Tmc The Metals Company Inc. · NASDAQ:TMC
Tmc The Metals — Technical Presentation (November 2023)
56 slides from Tmc The Metals's technical presentation, November 2023
Slide 1: NORI-D Environment Program Update
1 NORI-D Environment Program Update November 2023
Slide 2: Offshore campaigns
2 Offshore campaigns Data to inform EIA will be collected over 20 offshore campaigns spanning 11 years. Test Post Baseline Mining Disturbance Ocean Infinity 5C C1 C3 5A 5D C8 4B 7A 7C 4A C2 6B 5B 5E 7B 6A 4C 4D 4E 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 Bathymetric mapping, geological & environmental sam
Slide 3: EIA progress
3 EIA progress 11 years of offshore campaigns Test Mining Data Assimilation Data Assessment Post Test Mining Survey EIS Development EIS Submission
Slide 4: Benthic Plume
4 Benthic Plume
Slide 5: NORI-D
Distance to NORI Contract ‘ aS Exploration Areas -. |-Areas from Nauru ee s.:)| oo aa [EB] ©eploration contract areas granted by the International Seabed Authority Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ) Protected Areas (1.97 million km?) | | Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (APEIs) Exploration Area
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Slide 7: Published claims on deep-sea mining risks
7 Drazen, Jeffrey C., et al. "Midwater ecosystems must be considered when evaluating environmental risks of The Guardian. 2023 “Is it too late to halt deep-sea mining? deep-sea mining." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117.30 (2020): 17455-17460. Meet the activists trying to save the
Slide 8: Plumes of sediment quote
8 Source: https://savethehighseas.org/deep-sea-mining/impacts-of- deep-sea-mining/ (Accessed 24/10/2023) “Plumes of sediment will be created as mining stirs up the seafloor, possibly spreading tens of thousands of square kilometres beyond the mining sites. The effect this will have on filter feeders
Slide 9: Plume monitoring approach
9 6. RETURN WATER DISCHARGE OSV Island Pride SSV Hidden Gem MONITORING Safe operational working distance 500m surface 1. FIXED MONITORING STATIONS (inc. moored ADCPs, hydrophones etc.) Hydrographic and non-trace metal operational and midwater plumes CTD casts for monitoring benthic Midwater passive
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Slide 11: Test mining dive imagery
DPT : 4287. 9m HDG: 195.8° : -480588.9 A 0. Om : 1142048 FTS-004 Teland Pride TMC _—_NORI-D HD14 -.Dive 404 DPT: 4275. 7m 5 5 8 g 490564 A 0.0m 8 3 » 1140829 FSP-001 Island Pride DGT Asset Recovery, Tsland\ Pridel TMC = NORI-D HD14 — Dive 407MMUTC.18/-26639 TMC HD14) = Dive 449
Slide 12: 50 monitoring stations around the test field
12 50 monitoring stations distributed in and around the test field to monitor and map the near and far field plume in situ. BENTHIC PLUME ARRAY • 7 x Fixed Landers with ADCPs, CTDs, OBS – optical backscatter • 2 x Fixed bottom current and turbidity landers with acoustic modems that we interrogate in
Slide 13: Plume monitoring image
20-Oct-22 10:45 N&R med&omay pa
Slide 14: Total SSC
2022-10-20 10:00:00 2100 50 25 si Total SSC [mg/L]
Slide 15: Benthic plume forms a turbidity current
15 Increasing evidence to suggest that the benthic plume forms a turbidity current at the seabed. “A turbidity current is a lateral, gravity-driven spreading of sediment-laden water under its own weight away from the collector tracks and not a case of the sediment being passively carried away by the
Slide 16: Lab and field evidence
16 Early lab–based evidence • Same holds true for the exhaust pipe behind the collector. The plume will descend down to the seafloor and aggregation will take place.” – Gillard et al. (2020) • “The experiments reveal the formation of a wedge-shaped gravity current front which narrows as the ratio of
Slide 17: Plume modeling
Plume modeling. ce Without density feedback With density feedback Total SSC Density driven currents
Slide 18: 4secas
24/09/2022 1 i 05:33:58 010°19.473956' -117°11.431444° ¥ : 04.21 ? ; 4secas
Slide 19: Date
Date Time Lat Long 22/09/2022 14:46:30 010°19.765835' -117°11.636904' DCC KP East North -4.17 “0.5547 478765.85 1141842.30 AUiseas
Slide 20: Why is the sedimentation footprint so small?
