Slide 1: Highly Linear and Compact MMW Phased Array Transmitters
Highly Linear and Compact MMW Phased Array Transmitters November 11, 2003 R. Lai, M. Siddiqui, B. Pitman, M. Nishimoto, K. Johnson, S. Din, O. Fordham, G. Schreyer, R. Grundbacher, L. Callejo and D. Streit, Northrop Grumman Space Technology, Redondo Beach, CA 90278
Slide 2: Critical Technology that will Enable Next Generation Satcom Phased Arrays
Critical Technology that will Enable Next Phased Array Generation Satcom Phased Arrays • Next generation phased array designs will be driven by desire for increased capacity • Evolution to smaller beam widths and more simultaneous beams favors phased arrays ¾ ~100 simultaneous beams from one apertur
Slide 3: Background
Background Noise Power Ratio Explained Adjacent Channel Power Ratio Explained 2
Slide 4: Outline
Outline ¾ Selected linearity tests were performed at different frequencies dependent on test equipment availability. ¾ A sampling of measurements at frequencies from 20 GHz to 46 GHz are presented. ¾ All 1 watt amplifiers have similar topologies: Show similar P1dB, Psat and OIP3 behavior. ACPR a
Slide 5: NGST 0.15µm GaAs PHEMT
NGST 0.15µm GaAs PHEMT ¾ Flight qualified profile (die thickness: 100 µm; 50 µm.) ¾ FT ~ 75 to 80 GHz @ VDS = 5V ¾ Imax > 600 mA/mm ¾ VBD > 9 V @ 0.1 mA/mm, > 11V @ 1 mA/mm ¾ Gm > 550 to 600 mS/mm ¾ OIP3 > P1dB+ 9dB or better @ 10dB OBO OIP3 > P1dB+ 9dB holds at 5dB OBO ¾ P1dB ~ 400 to 500 mW/mm;
Slide 6: 20 GHz Driver Amplifier
20 GHz Driver Amplifier ¾ Freq: 20 GHz ¾ Gain: 20 dB ¾ P1dB: 25 dBm (329 mW/mm, 30% PAE) 40 APH505 NPR vs Pout 245 ¾ Psat: 26 dBm (414 mW/mm, > 42% PAE) NPR_ng10 (L) 35 PAEn_ng10 (L) 230 ¾ OIP3: 35 dBm (IM3 = -46dBc @10dB OBO) NPR (dB) and PAE (%) Idn_ng10 (R) 30 215 22.48 25 20.22 200 ¾ AM/PM < 5 d
Slide 7: 24-26 GHz Power Amplifier
24-26 GHz Power Amplifier ¾ Freq: 24 to 26 GHz ¾ Gain: 18 dB ¾ P1dB: 31 dBm (525 mW/mm, 22% PAE) Fixtured PIPO Data @ 25 GHz 35 35 ¾ Psat: 32 dBm (660 mW/mm, 29% PAE) 30 30 25 25 ¾ OIP3: 40.5 dBm (IM3 = -45dBc @ 10dB Pout / Gain Pout(dBm) 20 20 15 15 Gain(dB) PAE(%) OBO) 10 10 5 5 ¾ Size: 5.88 mm2 0
Slide 8: ACPR Test Bench
ACPR Test Bench ¾ Freq: 26 GHz ¾ WCDMA (25MHz BW) up converted to pass band. ¾ ACPR > –44dBc @ 5 MHz offset ¾ Raw test data (no corrections for test set) ¾ Performance is expected to repeat for power amplifiers up to 45 GHz processed in NGST’s 0.15um 4mil GaAs . Excellent linearity (ACPR) @ Pout=P1d
Slide 9: 37-40 GHz Power Amplifier
37-40 GHz Power Amplifier ¾ Freq: 37 to 40 GHz ¾ Gain: 15 dB ¾ P1dB: 30 dBm (463 mW/mm, 18% PAE) Fixtured PIPO Data @ 38 GHz ¾ Psat: 31 dBm (583 mW/mm, 20% PAE) 35 25.00% 30 20.00% ¾ OIP3: 41 dBm (IM3 = -40dBc @ 6dB OBO) 25 Pout / Gain ¾ OIP3 degrades 2 dB at 85 degrees C. 15.00% Pout(dBm) 20 Gain(d
Slide 10: 40-44 GHz Power Amplifier
40-44 GHz Power Amplifier ¾ Freq: 40 to 44 GHz ¾ Gain: 12 dB ¾ P1dB: 29 dBm (368 mW/mm, 14% PAE) Fixtured PIPO Data @ 42 GHz ¾ Psat: 30 dBm (463 mW/mm, 18% PAE) 35 20 18 ¾ OIP3: 39 dBm (IM3 = -42dBc @ 8dB OBO) 30 16 25 14 ¾ Size: 4.25 mm2 Pout / Gain PAE (%) 12 Pout(dBm) 20 10 Gain(dB) 15 8 PAE(%) 1
Slide 11: 43-47 GHz Phased Array Transmit Amplifier
43-47 GHz Phased Array Transmit Amplifier ¾ Freq: 43 to 47 GHz ¾ Gain: 22 dB ¾ Biased for power: P1dB = 24 dBm (465 mW/mm), PAE>22% APH565 Fixtured Test Results @45 GHz (R5C3M0, 1430-156) Psat = 24.7 dBm (546 mW/mm), PAE > 24% 30.0 30 Biased for efficiency: Pout(dBm), Gain(dB) 25.0 25 Pout(dBm)
Slide 12: Figure of Merit Comparison Table
Figure of Merit Comparison Table Foundry Year Freq. Stages Chip Size Output S.S. Gain P1dB PAE Psat Psat density OIP3 OIP3:P1dB P1dB density OIP3 density (GHz) mm2 mm dB dBm % dBm mW/mm dBm mW/mm W/mm NGST 2003 19-21 2 2.5 0.8 18.5 24.0 30.0 25.9 486 35 11 314 3.98 Transcom 2002 14-17 4 4.1 3.6 30 3
Slide 13: Conclusions
CONCLUSIONS ¾ Demonstrated state of the art P1dB, Psat, Power Density and OIP3 in compact die size. ¾ Meets high linearity requirements of phased array / radar transmitters. High gain per stage enables excellent linearity, PAE and compact die size through 46 GHz. Designs use NGST’s flight qualif