Slide 1: Considerations for Specifying Generator Set Fuel Sources
Considerations for Specifying Generator Set Fuel Sources PowerHour webinar series for consulting engineers Experts you trust. Excellence you count on. January 28, 2020 11:00 PDT / 13:00 CDT (1PDH issued by Cummins)
Slide 2: Welcome!
Welcome! PowerHour is designed to help our engineer partners to… • Keep up to date on products, technology, and codes and standards development • Interact with Cummins experts and gain access to ongoing technical support • Participate at your convenience, live or on-demand • Earn Professional Develo
Slide 3: Meet Your Panelists
Meet Your Panelists Cummins Presenter: Cummins Facilitator: Michael Sanford Mark Taylor Technical Marketing Specialist Technical Marketing Specialist Cummins Inc. Cummins Inc. Your local Cummins contacts: ➢ Western Canada: Ian Lindquist (ian.Lindquist@cummins.com), Western Canada Region ➢ South IL,
Slide 4: Disclaimer
Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this course shall not be considered the official position of any regulatory organization and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation. Participants are encouraged to refer to the entire text of all referenced documen
Slide 5: Course Objectives
Course Objectives Considerations for Specifying Generator Set Fuel Sources The installation of gaseous generator sets in a wide variety of applications continues to rise in North America while facility performance requirements, codes and standards are often most closely linked to their traditional d
Slide 6: Differentiators of natural gas versus diesel generator sets
When compared to a diesel generator set, what are some of the differentiators unique to a natural gas (or propane) fueled generator set? 6
Slide 7: Generator Set Fuel Sources
Generator Set Fuel Sources Diesel and Gaseous Fuels Diesel Fuel Power dense, high energy content ULSD Diesel #2 ASTM D975 7
Slide 8: Generator Set Fuel Sources
Generator Set Fuel Sources Diesel and Gaseous Fuels Diesel Fuel Power dense, high energy content ULSD Diesel #2 ASTM D975 Gaseous Fuel Variable energy content “Pipeline natural gas” 8
Slide 9: Relative Energy Density
Generator Set Fuel Sources Diesel and Gaseous Fuels Diesel Fuel Power dense, high energy content ULSD Diesel #2 ASTM D975 Gaseous Fuel Variable energy content “Pipeline natural gas” Diesel Fuel Relative Energy Gasoline Density Propane Liquid Gas Propane gas Natural Gas 9
Slide 10: Generator Set Fuel Sources: Gaseous Fuels
Generator Set Fuel Sources Gaseous Fuels Category Also Known As BTU Pipeline Gas, Standard Gas High Associated Petroleum Gas (APG) High Conventional Natural Gas Flare Gas, Field Gas High Associated-Dissolved Gas (ADG) High Wellhead Gas High Unconventional Coal Bed Methane (CBM) High Natural Gas Coal
Slide 11: Generator Set Fuel Sources: Gaseous Fuels
Generator Set Fuel Sources Gaseous Fuels Category Also Known As BTU Pipeline Gas, Standard Gas High Associated Petroleum Gas (APG) High Conventional Natural Gas Flare Gas, Field Gas High Associated-Dissolved Gas (ADG) High Wellhead Gas High Unconventional Coal Bed Methane (CBM) High Natural Gas Coal
Slide 12: Generator Set Fuel Sources: Gaseous Fuels
Generator Set Fuel Sources Gaseous Fuels Category Also Known As BTU Pipeline Gas, Standard Gas High Associated Petroleum Gas (APG) High Conventional Natural Gas Flare Gas, Field Gas High Associated-Dissolved Gas (ADG) High Wellhead Gas High Unconventional Coal Bed Methane (CBM) High Natural Gas Coal
Slide 13: Generator Set Fuel Sources: Gaseous Fuels
Generator Set Fuel Sources Gaseous Fuels Category Also Known As BTU Pipeline Gas, Standard Gas High Associated Petroleum Gas (APG) High Conventional Natural Gas Flare Gas, Field Gas High Associated-Dissolved Gas (ADG) High Wellhead Gas High Unconventional Coal Bed Methane (CBM) High Natural Gas Coal
Slide 14: Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number
Generator Set Fuel Sources Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number Methane Index Number (MN) ▪ Defines likelihood of a fuel to auto-ignite ▪ Scale of 0-100 14
Slide 15: Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number
Generator Set Fuel Sources Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number Methane Index Number (MN) ▪ Defines likelihood of a fuel to auto-ignite ▪ Scale of 0-100 • Higher MN may be less likely to auto- ignite (knock) and may be suitable for high power density applications. • Lower MN may be more likely to auto-ign
Slide 16: Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number
