Slide 1: Battery Webinar: The battery power behind the world's first electric VTOL Jet
Battery Webinar The battery power behind the world’s first electric VTOL Jet November 10th, 2023 P. 1
Slide 2: Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors
Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors This presentation contains certain forw ard-looking statements w ithin the meaning of the federal securities law s, including, but not limited to, statements regarding (i) the Lilium Group’s proposed business and business model, the markets and industry in
Slide 3: Legal Disclaimer
Legal Disclaimer p. 2 No Representations or Warranties No representations or w arranties, express or implied, are given in, or in respect of, this presentation or the accompanying oral presentation (collectively, this “presentation”). This presentation does not purport to be comprehensive or all-inc
Slide 4: Agenda
P. 4 1. Opening 2. Why Battery Powered Flight? 3. What is the power consumption of the Lilium Jet? How did you validate it? 4. You need miracle batteries to supply the power of the Lilium Jet. When will they exist? 5. Would losing a battery pack make the resulting power draw unfeasible? 6. How does
Slide 5: Daniel Wiegand, Lilium Founder, Chief Engineer for Innovation
Daniel Wiegand Lilium Founder Chief Engineer for Innovation
Slide 6: Batteries offer highest overall efficiency
Batteries offer highest overall efficiency – any flight that can be done using batteries will be done with batteries Batteries E-Hydrogen E-Fuels (SAF) P. 6 Electricity Price2 ~ $0.36 / kWh Primary Energy Efficiency1 73% 22% 13% Cost / kWh shaft power ~ $0.5 / kWh3 ~ $1.7 / kWh3 ~ $2.8 / kWh Flight
Slide 7: Battery is the major driver of eVTOL performance
P. 7 Battery is the major driver of the performance of an eVTOL Source: Lilium Energy [kWh] Power [kW] COSTS SAFETY CYCLE LIFE CARBON FOOTPRINT MATERIALS AVAILABILITY RECYCLABILITY
Slide 8: Our key differentiators
Our key differentiators Source: Lilium P. 8 Largest Cabin Low Operating Cost Regional Flights
Slide 9: Passengers prefer ducted fans
Passengers prefer ducted fans P. 9 Conventional aircraft Electric aircraft 95% of all global airplanes use ducted fans, which are preferred by customers1 for their… Jet (Ducted Fans) Higher Comfort Speed Higher Safety: Failure Containment Lower Noise Low Vibrations Lower Safety: No blade loss contai
Slide 10: Electric hover power simplified calculation
UNIT LILIUM JET3 PROPELLER eVTOL4 Disc Loading kg/m² 1,150 60 (A) Lift Efficiency kg/kW 1.7 3.6 (B = 1 / A) Shaft Specific Power kW/kg 0.59 0.28 (C) Electric Power Train Efficiency % 87% 87% (D = B / C) Specific Electric Power kW/kg 0.68 0.32 (E) Aircraft weight kg 3,175 3,175 (F = D x E) Electric H
Slide 11: Hover power estimate vs real measurements
@Graphics : wip Icon production vs. demo UNIT LILIUM JET3 DEMONSTRATOR RESULTS Disc Loading kg/m² 1,150 1,150 (D) Specific Electric Power kW/kg 0.68 (E) Gross weight kg 3,175 (F = D x E) Electric Hover Power kW 2,147 P. 11 Hover Power simple estimate1 vs. real measurements2 1,9694 Comparing simple p
Slide 12: Industry best practice tools for precise power estimates
P. 12 We’re using industry best practice tools to obtain precise power estimates – evidence-based engineering Sources: Lilium flight testing, wind-tunnel testing, in-house measurements, inhouse CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations, A/C (Aircraft) performance model L F W=mg0 D 4 YEARS of fl
Slide 13: Jet design best suited eVTOL configuration for regional missions
this P. 13 Hover(less than 20kts speed) makes 9% of mission energy. A propeller would only reduce this to ~4%. However,… We believe Lilium’s Jet design is the best suited eVTOL configuration for regional missions Power profile on a 175 km regional mission ....in Cruise, our engine cross section is b
