Veolia Environnement Sa · EURONEXT:VIE
Veolia Environnement Sa — International Rice Research Institute — Conference on methane emissions (Veolia Institute) (November 2015)
31 slides from Veolia Environnement Sa's conference presentation, Nov 9, 2015
Slide 1: Innovative Solutions for Controlling Methane Emissions and How to Scale them up: Rice Production
Innovative Solutions for Controlling Methane Emissions and How to Scale them up: Rice Production R. Wassmann International Rice Research Institute
Slide 2: Outline
Outline 1. Background: Rice as a source of GHGs 2. Technical options for mitigation in rice 3. Approaches for upscaling 4. Policy support and institutional setting 5. Conclusion
Slide 3: Significance of Rice Fields for GHG budgets
Significance of Rice Fields for GHG budgets Forestry, 17.4% All others , 69.1% Rice, 1.5% Agriculture (w/o rice), 12.0% National Scale in Asia: Emissions from rice production Country (Gg CO2eq) Perc. of total Vietnam 37,429 24.8 % (IPCC 4th AR, 2007) Bangladesh 7,996 7.2 % Data from the 2nd National
Slide 4: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Fertilizer Application Methane emissions: 100 – 500 kg CH4/ ha season => 2 – 12 tCO2eq/ ha season
Slide 5: IRRI Climate Change projects since 1991
IRRI Climate Change projects since 1991
Slide 6: Capacity building
Capacity building
Slide 7: Outline
Outline 1. Background: Rice as a source of GHGs 2. Technical options for mitigation in rice 3. Approaches for upscaling 4. Policy support and institutional setting 5. Conclusion
Slide 8: Impact of Mid-season Drainage on Methane Emissions
Impact of Mid-season Drainage on Methane Emissions water level (cm) / line Eh (mV) / dots water level (cm) / line Eh (mV) / dots 30 100 30 100 20 Continuous Flooding 0 -100 20 Mid-season Drainage 0 -100 10 10 -200 -200 0 -300 0 -300 20 40 60 80 100 120 20 40 60 80 100 120 methane emission (mg CH4 m-
Slide 9: Alternate-Wetting-and-Drying (AWD)
Alternate-Wetting-and-Drying (AWD) • Irrigation technique for water saving: periods of flooded and non-flooded conditions
Slide 10: Global Warming Potential: AWD vs. Continuous Flooding
AWD vs. Continuous Flooding (CF): Examples from the Philippines Pump Irrigation Canal Irrigation (Tarlac) (N. Ecija) 8 N2O Global Warming Potential CH4 tons CO2eq / ha*season 6 4 2 0 CF AWD CF “AWD “
Slide 11: AWD Experiment in Central Vietnam
AWD Experiment in Central Vietnam 8.0 Hilly Midland CF Measured 7.0 CF Simulated AWD Measured 6.0 AWD Simulated kg CH4/ha/day 5.0 4.0 Ha Noi 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 DAT 18 Delta Lowland CF Measured 16 CF Simulated HCM City AWD Measured 14 AWD Simulated 12 kg CH4/ha/day 10 8 6
Slide 12: Mitigation through Optimized Fertilizer Applications
Mitigation through Optimized Fertilizer Applications Rice fields are typically small and can substantially differ from each other Farmers need to know • Correct timing… • Correct amounts… • Correct sources… … of fertilizer applications
Slide 13: Outline
Outline 1. Background: Rice as a source of GHGs 2. Technical options for mitigation in rice 3. Approaches for upscaling 4. Policy support and institutional setting 5. Conclusion
Slide 14: Introducing AWD
Guide to participatory varietal selection for submergence- tolerant rice Introducing AWD
Slide 15: Rice Crop Manager (RCM) 'CIRCLE' Toolkit for Decision Support
IRRI Project in Flagship 2: Agro-advisory through Mobile Phone Apps Obtain site-specific information from farmer/ operator Rice Crop Manager (RCM) Established Modules: New Modules: • Nutrients • Weather forecasting and • Crop Health Diagnosis cropping calendar • Irrigation (AWD) • GHG calculation an
Slide 16: Incentives from Carbon Crediting?
