Axis NIFTY Bank ETF · NSE:BNKETFAXIS
Axis NIFTY Bank ETF — The 8th IEA-Tsinghua Joint Workshop 2022
135 slides from Axis NIFTY Bank ETF's conference presentation, Oct 27, 2022
Slide 1: Pathways for delivering zero-carbon ready buildings by 2030
Pathways for delivering zero-carbon ready buildings by 2030 Chiara Delmastro & Rafael Martinez Gordon, Energy Analysts, Technology Innovation Unit, IEA The 8th IEA-Tsinghua Joint Workshop, 27 October 2022 Page 1
Slide 2: Buildings sector CO2 emissions rebounded to above 2019 levels
Buildings sector CO2 emissions rebounded to above 2019 levels Global final energy consumptions, 2021 Global energy and process CO2 emissions, 2021 ~440 PJ ~36 Gt Other Residential (direct) Residential 8% 6% 21% Other Residential (indirect) 6% 11% Transport Non-residential Non-residential (direct) 26
Slide 3: Buildings are not on track to achieve the Net Zero by 2050 target
Buildings are not on track to achieve the Net Zero by 2050 target CO2 emissions of buildings operation and floor area increase, 2010-30 NZE 10 300 GtCO2 billion sq.m. 8 240 6 180 4 120 2 60 0 0 2010 2015 2020 2030 NZE Residential (direct) Residential (indirect) Non-residential (direct) Non-residenti
Slide 4: All countries targeted for zero-carbon-ready codes by 2030
All countries targeted for zero-carbon-ready codes by 2030 Zero-carbon ready buildings: “Highly energy-efficient and resilient buildings that Added floor area by type, 2021-30 NZE either use renewable energy directly, or rely on a source of energy supply that can be fully decarbonised, such as elect
Slide 5: Need of a rapid shift: heating is the most carbon-intensive end-use
Need of a rapid shift: heating is the most carbon-intensive end-use Heating energy consumptions in buildings, 2021-30 NZE End-uses Space heating By end-use 2021 Water heating 2030 Fuels Series4 Coal Oil 2021 Natural gas By fuel 2030 Hydrogen Electricity District energy Renewables 25 50 75 EJ The ado
Slide 6: Heat pump potential needs to be unleashed
Heat pump potential needs to be unleashed Heating equipment stock 100 4 Billion units Index (2020 = 100) 75 3 50 2 25 1 2020 2030 2050 Coal and oil Gas District heat her Biomass Solar thermal Hydrogen oling Heat pumps Other Heat pump deployment needs to scale up quickly in order to meet the 2030 NZE
Slide 7: Heat pump potential needs to be unleashed
Heat pump potential needs to be unleashed Heating equipment stock 100 4 Billion units Index (2020 = 100) 75 3 50 2 25 1 2020 2030 2050 Coal and oil Gas District heat her Biomass Solar thermal Hydrogen oling Heat pumps Other Heat pump sales increased by more than 13% globally, with record-high number
Slide 8: There is room to reduce the emission intensity of district energy networks
There is room to reduce the emission intensity of district energy networks 150 (world average 2021 =100) Carbon intensity index 125 World average, 2021 100 75 World average, 2030 NZE 50 25 0 0 5 000 10 000 15 000 PJ Europe United States Russia Korea Rest of world China In the NZE, 350 million buildi
Slide 9: Standard and emerging solar thermal technologies should scale up
Standard and emerging solar thermal technologies should scale up Penetration of solar thermal technologies under current trends 500 Million dwellings Historical deployment 400 Deployment under 300 current trends 200 IEA NZE 2030 deployment target 100 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 290 million
Slide 10: Policy recommendations
Policy recommendations • Financial instruments: to reduce upfront cost and prioritise the deployment of all clean energy technologies and retrofits, especially targeting low income homes • Bans and regulations: ban the deployment of fossil fuel technologies in new installations and promote higher en
Slide 11: IEA 2022. All rights reserved. Page 11
IEA 2022. All rights reserved. Page 11
Slide 12: Heat pump: The carbon free solution of space heating for future
Heat pump: The carbon free solution of space heating for future Yi Jiang Building energy research center Tsinghua University, Beijing China
Slide 13: Carbon free solution for heat demand
Carbon free solution for heat demand • The tasks of carbon free energy system of buildings: • Fully electrification of energy for buildings • Carbon free electricity supplement • Carbon free heat supplement for space heating • What should be the solution for space heating? 2
Slide 14: Heat pump is the solution for space heating
Heat pump is the solution for space heating Input electricity W can provide heat Q+W, Heat output: Q+W where Q come from low grade heat at T > T0 𝑄+𝑊 𝑇 COP = 𝑊 =𝑇−T η 0 T0=20℃， T=50℃， η =0.6 时，COP=6 T0=20℃， T=100℃， η =0.6 时，COP=2.8 W Heat pump T0=0℃， T=50℃， η =0.6 时，COP=4 T0=0℃， T=100℃，η =0.6…
Slide 15: Key problem for hp applications: heat source
Key problem for hp applications: heat source • Where can the low grade heat source be obtained? • Outdoor air: • Universal existed, no limitation • Low temperature means low efficiency • Variation with seasons, performance varies • Frosting problem when outdoor temperature around 0℃ • Cannot support
Slide 16: Key problem for hp applications: heat source
Key problem for hp applications: heat source • Surface water: lake, sewage, sea water, etc. • Suitable if the temperature of water above zero annually, otherwise freeze will make troubles • Cannot be provided everywhere, it is not possible in most cases • Should be put as the priority for selection
Slide 17: Key problem for hp applications: heat source
Key problem for hp applications: heat source • Underground: water circulation, U-tube, etc. • Underground environment protection • Principle: obtain low grade heat / heat storage underground? • It dependent on the underground water transfusion • With large amount of transfusion underground: heat can
Slide 18: Other heat sources for HP application?