Slide 14: Translating aircraft power draws to cell level requirements
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 State Of Charge [%] Specific Cell Power [kW/kg] (Measurement1 @30°C, 30 sec pulse) Translating aircraft power draws to cell level power requirements Sources: Lilium; 1. Released test data from Energy Assurance for Ionblox cells at End of Pulse 2.47
Slide 15: Flying proof with standard Li-ion chemistries
P. 15 We have a flying proof that our jet design works with standard Li-ion chemistries Cell1 : LG HG2 Cell type: Cylindrical – 18650 Cell design Year: 2013 Main application: e-Cigarettes First flight: 2019 Discloading: 1,150 kg/m2 Phoenix 1 Sources: Lilium; 1. Module cell at Lilium's warehouse, man
Slide 16: Switch to pouch cells
P. 16 We switched to pouch cells as they have less overhead mass, higher energy density and allow for better packaging efficiency First flight: 2021 Discloading: 1,150 kg/m2 Phoenix 2 Cell1 : KOKAM Li-ion Cell type: Pouch Cell design Year: 2015 Main application: Forklifter Sources: Lilium; 1. Module
Slide 17: Conforming aircraft battery cell specifications
Source: Lilium Engineering Estimates; Ionblox Engineering Estimates; CustomCells Conforming A/C battery cell specifications P. 17 ELEMENT DESCRIPTION Design (California, USA) Investors include Temasek, Applied Materials and Lilium Design Year 2021 1 st Manufacturer (Tübingen, Germany) Form factor Po
Slide 18: Our cell performance is in line with current high-performance chemistry
Sources: Lilium: Company Information; Swaytronic: Company Information on Sway Graphene HC-LiPo; Tesla: Batemo and EV Database; Farasis P73: Batemo; Amprius; CATL: Company Information and Lilium assessment Tesla Model S Plaid (Graphite Anode) 0 5 10 15 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Swaytro
Slide 19: Silicon anode technology will be state of the art in automotive
By the time Lilium's Jet will enter the market, Silicon Anode Technology will be state of the art in premium automotive Sources: Lilium; https://spectrum.ieee.org/silicon-anode-battery “[…] General Motors and OneD Battery Sciences in Palo Alto, Calif., are putting OneD’s silicon nanotechnology into
Slide 20: Independent battery packs provide power in case of failure
Our aircraft has 10 independent battery packs providing sufficient power in case of failure Sources: Lilium Engineering Estimates x10 battery packs In case of failure of 1 pack, power increases by +11% across the rest of the 9 independent packs P. 20 5 ISN’T THE POWER DRAW OF YOUR AIRCRAFT GROWING T
Slide 21: All battery safety requirements included
All battery safety requirements included − Crash protection − Cell fire containment − Flight loads − Redundant power distribution − Dissimilar and redundant battery management − Traceability and Process Control All battery safety requirements included for both European and U.S. certification P. 21 N
Slide 22: Applicable reserve concepts and regulation
− The FAA have a 30-minute energy reserve requirement for VFR day and 45-minute for VFR night. − U.S. and Global industry are pushing to converge towards performance-based framework for energy reserves and the SFAR in general. − Lilium’s commentaries submitted on August 12, 2023, pending FAA next st
Slide 23: US applicants asking for a performance-based approach
US applicants asking for a performance-based approach: General Aviation Manufacturers Association “GAMA advocates for the adoption of appropriate operating rules based on each aircraft's performance characteristics, highlighting the need to modernize legacy fuel-based energy reserves and reconsider
Slide 24: Deep dive on EASA Part IAM and implications for Lilium
Deep dive on EASA Part IAM and implications for Lilium Sources: Lilium; Part IAM EASA P. 24 A B Contingency At touchdow n in B the aircraft must have 10% of the total trip energy left. This is equivalent to an additional 45 sec of hover. 3° – 7° LDP (Landing Decision Point) Final Reserve Balked Land