Generator Set Fuel Sources Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number Methane Index Number (MN) ▪ Defines likelihood of a fuel to auto-ignite ▪ Scale of 0-100 • Higher MN may be less likely to auto- ignite (knock) and may be suitable for high power density applications. • Lower MN may be more likely to auto-ign
Slide 17: Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number
Generator Set Fuel Sources Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number Methane Index Number (MN) ▪ Defines likelihood of a fuel to auto-ignite ▪ Scale of 0-100 • Higher MN may be less likely to auto- ignite (knock) and may be suitable for high power density applications. • Lower MN may be more likely to auto-ign
Slide 18: Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number
Generator Set Fuel Sources Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number Methane Index Number (MN) ▪ Defines likelihood of a fuel to auto-ignite ▪ Scale of 0-100 • Higher MN may be less likely to auto- ignite (knock) and may be suitable for high power density applications. • Lower MN may be more likely to auto-ign
Slide 19: Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number
Generator Set Fuel Sources Gaseous Fuels - Methane Number Methane Index Number (MN) ▪ Defines likelihood of a fuel to auto-ignite ▪ Scale of 0-100 • Higher MN may be less likely to auto- ignite (knock) and may be suitable for high power density applications. • Lower MN may be more likely to auto-ign
Slide 20: Rich Burn and Lean Burn Engines
Generator Set Fuel Sources Rich Burn and Lean Burn Engines Rich Burn Lean Burn 20
Slide 21: Rich Burn and Lean Burn Engines
Generator Set Fuel Sources Rich Burn and Lean Burn Engines Rich Burn Lean Burn Air Fuel Ratio Excess Air (O2) Typical Application Emissions 21
Slide 22: Rich Burn and Lean Burn Engines
Generator Set Fuel Sources Rich Burn and Lean Burn Engines Rich Burn Lean Burn Air Fuel Ratio ~14.6 : 1 Excess Air (O2) 0.2 to 0.8% Typical Fast start, large block loads Application Aftertreatment may be required Emissions to reduce NOx and CO 22
Slide 23: Rich Burn and Lean Burn Engines
Generator Set Fuel Sources Rich Burn and Lean Burn Engines Rich Burn Lean Burn Air Fuel Ratio ~14.6 : 1 ~25 : 1 Excess Air (O2) 0.2 to 0.8% >4% Typical High efficiency, continuous Fast start, large block loads Application operation, ramping load Can often meet emissions Aftertreatment may be require
Slide 24: Rich Burn and Lean Burn Engines
Generator Set Fuel Sources Rich Burn and Lean Burn Engines Rich Burn Lean Burn Air Fuel Ratio ~14.6 : 1 ~25 : 1 Excess Air (O2) 0.2 to 0.8% >4% Typical High efficiency, continuous Fast start, large block loads Application operation, ramping load Can often meet emissions Aftertreatment may be require
Slide 25: Concept Check
Concept Check When describing gaseous fuels, which of the following attributes are often used to describe fuel composition? Choose all that apply. a) Methane Number (MN) b) Energy Density (BTU/ft3 or MMBTU) c) ASTM D975 d) Air/Fuel Ratio 25
Slide 26: Concept Check
Concept Check When describing gaseous fuels, which of the following attributes are often used to describe fuel composition? Choose all that apply. a) Methane Number (MN) b) Energy Density (BTU/ft3 or MMBTU) c) ASTM D975 d) Air/Fuel Ratio 26
Slide 27: Compliance to Codes and Standards: Fuel Source for Emergency Systems
Compliance to Codes and Standards Fuel Source for Emergency Systems NFPA 110-2019 5.1.1 The following energy sources shall be permitted to be used for the emergency power supply (EPS): (1) Liquid petroleum products… (2) Liquified petroleum gas… (3) Natural or synthetic gas Reprinted with permission
Slide 28: Compliance to Codes and Standards: Fuel Source for Emergency Systems
Compliance to Codes and Standards Fuel Source for Emergency Systems NFPA 110-2019 5.1.1 The following energy sources shall be permitted to be used for the emergency power supply (EPS): (1) Liquid petroleum products… (2) Liquified petroleum gas… (3) Natural or synthetic gas Exception: For Level 1 ins
Slide 29: Compliance to Codes and Standards: Fuel Source for Emergency Systems
Compliance to Codes and Standards Fuel Source for Emergency Systems NFPA 110-2019 Natural Gas Council 5.1.1 The following energy sources shall be Natural gas is a secure, reliable and resilient permitted to be used for the emergency choice for customers power supply (EPS): ▪ Operational reliability
Slide 30: Compliance to Codes and Standards: Fuel Source for Emergency Systems
Compliance to Codes and Standards Fuel Source for Emergency Systems 30
Slide 31: Compliance to Codes and Standards: Fuel Source for Emergency Systems
