Hinge Health, Inc. · NYSE:HNGE

Hinge Health — Investor Day (June 2026)

77 slides from Hinge Health's investor day presentation, Jun 10, 2026

Slide 2: Legal disclaimer
Legal disclaimer This presentation contains forward-looking statements about Hinge Health, Inc. (the "Company," "Hinge Health,” "we," "us," or "our") and its industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this presenta
Slide 3: This afternoon's agenda
This afternoon’s agenda Time Topic Speaker(s) 1:00-1:05pm CT Introduction and agenda Bianca Buck - Head of IR 1:05-1:10pm CT Strategy & vision Dan Perez - Co-Founder & CEO Jim Pursley – President 1:10-1:30pm CT Commercial Momentum Aaryn Pure - CCO 1:30-1:40pm CT Digital care experience Linda Leung -
Slide 5: Using technology to scale and automate the delivery of care
To use technology to scale and automate the delivery of care. © Hinge Health Confidential 5
Slide 9: MSK costs are too big to ignore
MSK costs are too big to ignore… …with the majority driven by surgery, imaging and physical therapy Annual aggregate total direct health spend estimates by condition3 % ~40 of adults in the U.S. suffer from an MSK disorder1 $661B4 $449B % ~9 $295B $221B of adults in the U.S. pursue in-person physica
Slide 10: Our platform — reimagined MSK care
Our platform — reimagined MSK care Personalized Exercise care plan therapy Pain relief Care team In-person care © Hinge Health Confidential 10
Slide 11: Why we win
Why we win We seek to be the best solution on the market, the most validated and the easiest to buy Product experience Go-to-market Scale Single consumer grade app with Efficient and repeatable Data flywheel: more members → computer-vision based exercise go-to-market motion better models → better ou
Slide 12: Expanding beyond MSK
Expanding beyond MSK MSK MIGRAINE Other verticals Digital Care Specialist care In-person care © Hinge Health Confidential 12
Slide 13: Commercial momentum
Commercial momentum Jim Pursley President Aaryn Pure Chief Commercial Officer © Hinge Health Confidential 13
Slide 14: Efficient, targeted sales model
Efficient, targeted sales model Leveraging direct client relationships and partners Direct to employer sale Additional Strong client demand partnership drives partnerships with agreements signed health plans / PBMs Member, client & partner satisfaction leads to flywheel Partnerships expand to other
Slide 15: Simple sales motion driven by Hinge Health & accelerated by partners
Simple sales motion driven by Hinge Health & accelerated by partners Employers Partners facilitate easier and faster contracting and Enterprise, Large Market & SMB implementation + Partners Health plans Fully-insured, Medicare Advantage, and Federal lines of business © Hinge Health Confidential 15
Slide 16: Deep integration with our partners
Deep integration with our partners % 60+ 5/5 3/3 100 Partnerships with Largest national health Top PBMs1,3 Partner retention1,4 health plans, PBMs, 3rd plans1,2 party administrators and other entities1 Notes: 1As of March 31, 2026. 2Based on number of self-insured lives as of December 31, 2025. 3Pha
Slide 17: 2,800+ clients
Companies across a broad range of sizes choose Hinge Health as their MSK solution Representing over 25+ industries 2,800+ clients 1 53% of Fortune 100 2 45% of Fortune 500 2 88 Client NPS 1 97% Client retention 3 Notes: Refer to glossary of terms in appendix 1As of March 31, 2026. 2As of December 31
Slide 18: Our member lifecycle journey
Our member lifecycle journey 1 Target members and build awareness 2 Member enrollment ramp 3 Member retention and re-engagement Target via HingeConnect, AI-driven Quick deployment across member base, Enso for non-addictive and database for member identification start exercise therapies right after i
Slide 19: Notable successes in recent member acquisition initiatives
Notable successes in recent member acquisition initiatives Member referrals Member renewals Email content +118% +80% +125% Billable Members Billable Members Billable Members Note: Billable member growth is Q1 y/y growth from Q1 25 to Q1 26 © Hinge Health Confidential 19
Slide 20: Hinge Health delivers 3.0x ROI in year 1
Hinge Health delivers 3.0x Percent of savings per member by service type ROI in year 1 Imaging 4% Injections 5% 203,518 participants across 916 Provider 6% employers in 23 industries visits Other* 7% 3.0x ROI Therapy PT/OT 23% Control-matched MSK medical claims analysis: • 2 years • Hinge Health gro