Other heat sources for HP application? • Low density settlement, low temperature heat source for heat pumps can be solved through either air or water • For high density settlement such as Chinese large cities in North , heat pump with natural low-grade heat sources cannot be the major solution, can
Slide 19: Low grade heat sources in North China
Low grade heat sources in North China Capacity in power MW Exhaust heat power MW Annual heat output GJ Nuclear power in the 100 GW in power 120 GW exhaust heat 3000 PJ North Thermal power for 300 GW in power 360 GW exhaust heat 2000 PJ peak load in the North Iron & steel, 70 GW exhaust heat 1500 PJ
Slide 20: Challenges to fully use the low-grade heat
Challenges to fully use the low-grade heat • Three challenges to fully use the low- grade heat • Unmatched in the time between production & demand large scale seasonal heat storage is required • Unmatched in the location between supply and demand Long distance heat transportation at low cost is requ
Slide 21: Long distance heat transportation system
Long distance heat transportation system 6级加压 1级加压 中继能源站 事故 古交电厂 5级加压 4级加压 补水站 3级加压 2级加压 180m 长输侧管道阻力450mH2O 构建六级泵循环加压工艺，实现了长输侧直连高差 180m的热网安全经济运行。 10
Slide 22: Long distance heat transportation projects in China
Long distance heat transportation projects in China 27km 37.8km 23公里 22km 70公里 35km Taiyuan Shijiazhuang Huhehaote Xian 供热面积：10600万㎡ 供热面积：18500万㎡ 供热面积： 9000万㎡ 供热面积： 7500万㎡ 55km 37km 46km 70km 4*DN1400 65km 85km 临河电厂 Jinan Yinchuan Zhengzhou Wulumuqi 供热面积：28000万㎡ 供热面积：11219万㎡ 供热面积：12000万㎡ 供热面积：6000万㎡
Slide 23: Heat transformers
Heat transformers • Two type of heat transformers have been developed and been widely used • It can make high efficiency heat transfer when the flow rate at two sides is in very difference • Combined with heat pump, heat Q Q transformers can be developed 90℃ 90℃ also for make heat transfer with 50℃
Slide 24: Heat sharing system based on low grade heat
Heat sharing system based on low grade heat Data center indus Power industry Power try plant plant Connected 90/20℃ 90/20℃ Nuclear with other power DH HP HP steam Hot water building building building indus indus indus try try try Heat storage 13
Slide 25: Comparison with 5G DHC in Europe
Comparison with 5G DHC in Europe • Low grade heat sources • More heat from industries and from thermal power in China • The temperature of exhausted heat is higher in China than in Europe normally • Heating only or H & C? • District heating rather than district heating & cooling in China • There is
Slide 26: Conclusion
Conclusion • Heat pump will play very important rule in the low carbon society • Carbon free heat supplement can be achieved by HP plus carbon free electricity • Low grade heat source is the key for heat pumps application and for the technology of heat pump selected • Exhausted heat from power stati
Slide 27: Release of the China Building Energy and Emission Yearbook 2022
Release of the China Building Energy and Emission Yearbook 2022 16
Slide 28: Thank you
Thank you jiangyi@tsinghua.edu.cn
Slide 29: Energy efficient buildings and decarbonization of heating systems in Europe
Energy efficient buildings and decarbonization of heating systems in Europe Anne Svendsen Danish Energy Agency .