Compliance to Codes and Standards Fuel Source for Emergency Systems Spec Note Specify natural-gas fueled generator sets for emergency power systems where permitted by the local Authority Having Jurisdiction. 31
Slide 32: Compliance to Codes and Standards: Generator Set Ratings
Compliance to Codes and Standards Generator Set Ratings ISO 8528: Defines application, ratings and performance of generator sets. ▪ Emergency Standby Power (ESP) ▪ Prime Rated Power (PRP) ▪ Limited Time Prime Power (LTP) ▪ Continuous Operating Power (COP) ▪ Data Center Power (DCP) International Orga
Slide 33: Compliance to Codes and Standards: Generator Set Ratings
Compliance to Codes and Standards Generator Set Ratings ISO 8528: Defines application, ratings and performance of generator sets. ▪ Emergency Standby Power (ESP) ▪ Prime Rated Power (PRP) ▪ Limited Time Prime Power (LTP) ▪ Continuous Operating Power (COP) ▪ Data Center Power (DCP) International Orga
Slide 34: Compliance to Codes and Standards: Emergency Standby Power
Compliance to Codes and Standards Generator Set Ratings Emergency Standby Power (ESP) ▪ “Maximum power available during a variable electrical power sequence…for up to 200 h of operation per year” ▪ “The permissible average power output over 24 h of operation shall not exceed 70% of the ESP unless ot
Slide 35: Compliance to Codes and Standards: Emergency Standby Power
Compliance to Codes and Standards Generator Set Ratings Emergency Standby Power (ESP) ▪ “Maximum power available during a variable electrical power sequence…for up to 200 h of operation per year” ▪ “The permissible average power output over 24 h of operation shall not exceed 70% of the ESP unless ot
Slide 36: Compliance to Codes and Standards: NFPA Type Requirements
Compliance to Codes and Standards NFPA 110 Type Requirements 4.3 Type. The type defines the maximum time, in seconds, that the EPSS will permit the load terminals of the transfer switch to be without acceptable electrical power. Reprinted with permission from NFPA 110-2016, Standard for Emergency an
Slide 37: Compliance to Codes and Standards: NFPA Type Requirements
Compliance to Codes and Standards NFPA 110 Type Requirements 4.3 Type. The type defines the maximum time, in seconds, that the EPSS will permit the load terminals of the transfer switch to be without acceptable electrical power. Reprinted with permission from NFPA 110-2016, Standard for Emergency an
Slide 38: Compliance to Codes and Standards: NFPA Type Requirements
Compliance to Codes and Standards NFPA 110 Type Requirements 4.3 Type. The type defines the maximum time, in seconds, that the EPSS will permit the load terminals of the transfer switch to be without acceptable electrical power. Reprinted with permission from NFPA 110-2016, Standard for Emergency an
Slide 39: Compliance to Codes and Standards: NFPA Type Requirements
Compliance to Codes and Standards NFPA 110 Type Requirements 4.3 Type. The type defines the maximum time, in seconds, that the EPSS will permit the load terminals of the transfer switch to be without acceptable electrical power. Spec Note Specify NFPA 110 Type requirement for Emergency Power Supply
Slide 40: Emissions Requirements: US EPA NSPS
Compliance to Codes and Standards Emissions Requirements US EPA New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) 40
Slide 41: Emissions Requirements: US EPA NSPS
Compliance to Codes and Standards Emissions Requirements US EPA New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Fuel Type ▪ Compression Ignition (Diesel) and Spark-Ignited (Gaseous) 41
Slide 42: Emissions Requirements: US EPA NSPS
Compliance to Codes and Standards Emissions Requirements US EPA New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Fuel Type ▪ Compression Ignition (Diesel) and Spark-Ignited (Gaseous) Usage ▪ Stationary Emergency – operation when utility power is not available ▪ Stationary Non-Emergency – operation when utili
Slide 43: Emissions Requirements: US EPA NSPS
Compliance to Codes and Standards Emissions Requirements US EPA New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Fuel Type ▪ Compression Ignition (Diesel) and Spark-Ignited (Gaseous) Usage ▪ Stationary Emergency – operation when utility power is not available ▪ Stationary Non-Emergency – operation when utili
Slide 44: Emissions Requirements
Compliance to Codes and Standards Emissions Requirements Diesel Gaseous Definition Engine Engine NOx Oxides of nitrogen ✓ ✓ HC Over 100 different types of hydrocarbons ✓ ✓ PM Anything that is trapped on or condenses onto a filter ✓ CO Carbon Monoxide ✓ ✓ SOx Oxides of Sulfur ✓ 44
Slide 45: Emissions Requirements
