Sika Ag · SIX:SIKA
Sika — Technical Presentation
61 slides from Sika's technical presentation
Slide 1: Construction Sealant Training
Construction Construction Sealant Training Presented by: Sika Corporation Sika Corporation
Slide 2: Joint Sealants: Topics of Discussion
Construction Joint Sealants: Topics of Discussion • Terminology • The purpose • Typical applications • Common problems • Critical success factors ¾Joint design ¾Material Selection Sika Corporation
Slide 3: Introduction
Construction Introduction • Sealants have been in use for many hundreds of years. The Tower of Babel was reportedly built with mortar and tar or pitch as a sealant. Naturally occurring bitumen and asphalt materials have been widely accepted as sealants for many centuries • Prior to the 1900’s most s
Slide 4: Terminology – The Basics
Construction Terminology – The Basics What’s the difference between a caulk and a sealant? A caulk is any low or intermediate performance compound. Typically being lower quality and having limited service lives. For example: Acrylic Latex, Butyl, Butyl Rubber, Co- polymers, putty etc. Life cycle: us
Slide 5: Terminology – The Basics
Construction Terminology – The Basics A sealant typically refers to a high performance compound having more expensive ingredients, little shrinkage, excellent weathering and UV resistance and providing long service life cycles from 10 – 20 years. Sika Corporation
Slide 6: Terminology – The Basics
Construction Terminology – The Basics • ASTM C 920 ¾The standard specification for elastomeric joint sealants. It is made up of several ASTM test methods including: – Movement capability (ASTM C 719) – Sealant hardness (ASTM C 661) – Tack free time (ASTM C 679) – Adhesion in Peel (ASTM C 794) Sika C
Slide 7: Terminology – The Basics
Construction Terminology – The Basics • Sealant Hardness – ASTM C 661 ¾Is a measure of a sealants ability to resist the penetration by a Durometer probe. Rated on a scale from 0 – 100. The lower the number the softer the sealant. The softer the sealant the more movement it can take. Conversely, the
Slide 8: Terminology – The Basics
Construction Terminology – The Basics • Movement Capability - ASTM C 719 ¾ Measures the cyclic movement (extension [+] and compression [-]) of a sealant. Classified with the following movement classes. +/-12.5% +/- 25% +/- 35% +/- 50% +/-100/50% Sika Corporation
Slide 9: Terminology – The Basics
Construction Terminology – The Basics • Stress Relaxation – is the ability of the sealant to absorb extension without incurring additional stress on the bond line to the substrate. Sealants that recover completely and rapidly from deformation usually have less stress relaxation than those that recov
Slide 10: Terminology – The Basics
Construction Terminology – The Basics • Low Modulus Sealant – Creates low stress at the sealant bond line. Usually has a higher movement capability. • Medium Modulus Sealant – Typically a general purpose sealant that can be used for the majority of elastomeric sealant applications • High Modulus Sea
Slide 11: Joint Sealants: The Purpose
Joint Sealants Construction The Purpose • Seal penetrations/joints between construction elements…a critical part of the building envelope ¾ Some moving joints some non-moving • Prevent ingress of water/moisture to building interior or through joints/gaps ¾ Prevent water damage ¾ Prevent reinforced c
Slide 12: Joint Sealants: The Purpose
Joint Sealants Construction The Purpose • Accommodate Movement • Function as Part of an Air Barrier System • Function as Part of a Vapor Retarding System • Acoustic Control Sika Corporation
Slide 13: Joint Sealants: Typical Applications
Joint Sealants Construction Typical applications • High-rise and low-rise commercial buildings: ¾ Window perimeters ¾ Roofing terminations ¾ Expansion joints and butt-terminations ¾ Glazing • Plaza decks • Major Chains (Tilt-up) Exteriors ¾ HD, Target, Wal-Mart • Institutional ¾ Prisons and Schools
Slide 14: Joint Sealants: Typical Applications
Joint Sealants Construction Typical applications • Bridge & Highway joints (DOT) • Commercial parking lots and flat work • Public Works ¾ Sidewalks (concrete) • Park Decks ¾ Can be in combination with deck system • Waste & Water ¾ Submerged environments (NSF) • Adhesive and bonding applications ¾ In
Slide 15: Typical Sealed Building Products and Materials
Typical Sealed Building Construction Products and Materials • Concrete • Masonry & Brick • Wood, Plywood, and Cement-Based Siding • EIFS (Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems) • Stucco • Stone, Manufactured Stone, Cultured Stone • Vinyl and Aluminum Siding • Painted Products • Foam Plastic Panels
Slide 16: Joint Sealants: The Applications
