Research Frontiers Incorporated · NASDAQ:REFR
Research Frontiers — Penn State Workshop 2007
31 slides from Research Frontiers's conference presentation, Sep 13, 2007
Slide 1: The Smart Glass Industry: Advanced Light-Control for Global Mass Markets
www.SmartGlass.com The Smart Glass Industry: Advanced Light-Control for Global Mass Markets Presented by: Dr. Gregory M. Sottile Research Frontiers Incorporated Woodbury, NY September 13, 2007 Property of Research Frontiers Inc. Not to be reproduced without written permission.
Slide 2: Research Frontiers Inc.
Research Frontiers Inc. • Developer and licensor of SPD (suspended particle device) light-control technology • Over 470 patents and patent applications worldwide • 33 licensees, including many Headquarters: Woodbury, NY (USA) of the world’s leading chemical, film and glass companies 2
Slide 3: Light is Essential and the Need to Control It is Universal
Light is Essential and the Need to Control It is Universal Photo provided courtesy of the Naval Research Laboratory. 3
Slide 4: Traditional Methods to Control Light, Glare and Heat
Traditional Methods to Control Light, Glare and Heat The abundance of light Traditional Methods (natural and artificial) creates a heightened need Architectural Transportation for ways to control visible • Blinds • Sun shades • Curtains • Sun visors light, glare and heat. • Shades • Tinted glass Tra
Slide 5: Smart Glass
Smart Glass A category of materials that visibly change their light-control properties in response to a stimulus. Synonymous descriptors: ¾ Chromogenics ¾ Dynamic glazings ¾ Smart glazings ¾ Switchable glazings 5
Slide 6: Smart Glass Offers Many Benefits
Smart Glass Offers Many Benefits Dynamic shading and daylighting Energy efficiency Glare reduction Security User/system empowerment Innovative design These benefits support higher levels of user well-being and productivity, building/vehicle energy efficiency, and reduced lifetime operating costs. 6
Slide 7: Smart Glass: Categories and Primary Types
Smart Glass: Categories and Primary Types Categories Passive Active Photochromic Electrochromic (EC) Thermochromic Liquid Crystal (LC) Types Suspended Particle Device (SPD) Difference between categories: Passive smart glass does not involve an electrical interface. Active smart glass does. 7
Slide 8: Passive Smart Glass
Passive Smart Glass Photochromics • React to the presence of UV light • A “small format” application • Primary use: eyewear Thermochromics • React to the presence of heat • Typically involve pigments, inks or dyes • Little if any commercialization in major applications such as architectural and tran
Slide 9: Active Smart Glass
Active Smart Glass • Involves an electrical interface • Controlled manually or automatically with a sensor, remote control or integrated control system • Early to mature commercialization in various industries: Potential Product Uses: ¾ Architectural • Windows, doors, skylights, partitions ¾ Automot
Slide 10: Active Smart Glass: Configurations and Various Characteristics
Active Smart Glass: Configurations and Various Characteristics EC LC SPD Configuration Coated onto glass Film laminated Film laminated panels between glass or between glass or plastic panels plastic panels Tuning capability Infinite # of states from 2 states: Opaque but Infinite # of states clear (u
Slide 11: Electrochromic (EC) Smart Glass
Electrochromic (EC) Smart Glass With the introduction of an electrical charge and the injection of light ions, the electrochromic (EC) smart glass goes from a clear state to a dark state. Ion Conductor/ Electrolyte Conductive Ion Storage Electrochromic Layers Conductor (EC) Layer + - G G G + G L L L
Slide 12: Liquid Crystal (LC) Smart Glass
Liquid Crystal (LC) Smart Glass When no electrical charge is applied, the crystals in the LC film diffuse/scatter light and the glass is translucent. When an electrical charge is applied, the crystals orient and the film becomes transparent. Liquid Crystal Liquid Crystal Conductive (LC) Layer Conduc
Slide 13: Suspended Particle Device (SPD) Smart Glass
Suspended Particle Device (SPD) Smart Glass When no electrical charge is applied, the particles in the suspended particle device (SPD) film randomly orient and the smart glass has a dark appearance. When an electrical charge is applied, the particles orient and the SPD film becomes transparent. 13
Slide 14: A Closer Look at the Emulsion within SPD Film
A Closer Look at the Emulsion within SPD Film Orientable particle Micro-capsule polymer UV-cured matrix resin Courtesy of Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. 14