Slide 21: 110M+ lives of opportunity within our existing partnerships
110M+ lives of opportunity within our existing partnerships (Millions of lives) 35M Hinge lives Repeatable go-to-market Whitespace 26M motion that scales across partners and products 21M 110M+ accessible lives within 33M 17M current partners — ours to 15M 23M convert 17M 13M Major growth lever is ex
Slide 22: Substantial market opportunities to land
Substantial market opportunities to land ~25M contracted lives1,2 across 2,800+ clients3 in existing markets Existing opportunities Expansion opportunities ~215M lives in existing markets Large population of incremental lives in new markets ~216M lives in existing markets 90%+ whitespace in existing
Slide 23: Room to further penetrate the 119M life self-insured market
Room to further penetrate the 119M life self-insured market 30M (Millions of lives) 27M 27M Hinge lives ~97M lives of opportunity Whitespace within the self-insured market 21M 18M 23M 23M 17M Continue to strengthen self-insured enterprise sales 14M team 16M Deepening focus in public sector and SMB m
Slide 24: Why we win
Why we win We seek to be the best solution on the market, the most validated and the easiest to buy Product experience Go-to-market Scale Single consumer grade app with Efficient and repeatable Data flywheel: more members → computer-vision based exercise go-to-market motion better models → better ou
Slide 25: HingeSelect — unified MSK care
HingeSelect — unified MSK care High-performance network of in-person providers Members Client Access to high quality, Benefit from reduced in-person care at low or no healthcare spending (up to direct cost to them 30-50% below commercial benchmarks) and better Coordinated care with one plan employee
Slide 26: National in-person provider network
National in-person provider network Network density % 91 members living within the HingeSelect network footprint 4,100+ contracted provider locations (and growing) Emerging Established © Hinge Health Confidential 26
Slide 27: HingeSelect results in action
HingeSelect Results in action % % 9.4/10 20 Likelihood to Reduction in total 60 Reduction in imaging and recommend MSK spend surgery utilization when compared to commercial benchmarks Source: Internal Hinge Health analysis of HingeSelect Early Access cohort, Sept 2025–April 2026. © Hinge Health Conf
Slide 28: HingeSelect — introducing Surgery
HingeSelect — introducing Surgery Addressing the largest cost driver NEW Surgery drives 2/3 NEW Of all MSK spend1 Up to 50% of surgeries are considered unnecessary2, 3, 4, 5 Sources: 1Hinge Health 2023 book of business claims data analysis; Optum Commercial, MA & BHI Commercial claims data analysis
Slide 30: Redesigning the member experience
Redesigning the member experience: Balance credibility & warmth, with energetic momentum © Hinge Health Confidential 30
Slide 31: Proprietary AI-driven database for personalization, engagement and scale
Proprietary AI-driven database for personalization, engagement and scale Proprietary Scalable and data sources personalized care 2M+ lifetime members1 Scale and improve quality of care Proprietary Data Clinical modifications -> Hinge Health structured evaluation data Personalized 100M+ member care p
Slide 32: Robin: optimizing the member experience
2026 Robin: optimizing the member experience © Hinge Health Confidential 32
Slide 33: Movement analysis
Movement analysis Enhancing subjective outcomes with objective metrics Provides a HingeScore™ that lets members track improvement Precise measurements using TrueMotion® 3D motion tracking Clinical insights empower PTs to deliver timely, tailored care © Hinge Health Confidential 33
Slide 34: Movement Analysis: increasing depth
Pain Movement Analysis: Range of Motion increasing Strength NEW depth Endurance NEW © Hinge Health Confidential 34
Slide 35: Migraine: low access, high costs
Migraine: low access, high costs $16K plan cost per migraine member2 1 in 6 people suffer from migraines; 2x more common in women vs men1 4-7 months Average wait time to see a headache specialist3 60% report dissatisfaction with migraine treatment options4 $25 Billion Estimated annual Migraine direc
