Veolia Environnement Sa · EURONEXT:VIE
Veolia Environnement Sa — Institut Veolia conference, Rio+20 (June 2019)
68 slides from Veolia Environnement Sa's conference presentation, Jun 12, 2019
Slide 1: World Challenges and Climate Change: The Role of Brazil
World Challenges and Climate Change The Role of Brazil Luiz Pinguelli Rosa Director of COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and Secretary of the Brazilian Forum on Climate Change
Slide 2: Energy and Climate: World Challenges
Energy and Climate World Challenges
Slide 3: Energy policy, deregulation, energy policy
Energy policy Æ deregulation Æ energy policy • 1973 and 1979 oil shocks pointed out the need of energy policy and planning by the State to guarantee the supply at national level • Second half of the 1980 decade Æ the fall of oil barrel price did push energy to free market • Years 1990 Æ economy dere
Slide 4: Key challenges in energy policy today
Key challenges in energy policy today Variation of oil barrel price from US$ 10 in 1999 to US$ 70 in 2006 Æup to US$ 140 in 2008 Æ US$ 100 today Prospects of the limits of World oil reserves and production Growth of energy consumption in developing countries, mainly in China in last years, and OECD
Slide 5: Present Climate Change Issues
Present Climate Change Issues • According to IPCC Forth Assessment Report [2007], the world GHG emissions did grow up 70% from 1970 until 2004. • Among them, CO2 emissions have increased 80% and they were 77% of GHG anthropogenic emissions in 2004. • So, CO2 remains as the main GHG from anthropogeni
Slide 6: Growth of GHG emissions from 1970 until 2005
Growth of GHG emissions from 1970 until 2005 • electric energy generation 145%, • transportation 120%, • industry 65% • change of land uses and deforestation 40%.
Slide 7: Present Situation in the World
Present Situation in the World • Developed countries are not reducing their emissions in such a way to limit the global temperature growth in 2° C by the end of the century . • Developing countries tend to increase their emission with the economy growth as they follow developed countries consumption
Slide 8: Energy/GDP and Energy per Capita
Energy per Capita ( E / Pop = E / GDP x GDP / Pop ) Data from years 1980, 85, 90, 2000 and 2005 4,00 Brazil 2005 China 3,50 India 1980 2005 Indones 3,00 300 M BTU / head Mexico Energy/GDP (M Btu / 100 US$) 1980 South 2,50 Africa 200 M BTU / head 1980 Canada 2,00 100 M BTU / head France 2005 German 1
Slide 9: Emission/Energy: CO2 Emissions per Capita from Energy
CO2 Emissions per Capita from Energy (CO2/Pop = E/Pop x CO2/E) Data from years 1980, 85, 90, 85, 2000 and 2005 Brazil 10,0 China 9,0 1980 India 2005 2005 Indonesia 8,0 Emission/Energy (t CO2 / 100 M Btu) 1980 Mexico 7,0 1980 1980 South 2005 Africa 6,0 2005 Canada 1980 5,0 France 1980 1980 Germany 4,
Slide 10: Present Situation in Developing Countries
Present Situation in Developing Countries • High income classes in developing countries have high energy consumption while the majority of population is poor and has very low energy consumption. • So there is strong inequality of the energy consumption and of GHG emissions per capita inside each cou
Slide 11: Criticism and Proposal
Criticism and Proposal • It is not to possible to avoid global warming without any change in business as usual energy consumption and deforestation, from which comes the biggest contribution of Brazil to GHG World emissions. • It is necessary to pay more attention to technology development aside the
Slide 12: Present Situation and Challenges in Brazil
Present Situation and Challenges in Brazil
Slide 13: Present situation in Latin America
Present situation in Latin America 1 – Economic growth after more than a decade of very low development 2 – Very high social inequality 3 – The effects of economic crisis after 2009
Slide 14: Brazil