Slide 30: Agenda
AGENDA 1. Energy Efficiency Directive – EED 2. Energy Performance of Buildings Directive – EPBD 3. Activities in Denmark for buildings and heating 10/25/2022 Page 2
Slide 31: Background
BACKGROUND Around 75% of the buildings in the EU is energy inefficient; about 35 % of the building stock is more than 50 years old Yearly renovation rate is only around 1% Rate for deep renovations (60% reduction of energy consumption) is only around 0.2% yearly 85-95% of the buildings in the EU wil
Slide 32: EED articles
EED articles: Article 5: Renovation of public buildings Suggestion: 1.7% reduction per year (discussion about what is a public building) Article 7: Renovation of existing buildings Suggestion: 3% of the building stock must be converted to NZEB every year (discussion about what is a NZEB and which bu
Slide 33: Article 14 - Promotion of efficiency in heating and cooling
Article 14 - Promotion of efficiency in heating and cooling Overall objective: to encourage the identification of cost effective potential for delivering energy efficiency, principally through the use of cogeneration, efficient district heating and cooling and the recovery of industrial waste heat 2
Slide 34: Efficient heating and cooling
Efficient heating and cooling Efficient heating and cooling includes: - the use of heat from cogeneration and renewable energy sources, - recovery of waste heat from industrial processes to meet demand for heating and cooling, - in general all heating and cooling options that achieve primary energy
Slide 35: Energy performance of buildings directive – EBPD
Energy performance of buildings directive – EBPD Established in 2012 and revised in 2018, the EBPD will help reach the building and renovation goals set out in the European Green Deal. The EBPD is under revision. The new proposal aims to reaching the target of at least 60% emission reductions by 203
Slide 36: The main measures in the new EBPD proposal are
The main measures in the new EBPD proposal are: • Introduction of minimum energy performance standards for buildings to encourage faster renovation of the worst performing buildings. It is suggested that public and non-residential buildings shall as a minimum have EPC label F by 2027 and E by 2030 a
Slide 37: Proposed changes
Proposed changes • New demands on digitalization and data exchange (to make it easier to exchange data) • All new build buildings shall be Zero-emission buildings by 2030 • Introduction of a renovation passport • A better definition of deep renovation (60% energy savings?) • Modernization of buildin
Slide 38: Energy efficient buildings in Denmark and decarbonization of the heating sector
Energy efficient buildings in Denmark and decarbonization of the heating sector 25. oktober 2022 Side 12
Slide 39: The Development in Denmark
The Development in Denmark Energy building codes since 1961 – now both for new and existing buildings with performance based criteria (annual energy demand must be under approx. 30-40 kWh/m2), building code is revised every five year. Next building code Jan. 2023: LCA, embedded energy in building ma
Slide 40: Future strategy, Denmark
Future strategy, Denmark • More district heating in cities • Change oil and gas boilers to heat pumps • New buildings are NZEB • Increase the energy renovation of existing buildings • Use Energy Performance Certificates even more • Energy renovation of public buildings • Digitalization 25. oktober 2
Slide 41: Heating in Denmark
HEATING IN DENMARK About 65% of all buildings in Denmark are connected to the District Heating Network 25. oktober 2022 Side 15
Slide 42: Outlook for district heating in 2030
Outlook for district heating in 2030 • Phase out of oil, coal and natural gas for the production of district heating • Reducing biomass • Increasing utilization of large heat pumps in district • Electricity for heat pumps is supplied by renewable energy (mostly wind energy • Analyzing the use of geo
Slide 43: Thank you
Thank you Anne Svendsen Danish Energy Agency ansv@ens.dk
Slide 44: Context for building heating systems and energy efficiency evaluation in Japan's Building Energy Code
The 8th IEA-Tsinghua Joint Workshop “Making Buildings Zero-Carbon Ready by 2030 – Near-term Solutions for Heating Systems” 27th October 2022 Context for building heating systems and how their energy efficiencies are evaluated in a Building Energy Code of Japan Takao Sawachi Building Research Institu
Slide 45: Contents
Contents 1. Reduction targets of end-use energy in FY2030 for buildings 2. Present strategies for each category of buildings 3. Planned strategies toward higher standards in 2030 4. Overall structure of energy use calculation for non- residential buildings 5. Process for calculating energy use by HV
Slide 46: Reduction targets of end-use energy in FY2030 for buildings
1. Reduction targets of end-use energy in FY2030 for buildings 70 FY2013 FY2030 Equivalent oil in billion liter 60 minus 15% 50 40 minus 43% 30 20 10 0 Commercial and others Residential Source (in Japanese ): 20211022_03.pdf (meti.go.jp) 3
Slide 47: Reduction targets of end-use energy in FY2030 for buildings
1. Reduction targets of end-use energy in FY2030 for buildings Transition of end-use energy (1990-2019) and targets in FY2030 75 Commercial and others Equivalent oil in billion liter 70 Residential 65 60 55 50 Target 45 40 35 Target 30 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 Fiscal Year Source (in Japanese ):
Slide 48: Present strategies: Regulations
2. Present strategies for each category of buildings 2-1. Regulations (present) Building categories Regulations Mandatory compliance with energy efficiency 1. Non-residential buildings (floor area is no standards for new construction, renovation or less than 300m2) addition. In case of violation of