Compliance to Codes and Standards Emissions Requirements ▪ Mandatory factory certification of rich burn propane engines ▪ Optional factory certification of all natural gas engines and lean burn propane engines ▪ If not factory certified, the owner/operator may be responsible for demonstrating compli
Slide 46: Emissions Requirements
Compliance to Codes and Standards Emissions Requirements ▪ Mandatory factory certification of rich burn propane engines ▪ Optional factory certification of all natural gas engines and lean burn propane engines ▪ If not factory certified, the owner/operator may be responsible for demonstrating compli
Slide 47: Emissions Requirements: Local Air Quality Management Board
Compliance to Codes and Standards Emissions Requirements US EPA New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Fuel Type ▪ Compression Ignition (Diesel) and Spark-Ignited (Gaseous) Usage ▪ Stationary Emergency – operation when utility power is not available ▪ Stationary Non-Emergency – operation when utili
Slide 48: Emissions Requirements: Local Air Quality Management Board
Compliance to Codes and Standards Emissions Requirements US EPA New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Fuel Type ▪ Compression Ignition (Diesel) and Spark-Ignited (Gaseous) Usage ▪ Stationary Emergency – operation when utility power is not available ▪ Stationary Non-Emergency – operation when utili
Slide 49: Concept Check
Concept Check When specifying a generator set solution for an emergency power system, make sure to include… (choose all that apply) a) US EPA and other applicable emissions requirements b) ISO 8528 Power rating c) Fuel type d) NFPA 110 Type requirement for system e) Engine air/fuel ratio 49
Slide 50: Concept Check
Concept Check When specifying a generator set solution for an emergency power system, make sure to include… (choose all that apply) a) US EPA and other applicable emissions requirements b) ISO 8528 Power rating c) Fuel type d) NFPA 110 Type requirement for system e) Engine air/fuel ratio 50
Slide 51: Installation Considerations
Installation Considerations Gaseous and Diesel Generator Sets ▪ Foundation, mounting and vibration isolation ▪ Exhaust systems ▪ Cooling and ventilation ▪ Starting system ▪ Sound considerations ▪ Service and maintenance access ▪ Remote monitoring solutions ▪ Housing and enclosure requirements 51
Slide 52: Installation Considerations
Installation Considerations Gaseous and Diesel Generator Sets ▪ Foundation, mounting and vibration isolation ▪ Exhaust systems ▪ Cooling and ventilation ▪ Starting system ▪ Sound considerations ▪ Service and maintenance access ▪ Remote monitoring solutions ▪ Housing and enclosure requirements Consul
Slide 53: Installation Considerations: Maintenance of Diesel Fuel
Installation Considerations Fuel Source and Maintenance Maintenance of Diesel Fuel Diesel fuel quality critical to equipment operation. ▪ Typical stable lifespan of diesel is 12 – 16 months in ideal conditions. ▪ Diesel sulfur content reduction (ULSD) limits fuel’s anti-microbial properties. ▪ Bio-d
Slide 54: Installation Considerations: Maintenance of Diesel Fuel
Installation Considerations Fuel Source and Maintenance Maintenance of Diesel Fuel Diesel fuel quality critical to equipment operation. ▪ Typical stable lifespan of diesel is 12 – 16 months in ideal conditions. ▪ Diesel sulfur content reduction (ULSD) limits fuel’s anti-microbial properties. ▪ Bio-d
Slide 55: Installation Considerations: Maintenance of Gaseous Fuel
Installation Considerations Fuel Source and Maintenance Maintenance of Gaseous Fuel ▪ Natural gas available through extensive pipeline network ▪ Avoid fuel transportation, handling, and storage issues ▪ No fuel tank cleaning required ▪ No fuel degradation over time ▪ Various fuels can be used 55
Slide 56: Installation Considerations: Fuel System Requirements
Installation Considerations Fuel System Requirements ▪ Volume and pressure must be available at RATED load, not static pressure ▪ Be aware of fuel system pressure drop ▪ Accumulator or compressor to boost pressure, if necessary ▪ Consult generator set manufacturer for specific fuel system requiremen
Slide 57: Installation Considerations: Fuel System Requirements
Installation Considerations Fuel System Requirements ▪ Volume and pressure must be available at RATED load, not static pressure ▪ Be aware of fuel system pressure drop ▪ Accumulator or compressor to boost pressure, if necessary ▪ Consult generator set manufacturer for specific fuel system requiremen
Slide 58: Operating Costs of NG-Fueled Generator Sets