Slide 36: Roughly % of people with migraine also have neck pain
% 75 ROUGHLY OF PEOPLE WITH MIGRAINE also have neck pain Source: Ashina, S., Bendtsen, L., Lyngberg, A. C., Lipton, R. B., Hajiyeva, N., & Jensen, R. (2015). Prevalence of neck pain in migraine and tension-type headache: A population study. Cephalalgia, 35(3), 211–219. © Hinge Health Confidential 36
Slide 37: Migraine care: rapid, drug-free pain relief
Migraine care Rapid, drug-free pain relief FDA-cleared Enso reduces migraine pain in minutes 56% Of participants reduced pain from severe/moderate to mild/none 2.4x More likely to reduce pain vs placebo Source: Hinge Health (2025) Internal unpublished study using Enso to apply TENS stimulation for m
Slide 38: Migraine care: personalized trigger tracking & insights
Migraine care Personalized trigger tracking & insights AI-powered insights help members identify and manage migraine triggers © Hinge Health Confidential 38
Slide 39: Migraine care: proactive prevention
Migraine care Proactive prevention Exercise therapy and lifestyle guidance reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks © Hinge Health Confidential 39
Slide 41: Under the hood
Under the hood AI that makes the experience work What’s powering the member experience Computer vision in-house since 2021 — years before the GenAI wave GenAI care team assistant in production since 2023 Proprietary dataset driving models: 2M+ members1, 100M+ sessions2 Note: 1As of April 30, 2026. 2
Slide 42: TrueMotion
TrueMotion Upleveling our computer vision 40 Issued patents 88 Pending patents As of 12/31/25 © Hinge Health Confidential 42
Slide 43: Movement analysis
Movement analysis Measurement that works in real homes 63% PCP increase from 45% ~2.2% Reduction in angle errors Note: PCP (Percentage of Correct Parts): share of predicted body landmarks within half a limb's length of ground truth. Angle error: mean absolute difference in degrees between predicted
Slide 44: AI-powered care team
AI-powered care team AI-supported care team assistant Summarizes aggregate medical Licensed doctors of Board-certified Orthopedic information physical therapy (DPT) health coaches specialists ~97% Reduction in human care team hours associated with traditional physical therapy1 Automates suggested me
Slide 45: Human-in-the-loop
Human-in-the-loop Turning unstructured data into structured actionable data ~450 person care team Every care team edit is AI proves what it can Graduate tasks use AI assistant in live labeled training data safely own to Robin care delivery Frees care team → for richer edits © Hinge Health Confidenti
Slide 46: Robin
Robin Multi agent architecture Member Session Triage plan Escalation Progress Robin Tech Pain Care team support support Member context © Hinge Health Confidential 46
Slide 47: AI in every builder's workflow
AI in every builder’s workflow Engineering PRs per week Non-GAAP R&D expense as a percent of revenue1 37% 5x+ 25% 2.5x 15% 14% 1.0x 2024 2025 2026 2023 2024 2025 Q1 2026 Notes: 1See appendix for a reconciliation of non-GAAP research and development operating expense to the most comparable GAAP finan
Slide 49: Understanding the key revenue drivers
Understanding the key revenue drivers 20.1M 3.9% $858 2025 average X 2025 yield X 2025 average eligible lives sales price = $671M 2025 calculated billings (Revenue recognized ratably over 12-month member subscription period) $588M 2025 revenue (Sum ratable recognition) Notes: Refer to glossary of te
Slide 50: Strong track record of adding clients and lives
Strong track record of adding clients and lives Clients Contracted lives 25M 2,830 20M 2,256 16M 1,657 12M 1,056 Notes: Refer to glossary of terms in appendix. © Hinge Health Confidential 50
Slide 51: Historical yield growth through product innovation, member experience and marketing
Historical yield growth through focus on product innovation, member experience and effective marketing initiatives Annual yield New program and product rollouts to +100 4%+ address more affected areas in MSK and bps 3.9% MSK adjacencies (e.g. Migraine) Better product experience with capabilities lik
Slide 52: Growth profile demonstrating rapid expansion at scale
Growth profile demonstrating rapid expansion at scale LTM calculated Revenue billings wt h $770M wt h $182M o o gr gr % % 52 47 $124M $507M Q1 20251 Q1 20261 Q1 20252 Q1 20262 Notes: Refer to glossary of terms in appendix. 1LTM calculated billings for the twelve-month periods ended March 31, 2025 an
