikad

  5. Slide 5: Why Do Structures Need Strengthening

    24/10/2023 DECK REPAIRS  Concrete protection solutions  Crack Repair and Healer Sealer  Joint materials  Bridge deck Overlays  High friction surface treatments  Anchoring and grouting  Segmental Bridge Adhesives BELOW DECK REPAIRS  Concrete patching  Epoxy injection  Structural strengtheni

  6. Slide 6: Why Do Structures Need Strengthening? U.S. Infrastructure State

    24/10/2023 U.S. INFRASTRUCTURE STATE  American Society of Structural Engineers – Report Card  Overall grade: C-  Over 600,000 bridges in U.S.  231,000 bridges need repair  4 in 10 bridges are 50 years or older  Total infrastructure needs: $5.94 TRILLION over 10 years 11 WHY DO STRUCTURES NEED

  7. Slide 7: How Are Structures Strengthened; What Are FRP Systems?

    24/10/2023 HOW ARE STRUCTURES STRENGTHENED TYPICAL STRENGTHENING METHODS Flexible picture height EXTERNALLY BONDED SECTION ENLARGEMENT EXTERNAL POST- SUPPLEMENTAL SUPPORTS FRP OR STEEL TENSIONING Traditionally done with Used frequently, this For cases where high- Supplemental supports are steel, mos

  8. Slide 8: Most Common FRP Materials: Glass vs Carbon

    24/10/2023 MOST COMMON FRP MATERIALS GLASS VS CARBON Carbon Systems Glass Systems (GFRP)  Seismic strengthening (CFRP)  Damp/wet conditions  Dry conditions  Stiffness driven  Extreme acidic conditions  Extreme alkaline conditions  Economical Stronger, stiffer, more durable Economical, used co

  9. Slide 9: Advantages of FRP Repairs

    24/10/2023 ADVANTAGES OF FRP REPAIRS  Cost/scheduling benefits  “Get in, Get out, Stay out!”  - FHWA Mantra for accelerated construction  Reduced maintenance costs  Light weight materials puts less strain on the structure  Non-corrosive, designed for long-term performance 17 17 LIMITED ACCESS

  10. Slide 10: Typical Applications: Bridge Applications

    24/10/2023 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 19 TYPICAL USE BRIDGE APPLICATIONS 1 Pier confinement 2 Shear strengthening of girders 2 4 3 Shear strengthening of pier caps 1 4 Flexural strengthening of girders 5 5 Deck Stiffening 1 3 20 20 10

  11. Slide 11: Pier Confinement and Pier Cap Shear Strengthening; Girder Flexural Strengthening

    24/10/2023 PIER CONFINEMENT AND PIER CAP SHEAR STRENGTHENING 21 21 GIRDER FLEXURAL STRENGTHENING 22 22 11

  12. Slide 12: Typical Applications: Bridge Deck Stiffening; Parking Structures

    24/10/2023 BRIDGE DECK STIFFENING 23 23 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Parking Structures  Shear Strengthening  Corrosion Damage  Column strengthening  Corbel Upgrades 24 24 12

  13. Slide 13: Typical Applications: Buildings; Design Guides and Principals

    24/10/2023 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Buildings  Modifications (wall or slab openings)  Change in use  Seismic upgrades  Wall strengthening 25 25 DESIGN GUIDES AND PRINCIPALS 27 13

  14. Slide 14: Designing with FRP: Codes and Standards

    24/10/2023 CODES AND STANDARDS  AASHTO Guide 2nd Ed  Guide Specification for Design of Bonded FRP Systems for Repair of Strengthening Concrete Bridge Elements  ACI 440.2R-17  Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures 28 28 DESIGN

  15. Slide 15: FRP Limitations

    24/10/2023 FRP Limitations “SUPPLEMENTAL REINFORCEMENT” AASHTO STRENGTHENING LIMIT ACI 440 STRENGTHENING LIMIT ( ) ≥ (1.1 + 0.75 ) 31 LIVE LOAD LIMIT DURING FRP APPLICATION 32 15

  16. Slide 16: Flexural Strengthening: Material Requirements

    24/10/2023 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS  Environmental reduction factors  Material properties (non bond-critical applications  Interface strain (bond critical)  85% strength retention for various exposures  Glass transition temperature – 40 degrees higher than max design temp 33 FLEXURAL STRENGTHENING

  17. Slide 17: How Does CFRP Affect a Reinforced Beam? Flexural Strengthening

    24/10/2023 HOW DOES CFRP AFFECTS A REINFORCED BEAM? FLEXURAL STRENGTHENING FRP Contribution 35 36 36 17

  18. Slide 18: Shear Strengthening: Detailing Requirements

    24/10/2023 DETAILING REQUIREMENTS  Check for shear to prevent end debonding. If needed provide:  U-wraps  Spike Anchors  If FRP-concrete interface strain is to be increased  U-wraps along beam length  Spike anchors 37 37 SHEAR STRENGTHENING 38 38 18

  19. Slide 19: Combined Strengthening

    24/10/2023 COMBINED STRENGTHENING 39 39 MAIN TYPES OF STRENGTHENING SHEAR 1 2 40 19

  20. Slide 20: Shear Strengthening

    24/10/2023 SHEAR STRENGTHENING  Members are U-wrapped or fully wrapped  Can be discrete strips or a Steel and concrete FRP continuous strips Contribution Contribution 41 SHEAR STRENGTHENING 42 42 20