Slide 49: Present strategies: Incentive Programs
2. Present strategies for each category of buildings 2-2. Incentive Programs (present) Programs Contents and requirements Floor space related to facilities for energy saving is not included in 1. Certification of performance calculation of floor-area ratio, when receiving Local authorities’ improvem
Slide 50: Planned strategies toward higher standards in 2030
3. Planned strategies toward higher standards in 2030 (future) year 2022-2029 2030 2050 Residential 1. Compliance with standards is 1. Upgrading Standards by In average, building stock has energy efficiency of ZEH and planned to be mandatory in around 20% for energy PV is installed in 60% of newly b
Slide 51: Overall structure of energy use calculation for non-residential buildings
4. Overall structure of energy use calculation for non-residential buildings Room type & floor area of evaluated building Assumptions for Reference energy uses/m2 room types for each room type Reference energy uses HVAC system (AC) Judgement Design energy uses 8
Slide 52: Process for calculating energy use by HVAC system
5. Process for calculating energy use by HVAC system Flow of heating and cooling needs (loads) calculation and energy use calculation for fans, pumps and heat/cold generators Room Space Space Space Space Space Space Space Space loads loads loads loads loads loads loads loads AHU etc. OA loads OA loa
Slide 53: Key characteristics of the HVAC energy use calculation method
6. Key characteristics of the HVAC energy use calculation method ⚫ Space heating and colling needs (loads) are heavily influenced by conditions of room (space) usage such as schedule, internal heat gains and outdoor air intake. ⚫ Standard conditions for 210 room types for 9 building types are prepar
Slide 54: Key characteristics of the HVAC energy use calculation method
6. Key characteristics of the HVAC energy use calculation method ⚫ Heat and cold generator’s energy efficiency is estimated taking the partial load ratio at each hour into consideration. ⚫ Characteristics of all kinds of heat and cold generator are modeled with; 1) rated energy efficiency (COP), 2)
Slide 55: Case studies
7. Case studies • Seven story office building • Two landscape office rooms on each floor • Located in Tokyo • Total floor area 10360 m2 12
Slide 56: Case studies (specifications for Case 1 – Case 5)
7. Case studies (specifications for Case 1 – Case 5) 13
Slide 57: Case studies (Sizing results for Case 2 – Case 5)
7. Case studies (Sizing results for Case 2 – Case 5) Primary energy factor: 9760 kJ/kWh(electricity) 14
Slide 58: Case studies (Results. Calculated primary energy use)
7. Case studies (Results. Calculated primary energy use) 1000 Pump of cooling tower Calculated Primary Energy Use Fan of cooling tower (MJ/m floor area/year) 800 Secondary pump Primary pump Total heat recovery unit (roter moter) 600 AHU, FCU, indoor unit of VRF system (mainly fan) 475.84 Auxiliary m
Slide 59: Case studies (Results. Calculated primary energy use)
7. Case studies (Results. Calculated primary energy use) 700 1200 Cooling 600 Cooling 1000 Heating Occurence in hours Ocurrence in hours 500 Heating 800 400 600 300 400 200 100 200 0 0 <=0.1 <=0.2 <=0.3 <=0.4 <=0.5 <=0.6 <=0.7 <=0.8 <=0.1 <=0.2 <=0.3 <=0.4 <=0.5 <=0.6 Partial load ratio Partial Load
Slide 60: Case studies (Results. Calculated primary energy use)
7. Case studies (Results. Calculated primary energy use) Design primary energy use (MJ/m2 floor area/year) HVAC Ventilation for unconditioned space Lighting Hot Water Elevator Plug power Ratio against reference energy use Total calculated primary energy use for Case 1 to Case 5 ⚫ It is feasible to d
Slide 61: Still existing issues
8. Still existing issues ⚫ The following energy-saving techniques have not yet been evaluated mainly due to the lack of design standards and specifications: VWV control system (beside discharge pressure control) under development VAV control system (beside discharge pressure control) as above CO2 ba
Slide 62: Thank you for your kind attention.
Thank you for your kind attention. 19
Slide 63: Fossil-free distributed heating: Technology advancement and large scale applications
The 8th IEA-Tsinghua Joint Workshop Fossil-free distributed heating: Technology advancement and large scale applications Xudong Yang, Ph.D. Chang-Jiang Professor & Vice Dean School of Architecture Tsinghua University, China Email: xyang@tsinghua.edu.cn October 27, 2022
Slide 64: Outline
Outline Background and problems Breakthrough in air source heat pumps Innovation in solar PV heating with storage Summary and conclusion
Slide 65: Background
Background • Solid fuels are still widely used for household heating in rural China and many other developing countries. Raw coal Ball-shaped coal Honey coal TOTAL coal: (120.3 million tons/year) Branches Firewood Straw TOTAL biomass: (82.8 million tons/year)
Slide 66: Background: over-dependence on coal
Background Over-dependence on coal has created a number of problems. – Low efficiency – Poor comfort - Higher CO, PM2.5 exposure – Respiratory disease: COPD, asthma, etc – Lower lung function (FVC) – High bold pressure – Cardiovascular diseases – Greater health, economic and environmental burden 4
Slide 67: Options for non-centralized clean heating
Background A few options for non-centralized clean heating (worldwide issue): Natural gas heating (cost, availability, infrastructure, safety, CO2 emission) Processed biomass + clean heating stoves (resource, processing, pollution control & monitoring) Solar thermal heating (initial cost, auxiliary
Slide 68: Air source heat pump