Slide 53: Continued margin expansion and operating leverage
Continued margin expansion and operating leverage Non-GAAP operating Non-GAAP gross margin1 Free cash flow1 income1 $46M ps 85% ~4 00 b $42M 81% $15M $4M Q1 20252 Q1 20262 Q1 20252 Q1 20262 Q1 20252 Q1 20262 Margin (%) 12% 25% Margin (%) 3% 23% 1 Notes: See appendix for a description of non-GAAP gro
Slide 54: Ongoing non-GAAP gross margin and operating margin improvements
Ongoing non-GAAP gross margin and operating margin improvements Non-GAAP gross margin1 Non-GAAP operating margin1 ~1,400 bps margin expansion ~6,100 bps margin expansion 85% 85% 28% 25% 83% 83% 18% 19% 20% 82% 81% 12% 79% 77% 71% (4%) (16%) (36%) Notes: 1See appendix for a description of non-GAAP re
Slide 55: Substantial free cash flow generation
Substantial free cash flow generation Free cash flow1 Free cash flow margin1 $81M $62M 53% $42M 36% $37M 32% $33M 27% $28M 23% 23% 16% $14M $4M 3% ($34M) (41%) Notes: 1See appendix for a description of non-GAAP reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP financial measure. © Hinge Health Confidential
Slide 56: Updated guidance
Updated guidance Q2: • Revenue: $194-196M, 40% y/y growth → Revenue: $200-202M, 45% y/y growth • Non-GAAP income from operations: $47-49M → Non-GAAP income from operations: $50-52M • 25% margin at the midpoint → 25% margin at the midpoint 2026: • Revenue: $798-804M, 36% y/y growth → Revenue: $818-82
Slide 57: IPO to today: outperforming expectations
IPO to today Outperforming expectations Year ended December 31 2025 2025 2026 2026 Post-IPO Estimate Actual Post-IPO Estimate Current guidance Revenue $507M $588M $607M $821M Revenue growth 30% 51% 20% 40% Non-GAAP operating margin1 6% 20% 9% 27% Notes: 1See appendix for a description of non-GAAP re
Slide 58: Migraine opportunity
Migraine opportunity Contracted Eco partners Contracted lives clients approved 300 3M+ 15 All under the same usage based pricing model our clients know and love Note: Data as of June 2, 2026 © Hinge Health Confidential 58
Slide 59: HingeSelect: building a durable long-term revenue opportunity
HingeSelect: building a durable long-term revenue opportunity $660B ROI Revenue drivers opportunity HingeSelect provides Opportunity to improve member In addition to PT & imaging, additional opportunities to outcomes and client ROI, while adding a HingeSelect now addresses reduce medical costs for h
Slide 60: HingeSelect - early proof
HingeSelect - early proof 4,100+ 6 clients provider locations early access clients across all 50 states representing 91% 400K+ of members live lives in the HingeSelect footprint Emerging Established 3/5 2/3 87% 9.4/10 of the largest national largest PBMs directed to members likelihood to health plan
Slide 61: HingeSelect economic building blocks — early stage to scale
HingeSelect economic building blocks — early stage to scale 60%+ 5%+ $300+ 0.75%+ of total eligible lives yield for HingeSelect revenue per member incremental adopt HingeSelect program (on top of the core yield increase to core digital ASP) digital program 2% Today at 400k lives/25M Scales with surg
Slide 62: Substantial market opportunities to land
Substantial market opportunities to land ~25M contracted lives1,2 across 2,800+ clients3 in existing markets Existing opportunities Expansion opportunities ~215M lives in existing markets Large population of incremental lives in new markets ~216M lives in existing markets 90%+ whitespace in existing
Slide 63: Yield expansion opportunities
Yield expansion opportunities 20%+ HingeSelect, Migraine & future ~12-15% verticals3 Expansion of physical therapy 40% of adults in the U.S. suffer from an MSK disorder2 ~9% Of U.S adults pursue physical therapy1 4%+ 2026E yield Notes: 1Based on our analysis of health claims data obtained from a de-
Slide 64: Updated non-GAAP target operating model
Updated non-GAAP target operating model Target • Steady-state rule of 2026 55-60+ given high 2025A Operating Guidance growth and Profile substantial margin Revenue growth 51% 40% 20-25%+ Gross margin1 83% 85% ~85% • We will leverage AI and technology to scale Sales & marketing1 35% - 30%-32% the ent
Slide 65: Unified care with durable distribution moat and AI embedded end-to-end