  21. Slide 21: Strengthening in Torsion

    24/10/2023 STRENGTHENING IN TORSION 43 43 TYPES OF STRENGTHENING CONFINEMENT 44 44 21

  22. Slide 22: Confinement Design per ACI 440

    24/10/2023 TYPES OF STRENGTHENING CONFINEMENT To avoid the lateral expansion, its necessary to ensure a confinement around the element using a rigid material with a high strength such as FRPs. CFRP strengthening • Increase in both axial and flexural strength • Commonly used for seismic retrofitting

  23. Slide 23: FRP Design Software

    24/10/2023 FRP DESIGN SOFTWARE 47 47 SIKA® CARBODUR® SOFTWARE  We have 5 different modules:  RC section FRP confinement design  RC section FRP flexural strengthening design  RC section FRP shear strengthening design  RC beam FRP flexural strengthening design  RC beam FRP shear strengthening de

  24. Slide 24: Specifying FRP Systems

    24/10/2023 SPECIFYING FRP SYSTEMS 51 HOW TO SPECIFY FRP?  Were strengthening limits checked?  Who will perform the design?  In-house design  Specify min material properties req’d  Be inclusive  Delegate it  Geometrical data (size of members and rebar amount and layout)  Concrete and steel pr

  25. Slide 25: Specification Documents; Example 1

    24/10/2023 SPECIFICATION DOCUMENTS  Spec documents  Align drawings and spec documents  Specifying minimum material properties:  Tensile strength, stiffness, and elongation  Prevent sole-sourcing - review various manufacturer’s PDSs for min requirements 53 53 EXAMPLE 1 54 54 25

  26. Slide 26: Example 2; Example 3

    24/10/2023 EXAMPLE 2 56 56 EXAMPLE 3 57 57 26

  27. Slide 27: Protective Coatings; Project Completion

    24/10/2023 PROJECT COMPLETION 58 PROTECTIVE COATINGS 59 59 27

  28. Slide 28: QC Acceptance Criteria; FRP Systems at Glance

    24/10/2023 QC ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA  Delamination  Limited to ensure proper bond  Bond  Pull off tests to determine bond strength to concrete  Minimum 200 psi (1.4 MPa)  Laminate tensile Testing  Panel making is an art-form  Panels must be flat and have smooth finish Pull test 60 60 FRP SYSTEM

  29. Slide 29: Surface Prep

    24/10/2023 SURFACE PREP  All defects repaired using epoxy mortar  Concrete prepared by sandblasting  Concrete smoothed out using grinders  Open pores  Remove laitance  Smooth and level  Corners rounded to ½” min 62 MECHANICAL PREPARATION 63 63 29

  30. Slide 30: Primer Application for FRP Systems; Available FRP Systems

    24/10/2023 PRIMER APPLICATION FOR FRP SYSTEMS  Mix & Apply Epoxy Primer 64 64 AVAILABLE FRPS SYSTEMS Epoxy Wet Lay-up Pre-saturated Wet Dry Lay-up Systems Pultruded Plates Systems Lay-up Systems Post-tensioned FRP Anchorage FRP NSM Rods FRCM System Plates System 65 65 30

  31. Slide 31: Fabric Based FRP Systems; Field Saturated FRP System

    24/10/2023 FABRIC BASED FRP SYSTEMS FIELD SATURATED SYSTEMS AND PRE-SATURATED SYSTEMS 66 FIELD SATURATED FRP SYSTEM  The ORIGINAL FRP system  Longest in the market and most trusted  Most common resin used is epoxy  Durable in various environments  Saturation is done in the field 67 31

  32. Slide 32: Wet Lay-up and Dry Lay-up Installation Methods

    24/10/2023 WET LAY-UP INSTALLATION METHOD  Saturate Fabric with Resin – Table or Saturator 68 DRY LAY-UP INSTALLATION METHOD 69 69 32

  33. Slide 33: Field Saturated FRP Systems

    24/10/2023 FIELD SATURATED FRP SYSTEMS 70 FIELD SATURATED FRP SYSTEMS  Remove air bubbles 71 33

  34. Slide 34: Presaturated System

    24/10/2023 PRESATURATED SYSTEM  Open foil pouches when ready to apply 72 PRESATURATED SYSTEM  Cut “wet” fabric if necessary 73 34

  35. Slide 35: FRP Plates and NSM System; CFRP Plates

    24/10/2023 FRP PLATES AND NSM SYSTEM 74 74 CFRP PLATES Clean the CFRP strips Cut the laminate to size Apply even amount of epoxy to the laminate Apply and roll the CFRP strip onto concrete 75 75 35

  36. Slide 36: FRP Rods – NSM Reinforcement

    24/10/2023 FRP RODS – NSM REINFORCEMENT Cut and clean grooves Place rods in the groove 76 NSM REINFORCEMENT  Fill the groove with epoxy 77 77 36

  37. Slide 37: Post-Tension FRP Plates; Post-Tensioning FRP System - Anchors

    24/10/2023 POST-TENSION FRP PLATES 78 78 POST-TENSIONING FRP SYSTEM - ANCHORS  Standard anchor Type III P0 = 220kN Fixed anchor side movable anchor – tensioning side 79 37

  38. Slide 38: Post-Tensioning FRP System Application

    24/10/2023 POST-TENSIONING FRP SYSTEM  Application Define location Drilling Chipping Installation & injection 80 POST-TENSIONING FRP SYSTEM  Application Installation of tendon Apply adhesive Tensioning of tendon Protection (optional) (if bonded) 81 38

  39. Slide 39: Conclusions

    24/10/2023 CONCLUSIONS  FRP’s are cost and time effective solutions for reinforcement of infrastructure  Typical FRP strengthening applications in RC include flexural, shear, confinement, and seismic strengthening  Specifying FRP properly will prevent delays, headaches, and RFI’s on projects.  P

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