Air source heat pump • A heat pump is a device that transfers heat from a source of heat to a destination. • The coefficient of performance (COP) for heat pumps range from 2 to 4 for household air source heat pump units. • Due to nature of thermodynamic cycle and heat transfer process, the heat pump
Slide 69: Problems of conventional heat pumps in cold areas
Air source heat pump Problems of conventional heat pumps in cold areas. ➢ Heating capacity is insufficient in cold ambient conditions As the outside air temperature drops, the buildings heating load increases but both the heat pumps efficiency and capacity decreases. ➢ Low reliability in cold ambien
Slide 70: Technology innovation: Double stage enthalpy-added compressor
Air source heat pump Technology innovation: Double stage enthalpy-added compressor ⚫ Enhance capacity in cold ambient conditions ⚫ COP is up to 2.0+ at the outdoor temperature of (Two cylinders) -20℃ ⚫ Can run normally at the outdoor temperature of Traditional single -35℃ stage compressor (one cylin
Slide 71: Benefits of double compression
Air source heat pump Benefits of double compression
Slide 72: Improvements of thermal comfort
Air source heat pump Improvements of thermal comfort Generation 1 Generation 2 Motional air distribution technology Big air guide louver allows 180°up&down 2 air supply outlets. Warm air swing and 130°left&right swing. Air can be transported to human distribution is much wider, with cooling body (up
Slide 73: Operations with occupant control behavior
Air source heat pump Operations with occupant control behavior Objective: meet individual user’s behavior, comfort, and energy-saving demand 1. Easily adjustable indoor temperatures → individual comfort requirements 2. Rooms not all occupied at all times → allow partial space, partial time control 3
Slide 74: Operations with occupant control behavior
Air source heat pump Operations with occupant control behavior Average Average Energy indoor Room running time consumption of Use patterns Rooms temperature area(m2) per day heating season per when running (hours) unit area(kWh/m2) ℃ (F) USED EVERYDAY & Master Bedroom in Household 1# 14 23.2 18.2 (6
Slide 75: Rural household energy transitions in Beijing
Air source heat pump Rural household energy transitions in Beijing: Coal to clean energy
Slide 76: Coal to clean energy: Environmental benefit in Beijing
Air source heat pump Coal to clean energy: Environmental benefit in Beijing ➢More than 1 million small coal boilers removed ➢Over 300 million ton scattered coal was reduced, 12 k-ton PM2.5, 8.60 m-ton CO2, 4.6 k-ton SO2, 7.6 k-ton NOx
Slide 77: Test and analysis: extremely cold climate
Air source heat pump Test and analysis: extremely cold climate (Heilongjiang province) JAN 24, 2017 (extreme cold day --!) 30 20 Outdoor Temperature (MIN/MAX/AVG): Temperature 10 Bedroom Living room • Outdoor: -22.9/-9.1/-16.7℃ 0 • Bedroom: 20.5/25.6/23.2℃ -10 • Living room:18.7/21.1/20.0℃ -20 4000
Slide 78: Heat pump heating in Gerrs, Mongolia
Air source heat pump Heat pump heating in Gerrs, Mongolia 1 Time：2018.02.02——2018. 03.05 2 Outdoor temperature range :-6℃～-28℃； 3 Indoor temperature setting：18℃～28℃， 4.Actual indoor temperature：16℃～29℃。 16
Slide 79: Air source heat pump cost, COP and market penetration
Air source heat pump • Low cost: ~4500CNY/unit • High COP: ≥3.0 in Beijing • Low operating cost: 出风口 回风口 15-40 kWh/m2•winter 8-20 CNY/m2•winter ◼ First technical standard developed ◼ Market penetration: >1 million units/year 17
Slide 80: Why PV heating?
Why PV heating? Compared to solar thermal heating system: 1, PV heating system has higher year-round usage. In the non-heating season, it can still generate electricity (sell to the grid or self-consumed). 2, PV heating system is simpler in structure and occupies less space. Solar thermal heating sy
Slide 81: PV heating System Design
PV heating System Design The system has to overcome three obstacles: 1, To avoid overheating in the afternoon on sunny days; 2, To ensure relatively stable temperature at night and on cloudy days; 3, To avoid abandoning PV energy and expensive batteries as storage. PV panels DC Converters Insulation
Slide 82: PV heating System Design
PV heating System Design This system has a simple structure, but requires complex model calculations and optimization. We simulated the building thermal load and combined it with the PV power prediction model to obtain the optimal PV capacity and energy storage capacity of the system. Photovoltaic P
Slide 83: Demonstration Project
D e m o n s t r a t i o n P ro j e c t We selected five farm houses in Richeng County, Shanxi Province to establish a demonstration project of the PV heating system and tested the effect of the whole heating season. Household 5 Household 3 Household 1 Household 4 Household 2 The five households vary
Slide 84: Demonstration Project
D e m o n s t r a t i o n P ro j e c t For comparison, we designed different area ratios to compare the differences in heating effects. Among them, Households 1 and 2 are in compliance with the desired conditions and Households 3-5 with some variations. Number Heating Perman Age Original Profession
Slide 85: Heating effect analysis
Heating effect analysis ➢ During the heating season, the average indoor temperatures of the five households were 17.9℃, 18.0℃, 13.1℃, 14.3℃, and13.3℃. ➢ When the weather changed from sunny to cloudy, the indoor temperature decreased from 15.6 ℃ to 14.7 ℃ for household 1 and from 17.7 ℃ to 16.7 ℃ for
Slide 86: Summary and conclusions
Summary and conclusions • Innovative split-type, low ambient temperature air source heat pump has been developed and commercialized for individual heating in “all weather” winter conditions around the globe. • A novel solar PV heating with thermal storage has been proposed and tested for a whole win
Slide 87: Thank you!