Brazil Amazon rainforest and river in North Region - half of the Country area Tucurui Hydro (8 GW) Northeast, Southeast Most populated areas Rio madeira Hydro South (8 GW) Most industrialized Æ Southeast Main production of ethanol Oil off shore production Itaipu hydro plant (14 GW) More than 20
Slide 15: Important Economic Activities
Important Economic Activities • Off shore oil technology, self sufficiency in oil production (about 2Mb/d) Recent discovery of oil in deep water Æ Pré-sal Largest producer of ethanol from sugar cane Large hydropower interconnected system Æmore than 80% of electric power
Slide 16: PETROBRAS Records in Off Shore Oil Technology
PETROBRAS Records in Off Shore Oil Technology Navio Aliviador Duto de exportação de óleo Poço Duto de exportação de gás Reservatório Produtor
Slide 17: Offshore Oil Reserves in Brazil at Very Deep Water (Pré-Sal)
Offshore Oil Reserves in Brazil at Very Deep Water (Pré-Sal) From 30 t0 80 bb while present Brazilian Oil Reserves are 14 bb
Slide 18: Continental Size Electric Network
4.000 kms A Continental Size Electric Network SOURSE: ONS – 2002 / ILUMINA
Slide 19: 4.000 kms
Fintandis Moscou. W = avs >) S) S Jt
Slide 20: Electric Exclusion
Electric Exclusion • 12 millions of persons did not have electricity in 2003. • 88% of them are in rural areas • 59% are in the North • In the North there is not electric grid Æ isolated system using dieses oil with subsides of about US$ 2 billions in 2006 Æ alternatve sources of energy potential
Slide 21: Light for All Program
Light for All Program
Slide 22: Renewable and Fossil Energy %
Renewable and Fossil Energy % 100,00% 90,00% 80,00% 70,00% 60,00% 50,00% Renewable 40,00% Fossil 30,00% 20,00% 10,00% 0,00% Brazil World OECD
Slide 23: Hydroelectric Power
Hydroelectric Power
Slide 24: Top ten countries with largest water resources
Table 1 – Top ten countries with largest water resources Thousands Km3/year M3/year/inhabitant* Brazil 8.2 48.3 Russia 4.5 30.9 Canada 2.9 94.3 Indonesia 2.8 13.3 China 2.8 2.2 USA 2.0 7.4 Peru 1.9 74.5 India 1.9 1.8 Congo 1.3 25.1 Venezuela 1.2 51.0 Source: D’Áraujo 2008; FAO 2003; *per capita data
Slide 25: Percentage of economic hydropower potential utilized
Percentage of economic hydropower potential that is currently utilized selected countries Norway 80 Japan 60 Canada USA 40 Brazil Russia 20 India 0 China Source: WEC2007; BEN2007 for Brazil estimate
Slide 26: Countries with highest percentage of hydropower in generation
countries with the highest percentage of hydropower in their electricity generation (%) Norway 100 Brazil 80 Venezuela Canada 60 Sweden 40 Russia China 20 India 0 Japan USA Source: IEA, 2006
Slide 27: Problems of hydroelectricity in Brazil
Problems of hydroelectricity in Brazil • Environmental questions • Movements against dams • Pressure to abandon hydroelectricity expansion • Thermoelectric power plants / hydropower
Slide 28: Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant
Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (Start construction this year) Reduction of Reservoir Area Æ Flow of River
Slide 29: Biofuels
Biofuels
Slide 30: Technological Alternatives for Biomass
TECHNOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVES FOR BIOMASS Technical Process: Biomass: Products: Direct Combustion Firewood Wastes (Bagasse) Fermentation: Sugar Cane Ethanol Bioconversion Corn, etc Anaerobic digestion: Wastes Biogas Pirolisys: Wood Charcoal l Gaseification: Biomass Gas of Sinthesys Chemical / Thermal C
Slide 31: Ethanol in Brazil
Ethanol in Brazil • Successful program of sugar cane ethanol in substitution for gasoline. • Advantage of burning sugar cane bagasse in the distillation process of ethanol, avoiding net greenhouse gas emission. • In the US and EU production of ethanol from corn, fossil fuel is used in the distillati
Slide 32: Ethanol consumption in Brazil