Unified care spanning digital care + specialist care + in-person care Durable distribution moat with significant whitespace in existing channels Proven clinical and financial outcomes for clients and members AI embedded end-to-end: proprietary outcome-linked data and clinical IP that compounds with
Slide 67: Non-GAAP gross profit and gross margin annual reconciliation
Non-GAAP gross profit and gross margin annual reconciliation Year ended December 31 ($ in millions, except percentages) 2023 2024 2025 GAAP gross profit $194 $300 $468 GAAP gross margin 66% 77% 80% Excess and obsolete inventory charges 10 2 - Stock-based compensation expense <1 <1 19 Employer payrol
Slide 68: Non-GAAP gross profit and gross margin quarterly reconciliation
Non-GAAP gross profit and gross margin quarterly reconciliation Three months ended ($ in millions, except percentages) Q1’24 Q2’24 Q3’24 Q4’24 Q1’25 Q2’25 Q3’25 Q4’25 Q1'26 GAAP gross profit $58 $67 $79 $96 $100 $98 $126 $144 $154 GAAP gross margin 70% 74% 79% 82% 81% 70% 82% 84% 85% Excess and obso
Slide 69: Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and operating margin annual reconciliation
Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and operating margin annual reconciliation Year ended December 31 ($ in millions, except percentages) 2023 2024 2025 GAAP income (loss) from operations ($131) ($32) ($546) GAAP operating margin (45%) (8%) (93%) Excess and obsolete inventory charges 10 2 - Stock
Slide 70: Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and operating margin quarterly reconciliation
Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and operating margin quarterly reconciliation Three months ended ($ in millions, except percentages) Q1’24 Q2’24 Q3’24 Q4’24 Q1’25 Q2’25 Q3’25 Q4’25 Q1'26 GAAP income (loss) from operations ($31) ($18) ($4) $21 $13 ($581) ($6) $27 $32 GAAP operating margin (38%
Slide 71: Non-GAAP operating expenses reconciliation
Non-GAAP operating expenses reconciliation ($ in millions) ($ in millions) ($ in millions) 2024A 2025A 2024A 2025A 2024A 2025A GAAP research and GAAP general and GAAP sales and marketing $167 $317 $101 $368 $64 $330 development administrative Stock-based Stock-based Stock-based compensation (<1) (10
Slide 72: Non-GAAP net income reconciliation
Non-GAAP net income reconciliation Three months ended ($ in millions, except percentages) Q1’ 25 Q1 ‘26 GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders, diluted $121 $34 Stock-based compensation expense <1 12 Employer payroll tax expense related to stock-based compensation - 1 Amortization of in
Slide 73: Free cash flow reconciliation
Free cash flow reconciliation Year ended December 31 ($ in millions, except percentages) 2023 2024 2025 Net cash provided by (used in) operating ($64) $49 $171 activities Operating cash flow margin (22%) 13% 29% Adjustment for employer taxes at IPO - - 14 related to stock-based compensation Less pur
Slide 74: Quarterly free cash flow reconciliation
Quarterly free cash flow reconciliation ($ in millions, except percentages) Q1’ 24 Q2’ 24 Q3’ 24 Q4’ 24 Q1’ 25 Q2’ 25 Q3’ 25 Q4’ 25 Q1’ 26 Net cash provided by (used ($33) $15 $28 $38 $5 $20 $82 $64 $43 in) operating activities Operating cash flow margin (39%) 17% 28% 33% 4% 15% 53% 37% 24% Adjustme
Slide 75: Statement regarding use of non-GAAP financial measures in guidance
Statement regarding use of non- GAAP financial measures in guidance We have not reconciled our non-GAAP income (loss) from operations guidance to GAAP income (loss) from operations because we do not and are not able to provide guidance for GAAP income (loss) from operations due to the uncertainty an
Slide 76: Glossary of terms
Glossary of terms Term Definition Annual Yield Annual yield is calculated as the number of members at the end of a given twelve-month period divided by LTM average eligible lives. Clients Businesses or organizations, which we call entities, that have at least one active agreement with us at the end
Slide 77: Glossary of terms (cont'd)
Glossary of terms (cont’d) Term Definition Medicare Advantage Health plan for people aged 65 and older that is managed by private insurance companies that contract with the federal government. These private insurance companies receive a set payment from Medicare, administer benefits, and bear the fi