Construction Joint Sealants The applications •Polyurethane sealants like Sikaflex 1a or Sika 15 lm exterior façade expansion and or control joints between brick-work.. Sika Corporation
Slide 17: Precast Concrete Joints
Joint Sealants Construction Precast Concrete Joints Sika Corporation
Slide 18: Precast Concrete Joints
Joint Sealants Construction Precast Concrete Joints Sika Corporation
Slide 19: Window Glazing
Construction Joint Sealants Window Glazing Sika Corporation
Slide 20: Expansion Joints
Joint Sealants Construction Expansion Joints Sika Corporation
Slide 21: EIFS
Joint Sealants Construction EIFS Sika Corporation
Slide 22: EIFS
Joint Sealants Construction EIFS Sika Corporation
Slide 23: Window Perimeters
Joint Sealants Construction Window Perimeters Sika Corporation
Slide 24: Window & Door Perimeters
Joint Sealants Construction Window & Door Perimeters Sika Corporation
Slide 25: High Rise Buildings
Joint Sealants Construction High Rise Buildings Sika Corporation
Slide 26: Vertical joints in concrete
Joint Sealants Construction Vertical joints in concrete Sika Corporation
Slide 27: Plaza Decks and Sidewalks
Joint Sealants Construction Plaza Decks and Sidewalks Sika Corporation
Slide 28: Common problems
Joint Sealants Construction Common problems • Sealants are probably the least thought about and add the lowest percentage to a project cost - however can become the biggest problem if the building starts to leak • There is both science and art to completion of proper joints from design to sealant pl
Slide 29: Common problems: Adhesion Failure
Joint Sealants Construction Common problems Adhesion Failure – when a sealant de- bonds from the surface it was applied to. ¾Poor Surface preparation ¾Not correct sealant for application ¾Improper priming Sika Corporation
Slide 30: Typical Loss of Adhesion
Construction Typical Loss of Adhesion Sika Corporation
Slide 31: Typical Adhesion Loss
Construction Typical Adhesion Loss Note: severe weathering and UV degradation resulting in chalking and surface crazing of the sealant. Sika Corporation
Slide 32: Common Problems: Adhesion Failure
Construction Common Problems: Adhesion Failure •Causes – Poor surface preparation – Contamination – Improper installation – Improper priming •Remedies – Grinding – Proper cleaning – Proper priming – Proper tooling Sika Corporation
Slide 33: Common problems: Cohesion Failure
Joint Sealants Construction Common problems • Cohesion Failure – the tearing or splitting of the sealant down the middle. Usually it remains adhered to the sides of the joint. Reasons for cohesive failure are: Excessive movement beyond the sealants ability Three sided adhesion Inadequate thick
Slide 34: Cohesion Failure
Construction Cohesion Failure Sika Corporation
Slide 35: Cohesive Failure
Construction Cohesive Failure Sika Corporation
Slide 36: Common Problems: Cohesive Failure
Construction Common Problems: Cohesive Failure •Causes – Poor joint design – Improper W/D ratio – Wrong sealant •Remedies – Proper joint design – Choose the right sealant – Install correctly Sika Corporation
Slide 37: Substrate Failure
Construction Substrate Failure Sika Corporation
Slide 38: Common Problems: Substrate Failure
Construction Common Problems: Substrate Failure •Causes – Weak Substrate – High Modulus Sealant on EIFS – Sealing to EIFS Finish Coat •Remedies – Grinding or Wire Brushing – Lower Modulus Sealant – Sealing to EIFS Basecoat Sika Corporation Courtesy Sika
Slide 39: Common problems - Substrate Staining
Joint Sealants Construction Common problems- Substrate Staining Sika Corporation
Slide 40: Staining of Sensitive Substrates
Construction Staining of Sensitive Substrates •Staining is caused by non-reacted fluids in the sealant formulation •Any sealant can stain if poorly formulated or used on a non- recommended substrate •Require stain testing per ASTM C-1248 and a non-staining warranty from the sealant manufacturer Sika
Slide 41: Marble Staining, Granite Staining
Construction Marble Staining Granite Staining Rundown On Glass and Metal Sika Corporation
Slide 42: Common problems – improper tooling
Construction Joint Sealants Common problems – improper tooling Tooling should be done to give the sealant surface a smooth uniform appearance Sika Corporation
Slide 43: Common problems
Joint Sealants Construction Common problems Sealant coated with non elastomeric coating. Sealant can move, but not the coating Sika Corporation
Slide 44: Critical Success Factors
Construction Critical Success Factors • Joint design • Material Selection Sika Corporation
Slide 45: Critical Success Factors: Joint Design
Critical Success Factors Construction Joint Design Standard Recommended Practice: • Joint depth no smaller than ¼” and no greater than ½” • Use 2:1 width to depth ratio up to 1” in width. Consider an “hourglass” shape. • Joint designed within sealants movement capability • Movement-related: Allow fo