Ethanol consumption in Brazil 1-Total; 2 — As additive to gasoline 3- Pure ethanol engines and flex cars
Slide 33: Sales of Gasoline, Alcohol and Flex Cars in Brazil
Sales of Gasoline, Alcohol and Flex Cars in Brazil
Slide 34: Sugar Cane – Carbon Cycle
Sugar Cane – Carbon Cycle Ref: Suzana K. Ribeiro, COPPE, 2006
Slide 35: GHG emissions in sugar cane ethanol production and avoided CO2
GHG missions in sugar cane ethanol production and avoided CO2 Balance of CO2 capture by sugar cane: D = C’+ E + F + G (3) Net avoided CO2 by sugar cane ethanol = H + H’ – A – B - C (4) A B C C’ D E F G H X suga r Dis tillery etha nol Cars equipments Plantation cane & buildings indirect fertilizers b
Slide 36: Net avoided CO2 in sugar cane ethanol
Net avoided CO2 in terms of percentage of fossil fuel CO2 emission: Sugar cane ethanol P = 1 – (A + B + C) / (H + H’) (6) Corn ethanol P = 1 – (A + B + C + E + F) / H (7) Sugar cane ethanol relative to gasoline P’ = 1 – (A + B + C – H’) / H (8)
Slide 37: Biodiesel: Final Use
BIODIESEL FINAL USE OF BIODIESEL:` ELECTRIC PURE ENERGY B(100) MIX TRANSPORT B(2), B(5), B(20)... BIODIESEL
Slide 38: Inputs
INPUTS Biodiesel Program intends to stimulate family agriculture Main raw materials for the ester production • Vegetable oils Castor oil plant Colza Palm Sunflower Soy
Slide 39: Land use for biofuels and competition with food in Brazil
The issue of land use for biofuels and competittion with food in Brazil: - Present sugar cane production – 7 millions ha about half for sugar , so for ethanol - 4 millions ha - For comparison : Soy bean – 23 millions ha The Country has: 440 Mha of forest 177 Mha of pastures for cattle 152 Mha for ag
Slide 40: The Energy Potential of Sugar Cane
The Energy Potential of Sugar Cane Energy from 1 Metric Ton of Sugar Cane Considering Heat Values Mcal/t of cane 92 litters of ethanol (best value) 478 280 kg of bagasse with 50% of humidity 596 280 kg of trash with 50% of humidity 596 Source: Braunbeck, Macedo and Cortez in [Silveira, 2005]
Slide 41: The main changes in ethanol industry must be
The main changes in ethanol industry must be: a) Improvement of efficiency in the transformation of chemical energy of sugar cane bagasse in heat for distillation and for electric energy, to self consumption and to the grid. b) Participation of bagasse in the electric generation is too small and mus
Slide 42: Brazilian Plan of Action on Climate Change
Brazilian Plan of Action on Climate Change
Slide 43: Brazilian Commitment in 15th COP at Copenhagen
Brazilian Commitment in 15th COP at Copenhagen – December, 2009 • On 13th November 2009 President Lula announced that Brazil should cut betwewen 36.1% and 38.9% of estimeted emissions in 2020. • The president presented this commitment in Copenhagen Conference. • This voluntary goal (as Brazil does n
Slide 44: Elements of the National Plan on Climate Change
Elements of the National Plan on Climate Change presented at Poznam • Actions involving several ministries under coordination of Ministry of Environment for mitigation and adaptation • The first point is to establish targets for reducing deforestation Æ based on the facts: a) most of the GHG Brazili
Slide 45: Brazil's National Plan of Action vs China's Programme
Brazil’s National Plan of Action on Climate Change Main Points China’s National Climate Change Programme Main Challenges 1. Stimulate efficiency increase for better practices in the economy 2. Keep the high share of renewable energy in the electric matrix 3. Increase in the share of biofuels in tran
Slide 46: Research and Development at COPPE
Research and Development at COPPE
Slide 47: COPPE is localized in Fundão Island
COPPE is localized in Fundão Island Campus of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro COPPE
Slide 48: Academic Excellence
Academic Excellence 320 full-time professors COPPE became a model for 3,000 students other universities and research institutes in Brazil.