Hinge Health — Investor Day (June 2026) on 6ix

Hinge Health — Investor Day (June 2026)

Slide 1: Investor Day

Slide 2: Legal disclaimer

Slide 3: This afternoon's agenda

Slide 4: Strategy & vision

Slide 5: Using technology to scale and automate the delivery of care

Slide 6: © Hinge Health Confidential

Slide 7: © Hinge Health Confidential

Slide 8: © Hinge Health Confidential

Slide 9: MSK costs are too big to ignore

Slide 10: Our platform — reimagined MSK care

Slide 11: Why we win

Slide 12: Expanding beyond MSK

Slide 13: Commercial momentum

Slide 14: Efficient, targeted sales model

Slide 15: Simple sales motion driven by Hinge Health & accelerated by partners

Slide 16: Deep integration with our partners

Slide 17: 2,800+ clients

Slide 18: Our member lifecycle journey

Slide 19: Notable successes in recent member acquisition initiatives

Slide 20: Hinge Health delivers 3.0x ROI in year 1

Slide 21: 110M+ lives of opportunity within our existing partnerships

Slide 22: Substantial market opportunities to land

Slide 23: Room to further penetrate the 119M life self-insured market

Slide 24: Why we win

Slide 25: HingeSelect — unified MSK care

Slide 26: National in-person provider network

Slide 27: HingeSelect results in action

Slide 28: HingeSelect — introducing Surgery

Slide 29: Digital care experience

Slide 30: Redesigning the member experience

Slide 31: Proprietary AI-driven database for personalization, engagement and scale

Slide 32: Robin: optimizing the member experience

Slide 33: Movement analysis

Slide 34: Movement Analysis: increasing depth

Slide 35: Migraine: low access, high costs

Slide 36: Roughly % of people with migraine also have neck pain

Slide 37: Migraine care: rapid, drug-free pain relief

Slide 38: Migraine care: personalized trigger tracking & insights

Slide 39: Migraine care: proactive prevention

Slide 40: Our approach to AI

Slide 41: Under the hood

Slide 42: TrueMotion

Slide 43: Movement analysis

Slide 44: AI-powered care team

Slide 45: Human-in-the-loop

Slide 46: Robin

Slide 47: AI in every builder's workflow

Slide 48: Financials

Slide 49: Understanding the key revenue drivers

Slide 50: Strong track record of adding clients and lives

Slide 51: Historical yield growth through product innovation, member experience and marketing

Slide 52: Growth profile demonstrating rapid expansion at scale

Slide 53: Continued margin expansion and operating leverage

Slide 54: Ongoing non-GAAP gross margin and operating margin improvements

Slide 55: Substantial free cash flow generation

Slide 56: Updated guidance

Slide 57: IPO to today: outperforming expectations

Slide 58: Migraine opportunity

Slide 59: HingeSelect: building a durable long-term revenue opportunity

Slide 60: HingeSelect - early proof

Slide 61: HingeSelect economic building blocks — early stage to scale

Slide 62: Substantial market opportunities to land

Slide 63: Yield expansion opportunities

Slide 64: Updated non-GAAP target operating model

Slide 65: Unified care with durable distribution moat and AI embedded end-to-end

Slide 66: Appendix

Slide 67: Non-GAAP gross profit and gross margin annual reconciliation

Slide 68: Non-GAAP gross profit and gross margin quarterly reconciliation

Slide 69: Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and operating margin annual reconciliation

Slide 70: Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and operating margin quarterly reconciliation

Slide 71: Non-GAAP operating expenses reconciliation

Slide 72: Non-GAAP net income reconciliation

Slide 73: Free cash flow reconciliation

Slide 74: Quarterly free cash flow reconciliation

Slide 75: Statement regarding use of non-GAAP financial measures in guidance

Slide 76: Glossary of terms

Slide 77: Glossary of terms (cont'd)