Slide 46: Critical Success Factors: Joint Design
Critical Success Factors Construction Joint Design • Joint depth should be sufficient to accept backing materials and proper depth of sealant • The number and spacing of joints is absolutely critical to performance • Joints should be accessible for sealant placement • There should be sufficient bond
Slide 47: Critical Success Factors: Joint Design
Critical Success Factors Construction Joint Design 2:1 width to depth ratio “Hourglass” shape S e a la n t B a c k e r ro d 1 . In s ta ll a p p ro p ria te b a c k e r m a te ria l to p re v e n t th re e -s id e d a d h e s io n a n d to c o n tro l s e a la n t d e p th . 2 . S e a la n t s h o u
Slide 48: Movement Capability
Construction Movement Capability.. •Movement Capability- The +/- percent value that indicates the amount of movement the sealant can take in “extension (+)” and/or “compression (-)” from it’s original cured joint width. Sika Corporation
Slide 49: Examples of Movement Joints
Construction Examples of Movement Joints Butt Joint Fillet Joint Lap Joint Interlocking Joint Sika Corporation
Slide 50: Critical Success Factors: Material Selection
Critical Success Factors Construction Material Selection • Will the selected material handle the anticipated joint movement requirements • Adhesion to substrate is probably the most critical element in the selection process • Does the joint size allow for sufficient placement of selected materials •
Slide 51: Sealant Types
Construction Sealant Types • Most Common Field Molded: ¾Latex ¾Acrylic ¾Butyls ¾Polysulfides ¾STP/MS Hybrids ¾Polyurethanes ¾Silicones Sika Corporation
Slide 52: Sealant Types
Construction Sealant Types • Factory Molded ¾Gaskets and seals ¾Strip-seals ¾Compression systems Sika Corporation
Slide 53: Sealant Types: Field molded Latex
Sealant Types Construction Field molded • Latex: ¾ Some refer to as caulk not sealant ¾ Interior applications ¾ +/- 10% movement capability or less ¾ Paintable with latex paints ¾ Interior applications only – Dry wall to trim work ¾ Not for “true” joints (those expected to exhibit significant cyclic
Slide 54: Sealant Types: Field molded Acrylics
Sealant Types Construction Field molded • Acrylics: ¾Some refer to as caulk not sealant ¾Generally +/- 12.5% movement ¾More flexible than latex caulks but still not high performance by industry standards ¾Can be paintable Sika Corporation
Slide 55: Sealant Types: Field molded Butyls
Sealant Types Construction Field molded • Butyls: ¾ Bond excellent to most substrates ¾ Poor movement, generally +/-10% or less ¾ Poor weathering ¾ Good as adhesive in industrial and packaging applications ¾ Sometime used in curtain wall where adhesion to rubber compounds is needed ¾ Most are string
Slide 56: Sealant Types: Field molded Polysulfide
Sealant Types Construction Field molded • Polysulfide: ¾ The first ‘high performance’ sealant chemistry, do not perform as well as newer polyurethanes and silicones in moving joints ¾ Poor recovery ¾ Can be formulated for excellent chemical resistance ¾ Good in submerged applications ¾ Require prime
Slide 57: Sealant Types: Field molded STP/MS Hybrids
Sealant Types Construction Field molded • STP/MS Hybrids ¾Silane Terminated Polyether or Polyurethane ¾No glazing (avoid direct contact to glass) ¾Excellent bonding, generally without a primer to non porous substrates ¾Good UV resistance ¾Excellent weathering Sika Corporation
Slide 58: Sealant Types: Field molded Polyurethanes
Sealant Types Construction Field molded • Polyurethanes: ¾ Most common sealant for a wide variety of substrates ¾ No glazing (avoid direct contact to glass) ¾ Excellent bonding, generally without a primer especially to cement based substrates like concrete and masonry ¾ More forgiving in less than p
Slide 59: Sealant Types: Field molded Silicones
Sealant Types Construction Field molded • Silicones: ¾ Structural bonding and stop-less glazing of glass to frames ¾ Excellent UV and stability ¾ Good adhesion to many substrates especially glass, often a primer is recommended on many substrates, particularly porous ¾ Adhesion is adversely affected
Slide 60: Uses by type
Construction Uses by type Use Latex Acrylic Butyl Polysulfide Silicone PU submerged 1 1 3 4 1 4 interior 4 4 3 3 4 4 exterior 1 2 1 3 4 4 struct. Glazing 1 1 1 1 4 1 window perimeter 1 2 1 3 4 4 expansion joints 1 1 1 2 4 4 traffic joints 1 1 1 3 2 4 wide joints 1 1 1 1 3 3 paintable 4 3 2 1 1 4 che
Slide 61: Critical Success Factors: Material Selection
Critical Success Factors Construction Material Selection Key Material Features POLYURETHANES SILICONES • Superior primerless adhesion to porous • Superior adhesion to glass, especially in substrates and very forgiving to less than applications subject to reflected UV at bond pristine application con