Slide 49: COPPE D. Sc. and M. Sc. Courses
COPPE D. Sc. and M. Sc. Courses Courses 12 graduate programs for master’s and doctor’s degrees Biomedical Engineering Civil Engineering Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Nuclear Engineering Ocean Engineering Energy Planning Produc
Slide 50: Research and Development in Conventional Energy and Environment
Research and Development I in Conventional Energy and Environment
Slide 51: Offshore oil monitoring
Offshore oil monitoring Satellite images and high performance computing to detect oil on the sea. In partnership with the Petrobras Research Center and Mexican Oil Company, Pemex. This technique has been successfully applied in the Baía de Campeche, in the Gulf of Mexico ( Cantarell field Æ nearly 1
Slide 52: Environmental Modeling System for Water Resources
Environmental Modeling System for Water Resources COPPE has developed a powerful instrument for emergency action planning in cases of the leakage of oil or other contaminants in rivers, reservoirs, lakes, estuaries and coastal waters. A computational modeling system is used to simulate hydrodynamic
Slide 53: Research and Development in Technology and Climate Change
Research and Development in Technology and Climate Change
Slide 54: Model for Comparison of Hydropower with Thermal Power
Hydropower and Climate Change: Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Emission of Reservoirs Model for Comparison of Hydropower with Thermal Power
Slide 55: Emissions from Reservoirs: Funnel Bubble Collector
Emissions from Reservoirs: Instituto Virtual (IVIG) - COPPE Funnel Bubble Collector Coupled to a Gas Collecting Bottle
Slide 56: Group of Collecting Funnels Placed in a Shallow Region
COPPE / UFRJ Group of Collecting Funnels Placed in a Shallow Region
Slide 57: Hydroelectric Plants GHG Emission – COPPE / IVIG
Hydroelectric Plants GHG Emission – COPPE / IVIG
Slide 58: State of the Knowledge
State of the Knowledge Emission of CH4 from hydroelectric reservoirs is always unfavorable to reservoirs. Emissions of CO2 can be attributed in part to the natural carbon cycle between the atmosphere and the water of the reservoir . There are three processes of GHG emissions: diffusive emissions, bu
Slide 59: Main Results
Main Results: Among the 10 reservoirs studied,7 of them, (with 97% of total installed capacity), have GHG emissions per MWh lower than those from natural gas power plants, some of them more than 100 times lower The hydro-power plants with emissions per MWh higher than those of natural gas fuelled po
Slide 60: Ecological Concrete
Ecological Concrete COPPE developed a new kind of concrete that reduces carbon dioxide emissions from the cement industry, which is responsible for 7% of total CO2 delivered . Ecological concrete can substitute up to 40% of common cement in the usual mixture used to prepare concrete To further reduc
Slide 61: Research and Development in Alternative Energy Sources
Research and Development in Alternative Energy Sources
Slide 62: Hydrogen powered bus
In 2010 COPPE has launched a Hydrogen powered bus Designed to have an autonomy of 300 km, using only the energy from: - a nationally manufactured hydrogen fuel cell , - electricity from kinetic energy regeneration in breaking and from the grid accumulated in batteries. The project stands out because
Slide 63: Biodiesel Plant of IVIG/COPPE
Biodiesel Plant of IVIG/COPPE Visit of the President
Slide 64: Garbage > Biodiesel
Tr Garbage > Biodiesel
Slide 65: Electric Energy from Waste at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Electric Energy from Waste at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 30 t/day
Slide 66: Wave Power Plant
Wave Power Plant COPPE has developed a Project for the implantation of the first ocean wave power plant in South America. A pilot plant, capable of generating 500 kW, being implanted in Ceará, in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The pilot power plant design includes a hyperbaric chamber (an equipment
Slide 67: Brazilian Forum on Climatic Change
Brazilian Forum on Climatic Change Secretary: Instituto Virtual Internacional de Mudanças Globais - IVIG COPPE - Centro de Tecnologia da UFRJ Bloco I-2000, Sala 129 – Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro – RJ www.forumclima.org.br
Slide 68: COPPE Rio de Janeiro
COPPE Rio de Janeiro pinguelli@ppe.ufrj.br
Veolia Environnement — Institut Veolia conference, Rio+20 (June 2019) on 6ix