Slide 15: SPD Smart Glass: Side View
SPD Smart Glass: Side View Glass or Polycarbonate Substrate Adhesive Interlayer Polyethylene terephthalate Conductive interlayer Cured SPD Emulsion Conductive interlayer Polyethylene terephthalate Adhesive Interlayer Glass or Polycarbonate Substrate 15
Slide 16: SPD SmartGlass
SPD SmartGlass Courtesy Cricursa Cristales Curvados S.A. 16
Slide 17: More Examples
More Examples Sources of photos: Various 17
Slide 18: World Flat Glass Demand: 2010
World Flat Glass Demand: 2010 6.1 billion meters2 (approximately 65.7 billion feet2) Growth rate to 2010: 5.2% per year “Sales of new generations of security and fire- rated glass, self-cleaning glass, and smart windows that promise unprecedented control and energy savings also will accelerate t
Slide 19: World Flat Glass Demand
World Flat Glass Demand World Flat Glass Demand: 2000-2015 ($ mil) $80,000 $71,100 Flat glass to increase $60,000 53% from 2005 to 2015 $57,500 $46,560 $36,950 $40,000 $20,000 $- 2000 2005 2010 2015 Source: The Freedonia Group Source: The Freedonia Group (Cleveland, OH) 19
Slide 20: US Advanced Flat Glass Demand
US Advanced Flat Glass Demand US Advanced Flat Glass Demand ($ mil) $12,000 Advanced flat glass to grow $9,990 $10,000 72% from 2005 to 2015 $7,725 $8,000 $5,802 $6,000 $4,514 $4,000 $3,337 $2,000 $- 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Source:Source: The Freedonia TheGroup (Cleveland, Freedonia OH) Group 20
Slide 21: US Smart Glass Demand
US Smart Glass Demand US Demand for Smart Glass: 1995-2015 ($ mil) $1,600 $1,340 $1,400 Smart glass to increase more $1,200 than 250% from 2005 to 2015. $1,000 $795 $800 $600 $380 $400 $180 $200 $80 $- 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Source:Source: TheGroup The Freedonia Freedonia Group (Cleveland, OH) 21
Slide 22: Selected Industry Driving Forces
Selected Industry Driving Forces Energy conservation/sustainability Buildings’ share of energy consumed: 39% (US)* Architectural Daylighting and view preservation Greater use of glass Fuel efficiency Enhanced passenger experiences Aerospace Flight attendant control Lower maintenance/
Slide 23: Architectural Glass: Functional and Aesthetic Performance
Architectural Glass: Functional and Aesthetic Performance 23
Slide 24: US Window Manufacturers' Interest to Offer Smart Glass
US Window Manufacturers’ Interest to Offer Smart Glass Interest to Offer Smart Glass Products to Interest to Offer Smart Glass Products to Residential Homeowners/Next 3 Years Commercial Developers/Next 3 Years Very interested (4) 31.0% Very interested (4) 29.0% Somewhat Somewhat 20.1% 28.0% interest
Slide 25: Survey of US "Green" Architects and Professionals
Survey of US “Green” Architects and Professionals n = 455, February 2007 81.5% aware Ever evaluated, recommended or specified: < 7% Likelihood to Recommend or Specify Smart Glass for a Project (Assumes Reasonable Price and Meeting of Specifications) 92.8% likely to 75.0% 54.3% recommend or 50.
Slide 26: Raytheon Aircraft Offers SPD-Smart Window Shades for Beechcraft King Air
Raytheon Aircraft Offers SPD-Smart Window Shades for Beechcraft King Air •February 9, 2006 •6,200 in operation worldwide •Passed stringent FAA durability tests •Certification underway for Beechjet, Premier and Hawker lines Other OEMs have evaluation or development programs in place for smart windows
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Slide 28: Source: Vision (Environmental Innovation) Ltd.
Source: Vision (Environmental Innovation) Ltd. 28
Slide 29: Many Automotive Applications
Many Automotive Applications Sunvisors Sunroof Upper windshield Side and rear windows Dashboard display and navigation system Worldwide unit sales of sunroofs projected to grow 10.8% per year from 2005-2010. Glazing Rear-view mirrors area projected to grow 14.6%. Source: Research Frontiers Incorpora
Slide 30: Vehicles with all-glass roofs, long strips of glass or more expansive sunroof areas are becoming more popular
Vehicles with all-glass roofs, long strips of glass or more expansive sunroof areas are becoming more popular and common. Mercedes R500 Sports Tourer Lexus LF-A Concept All of the images on this page were taken from vehicles on public display at the New York Auto Show and are to demonstrate design c
Slide 31: Summary
Summary Smart glass products are poised to fundamentally change how glass is used and the benefits it conveys. Many driving forces are rapidly accelerating demand for smart glass. Going forward, we will see smart glass increasingly used in several mass markets with global reach. Metamaterials show g