Incentives from Carbon Crediting? Small Scale Methodology Approved by UNFCCC (May 2011): “Methane emission reduction by adjusted water management in rice” http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/D6MRRHNNU5RUHJXWKHN87IUXW5F5N0/view.html
Slide 17: CDM Pipeline
CDM Pipeline Project Project Designated Letter of Project Developer Proposal Nat. Auth. ‘no objection’ Developer Project Approved Design Methodology Docum. Validation Designated CDM Letter of Designated Report Operating Executive approval Nat. Auth. Entity #1 Board Project Regis- Project tration Des
Slide 18: Methodology AMS-III.AU.
Methodology AMS-III.AU. Version 3.0 (since 03 Aug. 2012) Example: • AWD in dry season • Multiple aeration (1.8 kg ha/d) • 100 d period 180 kg CH4/ ha season = 3.78 t CO2 eq/ ha season @ 0.50 $/ t CO2 eq. = < 2 $/ ha season
Slide 19: IRRI Project funded by Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)
IRRI Project funded by Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) Reducing Providing relevant production costs information to for farmers decision makers GHG Stabilizing yields Mitigating Contributing to under water through technology scarcity Upscaling campaigns of AWD Coordinating Supporting national
Slide 20: Mitigation as one Component of Climate-smart Agriculture
Mitigation as one Component of Climate-smart Agriculture Examples for CSA in rice production (Mekong Delta): Carbon- Water- Yield- Risk- Com smart smart smart smart Site-specific Rotation with Tolerant Flood- Salinity Im nutrient upland crop tolerant rice monitoring sta management rice varieties and
Slide 21: Scaling-up of CSA through Climate-smart Villages
Scaling-up of CSA through Climate-smart Villages (Lower Mekong Basin)
Slide 22: Outline
Outline 1. Background: Rice as a source of GHGs 2. Technical options for mitigation in rice 3. Approaches for upscaling 4. Policy support and institutional setting 5. Conclusion
Slide 23: Climatic AWD Suitability: Water Balance
Climatic AWD Suitability: Water Balance Rainfall Pot_ET Pot_S&P EXC DEF
Slide 24: Wet and Dry Season Suitability Analysis
Wet Season Suitability Analysis «* Dry Season Suitability Analysis 2 Zz 27 re 3 3 2 z 27 re = = z 2 2 2 27 re 2 i} 2 2 od Lo 2 2 & & T T T 117°0'0"E 120°0'0"E 123°0'0"E Legend N High Suitabilit as L_ vy w F 120 240 480 720 960 LC] Moderate Suitability 1 km HE Low Suitability Ss
Slide 25: Climate-driven AWD suitability in the Philippines
Climate-driven AWD suitability in the Philippines 600 Less suitable Moderately suit. -24% Suitable CH4 emission ('000 t) Very suitable 400 -15% -48% 200 0 CF AWD CF AWD CF AWD
Slide 26: Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) Guidelines
Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) Guidelines Examples: Vietnam Philippines Mot Phai/ Palay Nam Giam Check (1 Must Do/ 5 Reductions)
Slide 27: New Policy on Mitigation in Agricultural Sector in VN
New Policy on Mitigation in Agricultural Sector in VN From national level… to implementation at provincial level. 20-20-20 Decision Farmers should use/apply AWD irrigation technology to not only greatly save water consumption and reduce AWD is directly mentioned as one GHGs emissions in irrigated mi
Slide 28: Outline
Outline 1. Background: Rice as a source of GHGs 2. Technical options for mitigation in rice 3. Approaches for upscaling 4. Policy support and institutional setting 5. Conclusion
Slide 29: Conclusions
Conclusions Policy makers are getting increasingly interested to integrate mitigation into development targets … BUT … different stakeholders will need diversified information packages and decision support tools
Slide 30: Conclusions
Conclusions Scientific findings and publications will NOT be sufficient as such to stimulate mitigation … BUT … should be translated into clear spatial and temporal priorities at different scales
Slide 31: Thank you
Thank you Rice Science for a Better W@rid ~