Thank you! Xudong Yang, Ph.D. Chang-Jiang Professor Department of Building Science Tsinghua University, China Email: xyang@tsinghua.edu.cn 25
Slide 88: Policies (in Europe) for driving heating systems decarbonisation
27 th October 2022 Policies (in Europe) for driving heating systems decarbonisation The 8th IEA-Tsinghua Joint Workshop - Making Buildings Zero-Carbon Ready by 2030 – Near-term Solutions for Heating Systems Dr Richard Lowes Rue de la Science 23 +44 7703 630776 Senior Associate B-1040 Brussels rlowes
Slide 89: Governance and market structure matters
Governance and market structure matters • Central planning and state led delivery more accepted in certain regions. • Federal systems and municipal structures imply more local rule setting. • More economically ‘liberal’ regions may rely more on pricing and financial measures. Regulatory Assistance P
Slide 90: Geography increasingly important for communal solutions
https://www.iea.org/report s/net-zero-by-2050 Geography increasingly important for communal solutions https://euf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/ webappviewer/index.html?id=8d5 1f3708ea54fb9b732ba0c9440913 3Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)® 3
Slide 91: Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)
Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)® 4
Slide 92: Massive heat pump deployment requires coordinated policy packages
Massive heat pump deployment requires coordinated policy packages Heat pump policy toolkit, upcoming, RAP Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)® 5
Slide 93: Conclusions
Conclusions • Heat decarbonisation policy requires multiple tools including governance reform, local planning, economic reform and regulation. • We are still quite early in learning what works, particularly in the move away from gas. • This all needs to be considered alongside building thermal (fabr
Slide 94: Importance of energy standards in supporting affordable growth of the high efficiency heat pump market in China
建筑领域热泵空调节能标准进展和作用 Importance of energy standards in supporting affordable growth of the high efficiency heat pump market in China 成建宏 中国标准化研究院 Cheng Jianhong, CNIS 2022.10 1
Slide 95: Progress on the energy efficiency standards for heat pump in China
一、中国热泵产品能效标准制修订进展 Progress on the energy efficiency standards for heat pump in China 家用 household appliance 商用空调 Commercial air conditioners 产品 product 能效标准号 Stand No. 版本数 Ver. 产品 product 能效标准号 Stand No. 版本数 Ver. 房间空气调节器 RAC GB 21455-2019 6 单元式空气调节机 unitary AC GB 19576-2019 2 热 泵 热 水 机 （ 器 ） heat- 多
Slide 96: Energy efficiency standard and label implementation approach in China
能效标准标识实施框架 Implement approach in China Market minimum Certification label Incentive Policy Energy Labelling allowable
Slide 97: Development & Revision principles for refrigeration and air conditioning standards
二、节能标准制修订原则与要求 Development & Revision principles for Standard of refrigeration and air conditioning in China 《国家标准化发展纲要》Outline of National 方案目标 Object： Standardization Development • 大幅提高制冷能效和绿色水平Significantly 《强制性国家标准管理办法》Measures for the improve the energy efficiency Administration of Mandatory na
Slide 98: Standard response plan and path
三、标准应对方案与路径 Standard response plan and path • 路径The path • 1、提高产品能效Improve product energy efficiency • 2、电气化转型Transition to electrification • 3、新能源化集成Integration of new energy • 4、系统节能优化设计和管理. Optimized design and management of system energy saving • 任务与目标：Mission and Objectives: • 双碳目标Double carbon
Slide 99: Phased Energy Saving Target
政策措施及阶段性节能目标 Phased Energy Saving Target
Slide 100: Improve EE of product
1、提升产品能效 Improve EE of product 1）房间空调器能效标准修订：Revision of energy efficiency standards for RAC ➢ 定频和变频能效标准合并 Fixed-speed and variable-speed MEPSs are merged 房间空调器能效标准提升幅度 EE improvement of RAC ➢ GB 21455 ➢ GB12021.3 ➢ 增加产品：低环境温度空气源热泵热风机 Added products: Low ambient temperature air source heat pump RAC
Slide 101: MEPS for multi-connected air-condition (heat pump) units
2） 《多联式空调（热泵）机组能效限定值及能效等级》GB21454-2008 MEPS for multi-connected air-condition (heat pump) units ➢节能提升 improve energy efficiency ➢ 能效指标：提升40% index: increase by 40% ➢ 增加 added ➢ 14000以下产品，增加低负荷指标考核For product below 14000W, add low load requirement of test, and add low temperature test points ➢ 低环境温度空
Slide 102: Being revised: MEPS for water (heat pump) units
3）正在修订：冷水（热泵）机组能效标准 Being revised: MEPS for water (heat pump) units • 目标： • 能效指标提升20~30%: Increase EE by 20-30% • 产品范围增加 Increase product • 蒸汽压缩循环冷水(热泵)机组 GB 19577-2015 Steam compression circulation water chiller (heat pump) GB 29540-2013 GB 30721-2014 voluphysical cold water (heat pump) unit • 溴化锂吸
Slide 103: Transition to electrification of buildings
2、应对建筑电气化转型 transition to electrification of buildings • 促进政策 incentive measures： • 建筑供暖 • 《城乡建设领域碳达峰实施方案》Carbon Peaking Implementation Plan for Urban and Rural Construction • GB 37480-2019低环境温度空气源热泵(冷水)机组能 • 2025年，城镇建筑可再生能源替代率达到8%. By 2025, renewable energy in urban buildings 8%, 效限定值及能效等级 MEPS for
Slide 104: Thanks
Thanks chengjh@cnis.ac.cn
Slide 105: Industrial waste heat (IWH) resources and utilization
Industrial waste heat (IWH) resources and utilization Jianjun Xia Building Energy Research Center, Tsinghua University 2022.10 1
