3m Company · NYSE:MMM
3m — Technical Presentation (2020)
24 slides from 3m's technical presentation, 2020
Slide 1: Navigating the Challenges in Battery Safety Testing for Materials Development
CHARGED Navigating the Challenges in Battery Safety Testing For EV ENGINEERING Materials Development and the Parallels With the Catalytic a Converter ay
Slide 2: Navigating the Challenges in Battery Safety Testing For Materials Development and the Parallels With the Catalytic Converter
3M Segments | Automotive Markets Navigating the Challenges in Battery Safety Testing For Materials Development and the Parallels With the Catalytic Converter Brandon Bartling and Mark Fairbanks © 3M 2020. All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 2 ©1/2/2020 3M . All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 2
Slide 3: Parallels Between Emission Device Testing and Battery Pack Testing
Parallels Between Emission Device Testing and Battery Pack Testing Regulated global standards and validation protocols are based on complete systems • Slow • Costly • Unrealistic for materials development use ICE/Emission System EV/Battery System US EPA, CARB UNECE R100 EURO 1–5 GB 38031 China SAE J
Slide 4: Parallels Between Emission Device Testing and Battery Pack Testing
Parallels Between Emission Device Testing and Battery Pack Testing Early emission component durability challenges… • Industry recognized gap in testing validation rigor • Recognition that current tests weren't effective – not reproducing field failure modes • Recognition the industry didn't understa
Slide 5: Parallels Between Emission Device Testing and Battery Pack Testing
Parallels Between Emission Device Testing and Battery Pack Testing Materials and component development • Screening of materials • Test methods that mimic real life situations • Unspecific to individual OEM/Tier requirements • Correlate test data to real life applications 11 September © 3M 2020 . All
Slide 6: Parallels Between Emission Device Testing and Battery Pack Testing
Parallels Between Emission Device Testing and Battery Pack Testing Testing Philosophy Process Examples • Custom platform support • Custom durability testing • Manufacturing support Application • Custom thermal profiling • Support for the unexpected Characterization • Field issues (standards) Advance
Slide 7: Development of Material Screening Tests
Development of Material Screening Tests Thermal Smoke • Overheat • Thermal shock Thermal Electrical • Short circuit Runaway • Over charge Explosion Mechanical • Nail penetration • Crush Fire 11 September © 3M 2020 . All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 7
Slide 8: Development of Material Screening Tests
Development of Material Screening Tests Understanding heat flux and insulation properties Understanding heat, pressure and media blast resistance 11 September © 3M 2020 . All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 8
Slide 9: Safety Challenges in Li-ion Battery Packs
Safety Challenges in Li-ion Battery Packs • Cell and pack energy densities have continued to increase with the introduction of new chemistries Model S I-PACE 3.2Ah 60Ah • New regulations are highlighting the need for a more focused understanding of battery safety ~5000 cells ~400 cells 60kWh 90kWh •
Slide 10: Methods of Thermal Runaway Initiation
Methods of Thermal Runaway Initiation The method of initiation can result in substantial differences in behavior. Defined methods of initiation include: • Nail penetration • Steel 3-8mm diameter with 20-60° tip Nail used in thermal runaway testing • Inserted from 1-10 mm/s in triggerable location •
Slide 11: Tradeoffs in Methods of Initiation
Tradeoffs in Methods of Initiation Nail Penetration • Method shows good repeatability and can be applied to all cell formats • Accessibility, new failure modes and applicability can be a challenge Thermal Nail inducted side wall eruption • Flexible form factor – emulates adjacent cell or external he
Slide 12: Potential Pain Points Experienced During Thermal Runaway
Potential Pain Points Experienced During Thermal Runaway There are several potential issues that can occur when a cell goes into thermal runaway runaway. Understanding the what will significantly help in how addressing the how. Large directed flames Rapid high temperatures Vent direction Hot conduct
Slide 13: Mechanically Related Challenges During an Event
Mechanically Related Challenges During an Event Component expansion • Large format cells can experience non-symmetric expansion that can exceed >200% original volumes • Forces >2MPa can be developed within the stack, which can lead to substantial damage to internal components Volume expansion Erosio
Slide 14: Thermally Related Challenges During an Event
Thermally Related Challenges During an Event Rapid heating of cells • Once initiated cell temperatures can rise at rates >40°C/sec to over 1000°C • Measured heat fluxes of >40kW/m2 peak released energy Thermal propagation (cascade thermal runaway) • 10-100µm particles are ejected from the cell durin
Slide 15: Electrically Related Challenges During an Event
Electrically Related Challenges During an Event Short-circuits due to component sag • Aluminum – with a melting point of 660°C – is used in several pack components, including lids and busbars • In the exposed temperatures energized component can warp and sag leading to shorting and electrically indu
Slide 16: Chemical Related Challenges During an Event
Chemical Related Challenges During an Event Chemical Release • Gas released from a cell during runaway can contain a mixture of CO, CO2, H2, HF and CxHy in cell dependent ratios • Improper venting that inhibits the release of these gases in the pack can lead to gas levels above allowable limits • Un
Slide 17: Tackling the Battery Safety Problem
Tackling the Battery Safety Problem Lid & Enclosure Outer enclosure • Electrical • Electrical • Chemical • Thermal • Thermal • Mechanical Cooling Plate Module Level Busbar/connections Around cells • Electrical • Electrical • Thermal • Thermal • Mechanical • Mechanical 11 September © 3M 2020 . All Ri
Slide 18: Mechanical Material Properties to Address the Need
Mechanical Material Properties to Address the Need Higher Strength-Focused Features Before After (front) After (back) • High thermal runaway durability (blast) • High temperature resistant (> 1200°C) • Flexible • Material thickness: 1.0 mm – 2.0 mm • Basis weight: 1.5 to 2 kg / sqm Condition after 1
Slide 19: Thermal Material Properties to Address the Need
Thermal Material Properties to Address the Need Thermal Exposure Compression Heat UL 94 V-0 Shear e.g. 3M™ TRB600 & TRB1000 11 September © 3M 2020 . All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 19
Slide 20: Electrical Properties to Address the Need
Electrical Properties to Address the Need Property 3M FRB-NT254 Application Dielectric strength 5.0 kV UL 94 flame rating V-0 and 5VA Battery Cell High voltage arc tracking rate (HVTR) PLC = 0 Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) PLC = 0 High current arc to ignition (HAI) PLC = 2 Hot wire ignition PLC =
Slide 21: Learning From the Past to Help With the Future
Learning From the Past to Help With the Future The automotive industry is going through a tremendous change, but change is not new To meet these challenges it is important that to gain a deep understanding of the fundamental material properties and how those translate to the application Representati
Slide 22: Thank you!
Thank you!
Slide 23: Technical Information
Technical Information: The technical information, guidance, and other statements contained in this document or otherwise provided by 3M are based upon records, tests, or experience that 3M believes to be reliable, but the accuracy, completeness, and representative nature of such information is not g
Slide 24: Join us for a follow-up roundtable
Join us for a follow-up roundtable: Follow the link to register: Wednesday, September 9th at 11:30am https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register PST / 1:30pm CST / 2:30pm EST /8882804216958713356 11 September © 3M 2020 . All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 24