Operational Considerations Operating Costs of NG-Fueled Generator Sets Natural Gas Operating Costs ▪ Natural gas generator set may be associated with greater capital costs (when compared to diesel) due to power density. ▪ Long term total cost of ownership indicates for diesel and natural gas product
Slide 59: Concept Check
Concept Check When considering natural gas generator sets, what are some of the key installation and operational differentiators when compared to diesel generator sets? (choose all that apply) a) Sound attenuation and mufflers b) Fuel system design requirements c) Fuel quality management d) Foundati
Slide 60: Concept Check
Concept Check When considering natural gas generator sets, what are some of the key installation and operational differentiators when compared to diesel generator sets? (choose all that apply) a) Sound attenuation and mufflers b) Fuel system design requirements c) Fuel quality management d) Foundati
Slide 61: Myths and Misconceptions
Gaseous Generator Set Applications Myths and Misconceptions MYTH: “Gaseous generator sets may not be suitable for emergency or life safety applications.” ✓ Generator set manufacturers may be able to offer gaseous-fueled products that meet a wide range of applications. ✓ Natural gas may be acceptable
Slide 62: Myths and Misconceptions
Gaseous Generator Set Applications Myths and Misconceptions MYTH: “Because gaseous generator sets are cleaner than their diesel counterparts, they NEVER need exhaust aftertreatment.” ✓ Emissions limits may be based on a combination of Federal (US EPA), state (local air board) or customer-driven requ
Slide 63: Myths and Misconceptions
Gaseous Generator Set Applications Myths and Misconceptions MYTH: “Because gaseous generator sets are cleaner than their diesel counterparts, they NEVER need exhaust aftertreatment.” ✓ Emissions limits may be based on a combination of Federal (US EPA), state (local air board) or customer-driven requ
Slide 64: Myths and Misconceptions
Gaseous Generator Set Applications Myths and Misconceptions MYTH: “Gaseous generator set transient performance and load acceptance is always worse than their diesel counterparts.” ✓ Rated load acceptance may not be suitable as a benchmark for product performance – transient performance limits must b
Slide 65: Myths and Misconceptions
Gaseous Generator Set Applications Myths and Misconceptions MYTH: “Gaseous generator set transient performance and load acceptance is always worse than their diesel counterparts.” 250KW 750KW ✓ Rated load acceptance may not be suitable as a Diesel RB Gas Diesel RB Gas benchmark for product performan
Slide 66: Myths and Misconceptions
Gaseous Generator Set Applications Myths and Misconceptions MYTH: “Gaseous generator set transient performance and load acceptance is always worse than their diesel counterparts.” 250KW 750KW ✓ Rated load acceptance may not be suitable as a Diesel RB Gas Diesel RB Gas benchmark for product performan
Slide 67: Gaseous Generator Sets Key Takeaways
Gaseous Generator Sets Key Takeaways Natural gas fueled generator sets can provide… … reliable power generation in emergency and non-emergency applications … emissions solutions that fit application requirements … high efficiency options for prime and continuous operation … compliance with appropria
Slide 68: Course Summary
Course Summary Considerations for Specifying Generator Set Fuel Sources • Recognize performance requirements applicable to both diesel and gaseous generator sets. • Describe key features and capabilities of gaseous generator sets. • List key considerations unique to gaseous generator set installatio
Slide 69: Additional Resources
Additional Resources Cummins White Papers ▪ Understanding EPA NSPS Emissions Regulations for Stationary Spark-ignited Engines ▪ The Latest Evolution Of Distributed Energy Resources: Opportunity For Business Within The PJM ▪ Utilizing Flare Gas To Generate Power For The Oil And Gas Sector ▪ Palm Oil
Slide 70: Q&A
Q&A Type your questions, comments, feedback in the WebEx Q&A box. We will get to as many questions as we can. We will publish consolidated FAQ along with presentation and webinar recording on powersuite.cummins.com Your local Cummins contacts: ➢ Western Canada: Ian Lindquist (ian.Lindquist@cummins.c
Slide 71: Closing
Closing Watch out for a follow-up email including:. • A Link to webinar recording and presentation • A PDH Certificate Visit powersuite.cummins.com for: • PowerHour webinar recording, presentation and FAQ archive • Other Cummins Continuing Education programs • Sizing and specification development to
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