Slide 106: Background
1 Background Growing demand for heating in Northern China and current heat Low-grade industrial waste heat is a high-quality heat source for district source mix will result in significant CO2 emissions heating ◼ Growing winter heating area and heat demand ◼ China’s industrial sector accounts for abo
Slide 107: Background: Incentive policies related to IWH utilization
1 Background Incentive policies related to IWH utilization Industrial green development plan (2016-2020) General plan for energy conservation and emissions reduction • To popularize medium- and low-grade waste heat/pressure power generation, during the 14th Five-Year Plan period heat supply and
Slide 108: Background: heat demand by industry
1 Background ◼ Estimated heat demand by industry Process industry: The industry that produces basic raw materials, including Process industry steel, cement, petrochemical and other industries. The process industry needs Steel to consume a large amount of fossil fuels in the production process, with
Slide 109: IWH potential research and forecast
2.1 IWH potential research and forecast Clean Heating Resources Research Current Resource Research Future potential forecast Data source Influencing factors ✓ Statistical Yearbook: Geographical Data ✓ Energy structure transformation, industrial restructuring ✓ Business Directory: location of res
Slide 110: IWH potential research and forecast
2.1 IWH potential research and forecast Clean Heating Resources Research ◼ For the ferrous metal, nonferrous metal and cement industries, when the per capita stock Energy use per unit of Industrial energy per Fossil reaches the peak, the production will gradually added value raw material Electricity
Slide 111: Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction – Steel
2.2 Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction – Steel Current situation investigation Future Forecast ✓ The survey covers a total of 290 steel smelters in China, with a total ✓ Scholars predicted1,2] that China's total steel production will be about 500-700 million tons in waste heat potentia
Slide 112: Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction - Coke
2.2 Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction - Coke Current situation investigation Future Forecast ✓ The survey covers 394 coking enterprises in China, with a total coke ✓ The main use of coke is steel smelting, and the trend of coke production change can refer to production of about 426 mi
Slide 113: Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction – Cement
2.2 Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction – Cement Current situation investigation Future Forecast ✓ The research covers 1046 cement clinker manufacturing enterprises in ✓ Scholar[1] predict that China's cement production expected to drop to 750 million tons by China, with a total output
Slide 114: Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction - Copper
2.2 Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction - Copper Current situation investigation Future Forecast ✓ The waste heat potential is 10,200MW and 0.29 billion GJ, which is a ✓ The scholar [1] predicted that the copper consumption in the future would be 12 million tons. Taking into account the
Slide 115: Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction - Chemicals
2.2 Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction - Chemicals Current situation investigation Future Forecast ✓ There are many types of chemical industries and complex production ✓ Scholars[1] predicted production of 3 major chemical industry. processes, several representative chemical industries
Slide 116: Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction - Summary
2.2 Distribution of IWH Resources and Prediction - Summary ✓ IWH Resources : 253,000 MW, 7.21 billion GJ ✓ Prediction in 2050 ：136,000 MW, 3.89 billion GJ ✓ Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and Liaoning have more industrial waste heat National industrial waste heat status estimation and future forecast 0 10
Slide 117: Power Plant Waste Heat Resource - Thermal & Nuclear
2.3 Power Plant Waste Heat Resource - Thermal & Nuclear ◼ Forecast of future heating potential of power plants Distribution of nuclear power plants in mainland China (as of October 2019) ✓ Forecast results: Future power generation structure in China • 840 million kW of thermal power plants will be n
Slide 118: Data Center Waste Heat Resources
2.4 Data Center Waste Heat Resources ◼ Data Center Waste Heat Estimation Data center electricity consumption in China • In 2019, the total electricity consumption in China exceeded 130 billion kWh, accounting for about 2% of the total social electricity consumption[1] • Total electricity consumpti
Slide 119: Urban Sewage and Garbage Waste Heat Resource
2.5 Urban Sewage and Garbage Waste Heat Resource Clean Heating Resources Research Utilization method • Municipal garbage: combustible materials in waste can be used for winter heating in towns through cogeneration, which is being gradually implemented in Calculation parameters the north of China.