Slide 25: Validated landing performance in simulator
− Mixed reality 3D simulator with motion platform − Validated control laws and representative cockpit − Night, rain and wind simulations − Provides statistical evidence for landing performance Validated landing performance in ~750 landings with different pilots Sources: Lilium P. 25 Pilots consisten
Slide 26: Testing cells on reference flight profile
P. 26 We’ve been intensively testing our cells based on reference flight profile (1/2) Source: Lilium inhouse testing of cell performance Iterative testing of max range missions based on reference flight profile minV Depth of Discharge (%) Min. Voltage vs Depth of Discharge Voltage (V) First Flight
Slide 27: Cells show similar cycle life as standard Li-ion cells
88% capacity retention over 809 full cycles Key highlights − Rate: 1C / 1C − Depth of discharge: 100% − Voltage: 2.5 – 4.2 Volts − Format: Full Size Pouch P. 27 Our cells show similar cycle life as standard Li-ion cells’ Ionblox cell testing – Cycle capacity summary 8 USUALLY, SILICON ANODE CELLS HA
Slide 28: Cycle life increases with real flight profiles
P. 28 Cycle Life increases with real flight profiles Sources: Lilium inhouse testing of cells performance − Charge rate: 2C (30 min charge) − Charge End: 100% − Profile: Reference Flight Profile − Peak Power: 2.9 kW/kg − Capacity check: every 50 cycles − Flight Distance: ~130km − No adverse effects
Slide 29: Production ramp-up with CustomCells
Deep dive on our production ramp-up with CustomCells Sources: Lilium; CustomCells P. 29 Key highlights − Dedicated production line for Lilium − Shipping cells every week − Prototype production started in 2021 − Compliant with aerospace traceability and conformity − State-of the art electrode and cel
Slide 30: Cells can be manufactured on standard manufacturing lines
Lilium’s cells can be manufactured on standard, available manufacturing lines Sources: Lilium management estimates & company information Pow der Mixing Slurry Mixing Coating Calen-daring Sitting Punching Pow der Mixing Slurry Mixing Coating Calen-daring Pre-Li Sitting Punching Z-Fold Stacking Stack
Slide 31: Deep dive on Pre-Lithiation
Deep dive on Pre-Lithiation: improving cell capacity and cycle life Sources: Lilium; CustomCells; Applied Materials Pre-Lithiation set-up at CustomCells production line (illustrative) Calendaring P. 31 − Simple “Calendaring” process − Pre-Lithiation can be done with most Li-Ion Chemistries and incre
Slide 32: De-risking battery production with multi-sourcing
We are de-risking our battery production thanks to a multi-sourcing approach Sources: Lilium; CustomCells; Inobat; Gotion P. 32 New partnership with We have two credible partners for battery manufacturing Primary cell production with − Inobat to produce Lilium battery cells, with support from Inobat
Slide 33: Battery performance improvement roadmap
Step 2: Achieve up to 400 Wh/kg − Current Si Anode technology − High Nickel Cathode such as NMC9XX − Big trend in automotive to go to high Nickel − Contains less Cobalt − Provides more energy − Existing production process and chemistry family Step 1: Achieve up to 350 Wh/kg − Existing Chemistry − Me
Slide 34: Technology enables larger regional electric aircraft
P. 34 Technology enables larger regional electric aircraft with runway take-off and landing capability, replacing highly carbon intense short-haul flights (e.g., 50-100 seat airliners, business jets, cargo and military aircraft) eCTOL (electric conventional take-off and landing) Increase range of ex
Slide 35: The battery dominates eVTOL performance
The battery dominates eVTOL performance Our battery is a clear competitive advantage and moat to our eVTOL technology. P. 35
Slide 36: Q&A
Q&A