20 Plumes – Benthic – Why is the sedimentation footprint so small? Sedimentation. • Cut depth lower than assumed • Volume of resuspended sediments significantly lower than assumed • Sediment aggregation is fast, leading to fast settling • Turbidity flow is influenced more by bathymetry than water mo
Slide 21: Benthic Sedimentation Model
21 Benthic Sedimentation Model 2 km 4 km
Slide 22: Biological Sampling
22 Biological Sampling. Total of 346 multicore and boxcore deployments plus >240 km of ROV/AUV transects targeted for megafauna analysis
Slide 23: >20 organizations engaged & >200 terabytes of data
23 >20 organizations engaged & >200 terabytes of data collected.
Slide 24: DPT : Ce ae DG 35.275 E : 480282.126
DPT : Ce ae DG 3 35.275 E : 480282.126 ALT : 3.4m N : 1141810.241
Slide 25: DPT : 4275.3m 4.7m
E: 479667.352 N : 1142302.254 DPT : 4275.3m 2 4.7m 02-12-2022 TF-007-MCR2 MC205 Island Pride TC 13:41:08 TMC HD14 - Dive 465
Slide 26: DPT : 4288.2m HDG: 332.1° E: 480284.424
DPT : 4288.2m HDG: 332.1° E: 480284.424 ALT : 3.4m N : 1141812.385
Slide 27: Impact Assessment
27 Impact Assessment. Biological Data Sediment Footprint Model Impact Assessment
Slide 28: Plumes – Benthic – Sedimentation
28 Plumes – Benthic – Sedimentation.
Slide 29: TF-007 – In Track – Direct Impact
TF-007 – IN TRACK – DIRECT IMPACT 29
Slide 30: TF-NEW – Between Track >60 mm modelled
TF-NEW – Between Track - > 60 mm modelled 35
Slide 31: TF-032 – 20–30 mm modelled
TF-032 – 20 – 30 mm modelled 41
Slide 32: TF-025 – 2–5 mm modelled
TF-025 — 2 — 5 mm modelled ee ae = Peres | I
Slide 33: TF-033 – 1–2 mm modelled
TF-033 – 1 – 2 mm modelled 53
Slide 34: STM-174 – 0.05–0.1 mm modelled
STM-174 – 0.05 – 0.1 mm modelled 59
Slide 35: Control-NW-FF – 0.00 mm modelled
CONTROL-NW-FF – 0.00 mm modelled 65
Slide 36: Thorium-234 tracing
i Ree 8 WATER COLUMN SEDIMENT e 234Th Thorium-234 Molecules 8 “234Th concentration in water column HIGHER & 284TH concentration in sediment LOWER ral State = > Due to the short half-life of Th (24.1 days) relative to the slow sedimentation rates in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), excess *“Th inve
Slide 37: VU Si = (Qu Y cq {D) = oO VU WY N
VU Si = (Qu Y cq {D) = oO VU WY N
Slide 38: Thorium-234 measures plume spread at seafloor
| @ @ > @ 4 31 Sedintent Post Impact: ~~. _ o & . P c The novel use of Thorium-234 allows us to accurately measure how far sediment plumes spread at the seafloor. & 234Th concentration in water column LOWER ® WATER COLUMN pe ee "Th cofféentfation in sédiment ;
Slide 39: Baseline Post-PCV Th-234 concentrations
74 7A and 7B Th-234 concentrations .5km Baseline Post-PCV Track .5km 2km 3km .2km 1km
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Slide 41: Sedimentation map
‘sedimentation_(m| <0 182 ons ‘STM_174STM_174 ee STM_174 OH 174 STM_174@ ry 174 — cm 10-20 STM_181_,5TM_181 STM_A7Z STM_047 cs =_007-MCR47 STM_004 STM_179 \TE02 7g TF_027 worns7s (LS > FF_O27 1 , TE,023 gg TF L029 1000m 2,000 Meters 1 j OTF_004,
Slide 42: Benthic plume dispersal
77 Benthic plume dispersal. Multiple lines of evidence Indicating that: • The sediment plume is low lying* • The sediment plume initially forms a turbidity current* Laboratory Studies Rea • A turbidity current is a lateral, gravity-driven spreading of soni ng sediment-laden water under its own weigh
Slide 43: Zones of Impact & Influence
78 Zones of Impact & Influence. Zone of High Impact Zone of Moderate Impact Zone of Influence Source: International Institute for Sustainable Development - www.iisd.org/learning/eia/eia-7-steps/step-2-scoping/ (Adapted)
Slide 44: Zones of Impact & Influence
79 Zones of Impact & Influence. Environmental Protection Authority. "Technical Guidance: Environmental Impact Assessment of Marine Dredging Proposals." Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, Western Australia (2016).