Slide 120: Urban heat demand forecast by region in Northern China
3.1 Urban heat demand forecast by region in Northern China Heat demand analysis Methodology for forecasting urban heat demand by region Resident population Urban resident population Urbanization Urban building area rate Building area per capita Heat consumption in Heat consumption indexes for differ
Slide 121: Urban heat demand forecast by region in Northern China
3.1 Urban heat demand forecast by region in Northern China Heat demand analysis Resident population forecast Urbanization rate forecast ▪ Based on fertility rate, life expectancy, migrating population ▪ 70% urbanization rate by 2035 ▪ Considering a medium shared socioeconomic development pathway
Slide 122: Urban heat demand forecast by region in Northern China
Urban heat demand forecast by region in Heat demand analysis 3.1 Northern China Energy efficiency retrofit pattern 250.0 ▪ Based on the actual experience of energy-saving retrofit during 200.0 4四步 steps Building area (108 m2) the 12th and 13th Five-Year Plan periods, three retrofit patterns 150.0
Slide 123: Urban heat demand forecast by region in Northern China
3.1 Urban heat demand forecast by region in Northern China Heat demand analysis Heating load forecast results: 3.69 billion GJ in Northern China Considering the heat demand in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as well as the western regions: totally about 5 billion GJ • Building
Slide 124: Heat demand for non-process industries
3.2 Heat demand for non-process industries Heat demand analysis Current situation: Total heat demand of the industry is about 3.08 billion Demand distribution of 4 non-process industries GJ; About 6.9 billion GJ in the future ✓ Hebei, Shandong, Zhejiang and Hubei have well developed the four Hea
Slide 125: Heat demand for domestic hot water
3.3 Heat demand for domestic hot water Heat demand analysis Estimated urban hot water heat consumption Urban domestic hot water distribution ✓ Combined with the domestic standard, and the European actual test case, the domestic hot water index is selected as 20L/day/person L/person/day Residenti
Slide 126: Supply and demand matching: Total amount distribution
4.1 Total amount distribution Supply and demand matching Future Unit Supply and demand matching： amounts Waste heat resources billion GJ 20.00 ✓ Under the rapid building energy-saving renovation scenario, building heating demand will reach approximately 5 billion GJ considering the heat supply in
Slide 127: Supply and demand matching: Spatial distribution
4.2 Spatial distribution Supply and demand matching Non-process industrial heat North urban areas heat demand demand Unit：104GJ Domestic hot water heat Process industrial waste heat demand Unit：104GJ Unit：104GJ 23
Slide 128: Supply and demand matching: Time distribution
4.5 Time distribution 供需匹配 Supply and demand matching Supply and demand matching ✓ Because of the existence of urban heating demand, there is a phenomenon of “more heat in summer and less heat in winter", and a large amount of waste heat still exists in the non-heating season. billion GJ Status bi
Slide 129: Supply and demand matching: Temperature distribution
4.6 Temperature distribution 供需匹配 Supply and demand matching Temperature distribution of heat demand Temperature distribution of waste heat resoure ✓ Very little heat demand for low temperature processes below 50°C, ✓ Unrecovered and easily accessible industrial waste heat is mostly mostly conce
Slide 130: Conclusion
6 Conclusion ◼ Waste heat resources have great potential and can be used to effectively reduce carbon emissions ◼ The technology of industrial waste heat used for central heating is mature • Key issues : waste heat collection – integration – distribution – system control and operation • Collection &
Slide 131: Making Buildings Zero-Carbon Ready by 2030 – Near-term Solutions for Heating Systems
第八届清华大学-国际能源署联合研讨会 The 8th IEA-Tsinghua Joint Workshop 建筑领域碳中和路径和建筑供暖脱碳 Making Buildings Zero-Carbon Ready by 2030 – Near-term Solutions for Heating Systems Pauline Lucas, Policy Director, Euroheat & Power 21/10/2022 欧洲供暖与电力，政策主任
Slide 132: Heating and cooling matters
Heating and cooling matters The size of the challenge: The EU consumes half of its energy for heating and cooling purposes, for space and water heating. The main consumer of thermal energy is households and commercial/public buildings. Natural gas is the leading energy source for space and water hea
Slide 133: Two major EU Energy initiatives ongoing
Two major EU Energy initiatives ongoing A timid yet tangible shift towards more recognition of the importance of H&C decarbonisation and the role of DHC for building decarbonization in the European legislative agenda • Recognition of waste • 30 mio newly heat installed heat pumps • Push for municipa
Slide 134: A 10-Point plan to accelerate the EU heat transition
A 10-Point plan to accelerate theEU heat transition Develop a robust EU Heating & Cooling Strategy to align with the Climate Law and energy security imperative Develop a holistic approach to building renovations: connecting with local renewable and sustainable waste heat sources Introduce mandatory
Slide 135: Thank you, ask your question!
Thank you, ask your question!
Axis NIFTY Bank ETF — The 8th IEA-Tsinghua Joint Workshop 2022 on 6ix