Slide 45: Zones of Impact & Influence
80 Zones of Impact & Influence. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Cumulative impact management policy. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, 2018.
Slide 46: Zones of Impact & Influence
81 Zones of Impact & Influence. Zone of Moderate Impact Zone of Influence (ZoI) Zone of High Impact (ZoHI) (ZoMI) is the area/volume of the receiving is the area/volume of the receiving is the area/volume of the receiving environment in which changes to the environment where impacts to biota environ
Slide 47: Ecological Metrics
82 Ecological Metrics. CONTROL: ZONE 5: ZONE 4: ZONE 3: ZONE 2: ZONE 1: DIRECT IMPACT NO IMPACT 0.05 – 0.1mm 1 – 2mm 2 – 5mm 20 – 30mm 60 – 1000mm IN TRACK (NWFF) (STM_174) (TF_033) (TF-025) (TF_032) (TF_BL) Megafauna (sessile) Megafauna (motile) Macrofauna (nodules) Key ecological metrics measured
Slide 48: Zones of Impact
83 Zones of Impact. ZoHI - > 2 mm ZoMI – 0.5 – 2 mm ZoI - <0.5 mm Control – 0mm 1000m
Slide 49: Zones of Impact
84 Zones of Impact. “sediment will settle over 1mm deep 10-15 kilometres away from the direct mining area” Source: https://dsm-campaign.org/blue-peril/
Slide 50: Zones of Impact
85 Zones of Impact “Here we model the seabed plume in the NORI-D contract area using ‘OpenDrift’”. In just over 30 days virtual sediment particles released 8 m from the sea floor travel over 200 kms’ Source: https://dsm-campaign.org/blue-peril/
Slide 51: Drazen et al. midwater ecosystems citation
86 Drazen, Jeffrey C., et al. "Midwater ecosystems must be considered when evaluating environmental risks of deep- sea mining." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117.30 (2020): 17455-17460.
Slide 52: Plumes of sediment quotes
87 Source: https://savethehighseas.org/deep-sea-mining/impacts-of- deep-sea-mining/ “Plumes of sediment will be created as mining stirs up the seafloor, possibly spreading tens of thousands of square kilometres beyond the mining sites. The effect this will have on filter feeders such as corals and s
Slide 53: Turbidity current quote from MIT
88 Their measurements showed that the vehicle created a dense plume of sediment in its wake, which spread under its own weight, in a phenomenon known in fluid dynamics as a “turbidity current.” As it gradually dispersed, the plume remained relatively low, staying within 2 meters of the seafloor, as
Slide 54: Zones of Impact
89 Zones of Impact “Here we model the seabed plume in the NORI-D contract area using ‘OpenDrift’”. In just over 30 days virtual sediment particles released 8 m from the sea floor travel over 200 kms’ This model does not account for the development gravity-driven spreading of sediment-laden water und
Slide 55: Upcoming focus for the Environmental Program
90 Upcoming focus for the Environmental Program • Coordinate science studies for Campaign 8 • Use emerging data and modelling to address remaining key issues, including: o Concentrations, dispersal and impact of mid-water plumes o Chemistry of mid-water plume and potential for impacts on fisheries o
Slide 56: Thank you
NeRI NAURU OCEAN RESOURCES INC. Thank you
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